Nthaka yoyenera yobzala tomato. Kodi ndi masamba otani omwe masamba amakonda - wowawa kapena amchere? Kodi n'zotheka kupanga nthaka yokha?

Nthata ndi imodzi mwa zomera zopanda nzeru kwambiri zokhudza kusamalira ndi nthaka. Mbewu imeneyi ndi yophweka kwambiri ponena za nthaka yomwe imapangidwa ndi chinyezi.

Zomwe amaluwa amatha kukonzekera pansi kubzala tomato okha mbande. Njira ina ndiyo kugula nthaka yokonzedwa kale m'sitolo.

Ndi bwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosakaniza yokonzeka kusiyana ndi kuphika nokha. Koma kupatula katundu wotsirizidwa - khalidwe lapansi.

Kufunika kwa nthaka yabwino

Kukonzekera kapena kupeza nthaka yabwino ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakulima mbande. Mbewu zimakhala zolimba kwambiri malinga ndi kukula kwa nthaka ndi momwe zimapangidwira. Makina oyenera a padziko lapansi amapindulitsa mbande..

Nthaka ya mbande ya phwetekere iyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe awa:

• kusokonezeka;
• chithunzithunzi;
• kuwala

Ndiponso nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba yamadzi. Mtengo woyenera wa acidity uli pafupi.

Zotsatira za kusankha kolakwika

Pakakhala nthaka ya mbande ya tomato si yoyenera, zotsatira zake zingakhale zovuta. Mbeu sizingangokula, ndipo munthu wosadziwa zambiri adzasiyidwa popanda tomato.

Pofuna kupewa zotsatira zoipa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo.

1. Pakuti kukula mbande sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito feteleza zokhazikika pamtunda wa kuvunda. Manyowawa amawotcha mbewu za phwetekere.
2. Zowonjezera mchenga mumchenga zimatsutsana. Mchenga umenewo umapangitsa nthaka kukhala yolemetsa, yomwe imakhudza mbande.
3. Nthaka sayenera kukhala ndi zitsulo zolemera, choncho, zisamasonkhanitsidwe pafupi ndi mafakitale ndi misewu.

M'dothi lodzala: zinthu zofunikira ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Dothi ndilo gwero lalikulu la zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa mbeu. Nthaka ya mbande ya phwetekere iyenera kukhala yochuluka mu zochitika ndi mavitamini. Apo ayi, mbande idzadwala ndikufa. Maonekedwe abwino a nthaka ayenera kuphatikizapo:

• nitrogen;
• phosphorus;
• magnesiamu;
• potaziyamu.

Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi, tomato amakula mwamphamvu ndi wathanzi.

Muzolemba zofanana za chigawo chirichonse chingasinthidwe ndi zofanana kapena kuwonjezera zina. Zotsatirazi zikhoza kukhalapo pomulemba:

• Moss sphagnum Amapanga mpweya wokwanira.
• Munda ndi nthaka.
• Matenda a singwe. Amateteza mbande zazing'ono kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, komanso zimapereka zokolola zazikulu.
• Peat. Zimapangitsa kuti luso likhale looseness komanso chinyezi. Chifukwa chakuti acidity ya peat inakula ikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena choko. Nsalu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapanga peat zimathandiza kuti pakhale mizu. Pachifukwa ichi, peat ikulimbikitsidwa kuti isadulidwe.
• Nthaka yachitsamba. Amapereka kuwala kwa nthaka ndipo amamasula, koma ali ndi zakudya zochepa. Choncho, masamba a masambawa ayenera kuwonjezera zigawozo zosowa.
  Matendawa samapweteka kwambiri chifukwa amatha kubzala masamba pansi pa mtengo kapena msondodzi.
• Mchenga - ufa wophika. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti mchenga womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula mbande ukhale woyera, wosambitsidwa, wopanda zidutswa zadongo. Musanayambe kupanga dothi, mchenga uyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi ndi calcined mu uvuni.
• Perlite amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga ufa wophika ndi chinyontho chosungira chigawo.
• Humus. Kuti musamawononge achinyamata a phwetekere, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito humus yokha. Musanapange chigawochi chimafuna kuvomereza kusankhidwa.
• Chiwombankhanga chimatha kusintha mchenga kapena mchenga womwe uli mbali ya dothi. Pokonzekera nthaka zosakaniza kwa mbande, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi wa utuchi, chisanadze scalded ndi madzi owiritsa.

