Zitsamba ndizozing'ono zomwe zimafalitsidwa m'mayiko onse kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Pafupifupi, pali mitundu yoposa 130, makamaka amakhala kumpoto kwa America, Europe, North Asia.
Nsalu sizikumba mitsempha, koma gwiritsani ntchito timipata ta mbewa, timadontho ta timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timayendetsa pansi. Nyama sizikuvulaza, mosiyana, kudya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, kuwononga nthenda yambiri ya nkhalango ndi minda.
Mitundu ya misomali
Zachilendo
Mbalame wamba ndi nyama yambiri ya ku Russia.
Kutalika kwa thupi 6-9 cm, mchira 3.5-5 masentimita. Kunenepa - 6-15 g. Ili ndi ubweya wandiweyani, wothamanga kwambirimakutu ang'onoang'ono ndi maso ang'onoang'ono akuda.
Nthaŵi zambiri zimakhazikika mu nkhalango zowonongeka komanso zosakanikirana, posankha malo ozizira ndi ozizira monga malo ake.
Amagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku, kusiya maulendo 2-3 maola usiku usanagwe. Idya mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo ndi mphutsi, nkhono zapansi, achule, mbewu.
Maganizo awa akuwoneka bwino mu chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa.
Pa nthawi ya njala akhoza kudya kudya kakang'ono. Panthawi ya kudyetsa, nthawi zambiri imayimilira pazitsulo zinayi zonse, koma tizilombo toledzera timagwiritsa ntchito mazembera oyambirira. Mbalame wamba pamakungwa a mitengo imatha kukwera mazira a sing'anga kapena agulugufe.
Pakuti chaka chimabweretsa ana atatu. Nthawi yogonana ingatenge masiku 18-28, mu malita imodzi mpaka ana khumi amabadwa. Mkaziyo amamanga chisa cha masamba ndi mapesi a udzu, kuyika zinthu zofewa mkati mwake. Mawu a moyo si oposa zaka 1.5.
Mutha kuona bwino wamba wamba pa kanema pansipa.
Kamphongo kakang'ono (America)
Mwana wakhanda ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri yodulayemwe amakhala ku North America.
Dzina lake la sayansi ndi Sorex hoyi, chinyama ichi chapatsidwa dzina lachilengedwe ndi dokotala wochokera ku America Philip Hoy.
Amakhala ku Canada ndi ku United States, kumene amakhalira m'nkhalango ndi mitengo yowonongeka komanso yotchedwa coniferous, komanso kunja.
Thupi lautali la mtundu uwu wa nkhono silimposa 5 masentimita, kuphatikizapo 2 cm - mchira. Kulemera kwake kumafikira magalamu 2-2.5. Chovalacho chiri ndi mthunzi wofiira kapena wofiira-bulauni kumbuyo, ndi kuwala pamimba. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya wonse umachepetsedwa..
Amasonyeza ntchito nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku, komanso chaka chonse. Mofanana ndi nsalu zina, zimadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo tochepa. Adani a m'chilengedwe ndi mbalame zamphongo, njoka, amphaka.
Nthawi yobereka imayamba m'miyezi yoyamba ya chilimwe, mimba imatenga masiku 18. Kwa chaka chingwe chinang'ambika imabweretsa malita imodzi okhayomwe ili ndi ana 3 mpaka 8.
Zing'onozing'ono
Mphungu kakang'ono - nyamakazi kakang'onoyomwe imakhala ku Russia, komanso imodzi mwa nyama zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku Ulaya.
Amakhala m'madera ochokera ku mayiko a Scandinavia kupita ku Far East, kuphatikizapo Fr. Sakhalin.
Kumpoto, amakhala mpaka kumalire a tundra ndi nkhalango. Zalembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera la Chigawo cha Murmansk.
Kutalika kwa chinyama sikuposa 5 masentimita, ndipo 2.5-3 masentimita amagwera pamchira. Kulemera kwake ndi 3-4 magalamu. Ili ndi mutu waukulu, umene umakhala wotchedwa proboscis.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya nkhono, iyi imakhala ndi mchira waung'onoting'ono - imatenga pafupifupi 54% ya kutalika kwake konse.
Zing'onozing'ono zowoneka bwanji mu chithunzi pansipa.
Mtundu wa malaya ndi wofiirira kapena wofiira pamwamba ndipo umatuluka imimba m'mimba. Mchira umakhalanso ndi ubweya wabwino ndi kusintha kooneka bwino kuchokera ku mdima mpaka kuunika.
Amakhala m'nkhalango ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo., pamphepete mwa mathithi. Nkhono ing'onoing'ono imapezekanso mumtunda, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madzi.
Koma pa nthawi yokhalamo amakonda kwambiri malo omwe mungapeze chakudya chochuluka, mosasamala nyengo ndi zikhalidwe. Amadyetsa tizilombo tochepa, mphutsi, akangaude.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi akhoza kudya mpaka 80 pa tsikukusinthana nthawi izi ndi tulo. Pamene kusala kumwalira mkati mwa maola angapo.
Kwa chaka 1-2 malita amatha kuwombedwa, omwe aliwonse amakhala ndi ma 8 (makamaka 4-5).
Small
Nkhono yaying'ono nsomba yaying'ono. Amapezeka ku Ulaya ndi Russia - kuchokera ku Ulaya ndi kum'mwera kwa Siberia.
Kutalika kwa mamita 4-6 cm, pamene mchira uli 50-70% kutalika kwake. Kulemera mpaka 5 magalamu. Proboscis pa nkhope imapangidwira kwambiri, yomwe, pamodzi ndi kutalika kwake, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu iyi kuchokera ku khungu kakang'ono. Mtundu wa ubweya kumbuyo umachokera ku bulauni mpaka wofiira, mimba imakhala yowala kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya umasokoneza kwambiri.
