Choyamba chinawonekera ku Ulaya pafupifupi zaka 400 zapitazo, orchid yomweyo inagunda amalimi a maluwa ndi kukongola kwake kokongola. Amateurs ndi odziwa bwino wamaluwa sanangoganiza momwe angasamalire chomera chosazolowereka. Koma m'kupita kwanthaŵi, orchids zakhazikika osati m'malo obiriwira, komanso pazenera. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maluwa otenthawa. Lero muphunziranso za mtundu wamaluwa wobiriwira, momwe mungasamalire, momwe mungasinthire, ndi momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda ake.
Kodi maluwa awa ndi chiyani?
Maluwa otchedwa orchids amakhala osatha a herbaceous plants.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikukula m'madera onse a nyengo, koma nthawi zambiri m'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo zozizira komanso zozizira. Koposa zonse, apeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa a orchid ndipo amafotokozedwa m'mayiko a South ndi Central America, komanso Asia.
Maonekedwe
Mitengo ya orchid yobiriwira amaoneka yosasangalatsa, ambiri amaopa kukula nawo kunyumba. Koma maluwa amakula bwino pazenera. Maluwa otchedwa orchid ndi omwe amaimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, yomwe iliyonse imakhala nayo.
Zomera - Phalaenopsis ndi orchids. Mtundu, kukula, nambala ya masamba, kutalika kwa tsinde zimadalira zomera zosiyanasiyana.
Ndi mitundu yanji yobiriwira yobiriwira?
Mtunda ndi mthunzi wosadabwitsa wa maluwa, womwe sungapezedwe m'chilengedwe. Mankhwala a orchids a mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala wobiriwira:
- Amalfi ndi Bellina, mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira wachikasu ndi milomo yofiira.
- Kuwala kobiriViolacea alba.
- Sunrise Goldmour ndi zitsamba zokongola.
- Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum kapena Venerin Slippers ali ndi mitsempha yoyera ndi yobiriwira.
- Ng'ombe yobiriwira yotchedwa Cattleya Bowling4.
- Lute-Forb ndi mapepala ofiira imvi.
- Cymbodium Sessa Green Kukongola pa mndandandawu ndi mtundu wobiriwira, wolemera kwambiri.
Chithunzi
Mapira a orchids amawoneka osazolowereka. Tawonani kukongola kwawo kodabwitsa mu chithunzi pansipa.
Mbiri yobereka
Maluwa okongola omwe anabweretsedwa ku Ulaya adatayika - pa nthawiyo wamaluwa sankadziwa momwe angawasamalire. Koma kuyambira m'ma 1900, kufunikira kwa maluwa kwachuluka kwambiri moti sikunali kokwanira kuitanitsa. Maluwa a orchid ochokera ku mbewu ndiye sankadziwa kukula - maluwa sanali mungu, ndipo tizilombo sitinaloledwe kwa iwo.
Ndiye njira ya hybrids inakhazikitsidwa mwa njira ya pollination - kotero kuti mutha kusamalira makhalidwe anu obadwa nawo. Pakalipano, kuyesera kwa mazana ambiri opanga makina padziko lonse kunapanga mitundu 15,000 yosakanizidwa, yosiyana maonekedwe ndi mtundu - buluu, wofiirira, wobiriwira ndi ena.
Mbali za kukula mu mphika
Chisamaliro
The orchid ayenera kulandira bwino.zomwe zili ndi zinthu zofunika izi:
- Kuthirira mbewu zimayenera kusamala - ndi bwino kupumitsa kuposa kutsanulira. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda, osankhidwa, koma osaphika. Kuthirira bwino kumakhala bwino mukatha kuyanika.
- Maluwa a orchid ayenera kulandira kuwala kokwanira, koma sangathe kuwonetseredwa ndi dzuwa - liyenera kukhala shaded masana. Kwa cymbidium, sankhani mawindo a kum'maŵa, kumadzulo, kapena kumwera chakumadzulo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati kuwala kuli koopsa kwambiri, maluwa ndi masamba amasiya mtundu wawo wobiriwira, kukhala wachikasu.