Kodi mungadziphike bwanji?

Ambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa amakonda kukonzekera dothi la phwetekere payekha kusiyana ndi kugula m'sitolo.

Yambani maphunziro mu kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, tsitsani nthaka mu bokosi ndikuisiya mumsewu kapena pa khonde mpaka masika. Pakati pa chisanu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamwalira, ndipo dziko lokha limakhala lopanda kanthu. Pafupifupi sabata umodzi musanafese mbewu, dothi liyenera kubweretsedwa m'nyumba kuti liwotchedwe.

Pambuyo pokhala pansi, mukhoza kuyamba kusakaniza zigawo zonse zofunika. Izi ziyenera kuchitika masiku angapo musanafese mbewu za phwetekere.

Pali njira zingapo zokonzekera nthaka ya mbatata.:

• Pakuti kusakaniza mu gawo limodzi kumatengedwa tsamba, nthaka, humus ndi mchenga. Zonsezi zimakhala zosakaniza. Nthaka kwa mbande imakhetsedwa ndi kale anakonzedwa wapadera yankho lokhala ndi 30 g wa superphosphate, 10 g wa urea ndi 25 g wa potaziyamu sulphate. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mbewu zimatha kufesedwa pansi.
• Mu mbali zofanana zimatengedwa dothi losakanizika, mchenga ndi peat. Zonsezi zimakhala zosakaniza. Mu nthaka yomalizidwa ndiwonjezeredwa 500 g wa phulusa ndi 2 tbsp. superphosphate. Kachiwiri, chirichonse chimasakanizidwa ndipo chimasiyidwa kwa masiku angapo. Ndiye mukhoza kuyamba kukula mbande.
• Gawo limodzi la humus limasakanizidwa ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga komanso mbali ziwiri za dothi. Zowonjezeranso kuwonjezeka kwa 500 g wa phulusa. Zigawo zonse zimasakaniza ndipo patatha masiku ochepa mukhoza kuyamba kufesa mbewu.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mbeu isanafesedwe. Izi zimachitidwa kuti tipeŵe kulima mwachiwonekere tomato odwala.

Manyowa osiyanasiyana omwe anamaliza

Ngati zatsimikiziridwa kugula nthaka kwa mbande, ziyenera kuchitidwa molondola. Apo ayi, mbewu zimangofa. Yabwino kwambiri kukula phwetekere mbande zoyenera zamoyo zonse.

Kodi nthaka ndi tomato ngati yotani?

Musanafese tomato mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa kufotokozera kuti nthaka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji kukula kwa mbande za tomato (ndi tsabola, mukabzala kenaka) - zowawa kapena zamchere.

Nthaka yopanga phwetekere mbande iyenera kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri.. Mphamvu yabwino ya pH ya tomato ndi 5.5-6.5. Acidity imatsimikiziridwa ndi chida chapadera, chomwe chingagulidwe ku sitolo iliyonse.

Dothi la alkaline silovomerezeka kwa tomato, chifukwa limalimbikitsa kuyanika ndi kuyaka mbewu. Ndipo izi zimakhudza zokolola.

Kusiyanitsa nthaka kuti ikule

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Nthaka kwa mbande ndi yosiyana ndi nthaka chifukwa chokula tomato. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndikumangidwe kwa nthaka yomalizidwa. Kukula tomato, mukhoza kutenga nthaka yowonjezera kuposa mbande.

Nthaka ya mbande iyenera kukhala ndi mulingo wochuluka wa micronutrients opindulitsa ndi mavitamini omwe amathandiza kuti ayambe kumera mbewu. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti akulu akulu ali kale olimba ndipo amatha kusintha mtundu uliwonse, ndipo mbewu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti zimere.

Anthu ambiri amadabwa chifukwa chake amamera mbatata, chifukwa dzikoli ndilofanana ndi m'munda. Koma sikuti aliyense akudziwa zimenezo chifukwa mbande ndizofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lapadera lomwe linapangidwira ndi lopindulitsa ndi zinthu zothandiza.. Kuti musalowe mumkhalidwe wosasangalatsa chotero, muyenera kufufuza mosamalitsa zolemba za nthaka pa phukusi kapena kupeza momwe mungakonzekere.