Malo ogona azing'ono m'nkhalango, malo okhala ndi dampness, koma osati mthunzi. Sakonda malo otseguka ndi udzu wouma. Amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, akangaude, mphutsi, kuphatikizapo nyongolotsi zakuda, mabomba a pansi, masamba achimake ndi ena ambiri. Yogwira ntchito tsiku lonse.
Nyengo yobereketsa imakhala nyengo yonse yachilimwe.pamene 1-2 malita ndi 4-12 anthu amawoneka mchiweto.
Avereji
Kawirikawiri mphonje mu kukula kwake imakhala pakati pa ochepa ndi wamba. Amapanga malo ambiri kuchokera kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya kupita ku Far East, Mongolia ndi Korea. Iyi ndiyo nsomba yokhayo yomwe ingapezedwe mu chilengedwe chilichonse kuchokera ku pulasitiki kupita ku phiri la mapiri.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, nambala yodalirika ya zinyamazi imapezeka mu nkhalango zam'madzi. Ndi imodzi mwa nsapato zambiri.
Ambiri amawadyetsa tizilombo ndi mphutsizomwe zimapezeka m'nkhalango zamtchire, komanso mabomba, akangaude, ndi nthaka. M'nyengo yozizira, zimakhudza kwambiri ndi mbewu za larch, kulephera kwa zomwe zingachititse kufa kwakukulu kwa nyama m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuswana kumachitika nyengo yotentha, kawirikawiri mu zinyalala zimachokera ku chiwindi cha 2 mpaka 11.
Chimake
Nsonga yayikulu ndiyo yambiri mtsogoleri wamkulu wa mitundu iyi ya zinyama. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, imakhala mu malo oletsedwa a Primorsky Territory, choncho imapezeka mu Buku Lopatulika la Russia ngati mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe ili ndi chiwerengero chochepa. Deta pa chiwerengero cha anthu palibe.
Kutalika kwa thupi - kuyambira masentimita 7 mpaka 10, yomwe imakhala ya 70-75%. Kunenepa kumafikira magalamu 14. Mtundu wa malaya ndi wofiirira, nyongolotsi yaitali amatha kuonekera pamphuno (mpaka 3 cm).
Nsonga yayikulu - chithunzi chilipo.
Idya tizilombo tsiku lililonse mochulukirapo. Pankhaniyi, nyama ikhoza kufa ngati idya maola oposa atatu.
Chakudya chachikulu ndi ming'oma, zomwe zimapanga 95%. Amagwiranso ntchito achule, njoka, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, zipatso za zomera.
Pofunafuna chakudya, imatha kugwa mu nthaka yambiri. Ikhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 1.5. Chaka chimodzi, zazikazi zazikulu zimabweretsa ana amodzi okha.Komabe, chiwerengero cha ana sichidziwika.
Dino lofanana
Nkhono yofanana ndi dzino ili nayo kusiyana kwakukuluomwe amalola kuti awulule kuchokera ku mitundu ina - wina ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa mthunzi wakuda, ndipo anatchulidwa chachisanu cha dzino chapamwamba.
Amakhala mumzinda wa taiga, kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku nyanja ya Pacific, amapezeka ku Belarus (mtundu wokha wa njoka omwe amakhala m'dziko lino). Amakonda zigwa. Zomwe zili m'Buku Lopukuta la Karelia ndi dera la Moscow.
Kukula kwa thupi - 6-9 masentimita, yomwe mchira umapitirira 55%. Nkhono zofanana zowononga pafupifupi magalamu 6.5 Zimadyetsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka m'nkhalango. M'nyengo yozizira, imadutsa ku mbewu za spruce ndi mitengo yovuta.
Khalani ndi moyo zaka 1.5. Nthaŵi yobereka m'nyengo yachisanu imayamba kumapeto kwa kasupe. Akazi Nthawi iliyonse ikhoza kubweretsa 1-2 ana, Makilogalamu 2-10 pa aliyense.
Zowonjezeredwa (zofiira)
Ng'ombe yokhotakhota ndi mtundu wina umene ungatsimikizidwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso. Izi zikuphatikizapo mtundu wa malayazomwe zimachokera ku mdima kumbuyo kukafika kumbali kumbali ndi kumera zoyera pa mimba. Komanso, mu chinyama ichi mchira uli ndiubweya wambiri.
Malo ogawanika a nkhwangwa-wamba ndi ochokera ku Mitsinje mpaka ku gombe la Pacific Ocean. Amakhala m'dera lamtunda, taiga ndi madera, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'deralo. Amakonda madera a mdima coniferous taiga.
Palibe deta yolondola yolondola. Zikuoneka kuti sizinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi menyu ena omwe akuimira nyamazi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, mphutsi ndi nthaka.
Iyo imabala nyengo yotentha, nthawi ina imatha kubala ana 8 mpaka 10.
Kutsiliza
Nkhono imapezeka m'mayiko ambiri, okhala m'madera onse a chilengedwe - kuchokera ku tundra kupita ku steppes.
Kukula kwake kumakhala pakati pa 5 mpaka 10 cm, mitundu ina chifukwa cha malo ochepa amapezeka m'mabuku a Red Red.
Zakudya zinyama zonse n'zofanana, ndipo zikuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo, akangaude ndi mphutsi. Kuvulaza munda sikumayambitsa.
Mukufuna kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu yanji ya zowonongeka, momwe mungawachotsere pa dacha, tsatirani chiyanjano.