- Orchids ndi maluwa a thermophilic. Tsimbadium, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imalola kutentha kwambiri mpaka 35-38, koma usiku kutentha kumayenera kuchepa ndi 8-15. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha m'chipindacho ndi maluwa sikuyenera kukwera 18.
- Chinyezi mu chipinda n'chofunikanso. Green orchid safuna mkulu chinyezi - zokwanira 25-30%, nthawizina izo zikhoza kuwonjezeka kufika 35-40%. Pang'ono ndi chinyezi sichivomerezeka - mpweya wouma umayambitsa zomera.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chakudya choyenera cha ma orchid wobiriwira chimapezeka panthawi ya kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. osati kawirikawiri kuposa milungu itatu iliyonse. Chifukwa chaichi, njira zothetsera feteleza zamtundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komanso, njira yapadera ingathe kutsanulira masamba a duwa.
Panthawi yopumula ndi maluwa siletsedwa. Musagonjetsenso njira yothetsera vutoli, mwinamwake gawolo lingakhale saline. Musagwiritsire ntchito fetereza maluwa ena a orchid. Mu sitolo mungagule feteleza feteleza: Kornevin, Royal mix ndi "World of maluwa" Rostagro.
Kuwaza
Maluwa a orchid, monga ena, ayenera kubzalidwa moyenera. Musachite izi ngakhale kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, pokhapokha pali malangizo enieni a matendawa a mizu, zolakwika mu gawo lapansi. Nthawi yabwino imabwera pamene mphukira zatsopano zimakhala 5 cm m'litali. Ndondomeko ya kuzizira ndiyo kumasula orchid ku gawo lakale, kuyendera ndi kudula mizu, kubzala mu nthaka yatsopano. Pambuyo pa kusakanikirana, muyenera kuika maluwa okongola m'malo othuthuka.
Kuswana
Kunyumba, wobiriwira wamaluwa amafalitsa zomera. Kuti muchite izi, shrub yaikulu imagawidwa m'magulu, omwe aliwonse ayenera kukhala ndi ma pseudobulbs atatu. Kwa kuswana, pseudobulbs akale popanda masamba ndi abwino, omwe amalekana ndi kumera mosiyana. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pa kutentha kwa 20-28 ndi kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse mpaka majeremusi awonekera. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimaikidwa mu mphika wosiyana.
Chizindikiro! Kwa wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri, ndibwino kuti musamakula maluwa, chifukwa mungathe kuwononga maluwa a orchid.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Kuwonongeka ndi imfa ya orchid ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe sali othandizidwa chifukwa cha zinthu izi:
- Kutentha kwa masamba chifukwa cha dzuwa;
- kuyendetsa mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa chinyezi;
- kutenthedwa kapena kupitirira muyeso kwa maola oposa 10;
- kusowa kuwala, kuchepetsa chitetezo cha maluwa;
- kuwonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa mchere kumapangitsa kuti maluwa azikhala ndi matenda komanso kuti asiye maluwa.
Mavuto onsewa angayambitse matenda opatsirana. - bowa, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Zowonongeka kwambiri za orchid ndi:
- scythes;
- mulungu;
- aphid;
- thrips;
- zofiira zofiira;
- whiteflies;
- akangaude.
Pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda motsutsana ndi izi, zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malangizo omwe akuwonetsedwa.
Kutsiliza
Orchid ndi chomera chokha. palokha, ndi zobiriwira pakati pawo ziri ngati ngale pakati pa miyala. Chosazolowereka, chachilendo, chokongola, chokhala ndi orchid chobiriwira sichinyalanyazidwa. Samalani mbewu yanu bwino ndikutha kukongola kwake kwa zaka zambiri.
