Mbalame yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala ku France - Bere Bosc

Peyala - chikhalidwe chotchuka kwambiri ndipo chimakula kwambiri m'madera akumidzi ndi m'minda.

Pakati pa mitundu yambiri, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi yokonda kwambiri imaonekera.

Mmodzi mwa mitundu imeneyi ndi peyala ya Bere Bosk.

Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?

Bere Bosk ndi ya m'dzinja pakati pa nyengo zosiyanasiyana, zipatso zimayamba kuphuka pakati pa mwezi wa September. Osati chisanu chokanika, champhamvu ndi thermophilic. Mawonedwe a table akuyenera kuti atsitsidwe.

Karataevskaya, Vernaya, Kupava, Forest Beauty ndi Muscovite nayenso ndi ya autumn mitundu.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Izi ndizosiyana zakale zachi French zimene zikuwerengabebe. kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII. Anagulidwa pofesa mbewu zosadziwika pamalo omwe amatchedwa Apremont ili ku France.

Ophunzirawo adalandira dzina pofuna kulemekeza katswiri wa apolisi a Bosk. Kuphatikiza pa dzina lovomerezeka, zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwanso Botolo, Bere Alexander, Bere, Bere Apremont.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka kwambiri ku Russia ku North Caucasus ndi ku Krasnodar Territory. Komanso wotchuka m'mayiko akale a CIS, monga Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine ndi ena.

Ku Central Russia, okondedwa Yakovlev, Cosmic, Autumn Yakovlev, Kumbukirani Yakovlev ndi Limonka amamva bwino.

Bere Bosc

Mtengo wa zosiyanasiyana kukula mofulumira. Ndibwino amafika kukula kwakukulu m'kanthawi kochepa.

Ukulu wa Crohn ndi wosasintha, akusowa kudulira nthawi zonse. Nthambi zowonongeka sizimasiyana mofanana ndi nthawi yambiri yopanga korona yaikulu ya pyramidal.

Makungwa pa mphukira ndi yofiirira ndi imvi pachimake. Mphukirazo ndi zapakatikati ndi makulidwe omwe zimakanikizidwa. Chechevichek zambiri ndipo ndizochepa.

Masamba ali ndi mdima wandiweyani, mawonekedwe ovoid ndi chizindikiro chowoneka bwino. Kuda kwa tsamba la masamba ndilopakati, m'mphepete mwawo ndi kosalala, olimba, nsonga ndizochepa. Petioles posakhalitsa, pafupifupi pafupifupi 1 masentimita.

Maluwawo ndi aakulu, amphongo aang'ono, ochepa kwambiri. Mu inflorescences kuchokera maluwa 10 mpaka 20.

Maluwa a mtengo amapezeka masika kumapeto kwake, kupeŵa kuopseza.

Mtundu uwu wa zipatso kukula kwakukulu kwambiri, kulemera kwake komwe kuli 180 g, ndi kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 250 g

Maonekedwe a chipatso amasiyanasiyana ndi oblong kapena botolo. Ndipo ngakhale zipatso za mtengo umodzi zingakhale zooneka mosiyana.

Peyala khungu Bere Bosk ndi wochepa kwambiri, wovuta kwambiri, panthawi yoyamba yakusanduka mtundu wa "dzimbiri". Panthawi yosungirako, chipatso chimasintha mtundu wa golide-mkuwa.

Tsinde ndi lopindika, lalitali ndi lolimba. Mthunziwu umakhala wosawonekera. Mbewu ndizochepa, zili mu chisa chowoneka ngati babu.

Zizindikiro

Mtengowo umayamba kubereka zipatso pa 6-8 mutabzala. Amayambitsidwa ndi mbewu zokha kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mbande za mitundu yolima kwambiri.

Mtengo wa zaka 17-18 umabweretsa zokolola 80-100 c / ha, Zaka 30 mtengo - kale makilogalamu 180 / ha.

Zokolola zapamwamba zimasonyezedwa ndi mitundu ya peyala yotere: Oryol Kukongola, Hera, Rogneda, Nthano za Fairy ndi Memory Of Zhegalov.

Kupsa kwathunthu kumachitika pakati pa mwezi wa September kuyambira nambala 5 mpaka 15.

Zipatso zikumera mosagwirizana, koma zimatha kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kupachika pansi pamapando ngakhale mphepo yamphamvu.

ZOCHITA: Kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotsika kwambiri chisanu kukana.

Mitengo ili mu chitetezo chokwanira kuchokera ku chisanu kokha m'mikhalidwe ya dera la Krasnodar kapena pa Gombe la Black Sea. M'madera ena, kutentha kwa subzero kuli mkati 28-30 madigiri akhoza kuwononga mtengo njira yonse mpaka ku mizu.

Elena, Nika, Carmen, Fancy Efimova ndi Dessert Rossoshanskaya kusonyeza bwino chisanu kukana.

Malinga ndi zizindikiro izi, zosiyanasiyana Bere Bosc ndizo ku nyengo yozizira kwambiri-yolimba ya mapeyala. Komanso, mtengo wa zosiyanasiyanazi umawoneka kulekerera kwa chilala. Kuyenda ndi kusunga zipatso ndi zabwino.

Koma ndi nthawi yayitali mu firiji, zipatso zimataya zokoma zawo, mnofu wa chikondi umakhala wouma komanso wouma.

Pollination kalasi yaulere. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, mazira ochuluka a chipatso pa tsamba lanu, kapena nthawi zovuta kwambiri, m'dera lapafupi muyenera kukhala ndi mitundu ya mungu.

Amatengedwa kuti ndiwo opanga mungu wosiyanasiyana pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: Bere Napoleon, Williams, Bere Ardanpon, Bon Louise.

Mtengo wonsewo ndi wodzichepetsa pa zochitika zomwe zimakula ndi nthaka.

Imamera bwino ndipo imabala zipatso pamtunda wambiri wa mchenga.

Zokometsera ndi zokoma zipatso zoyembekezeredwa 4.8 mfundo pa mlingo wa mfundo zisanu.

Peyala ili ndi mchere wobiriwira wokoma kwambiri.

Pano zolemba za amondi ndi fungo lonunkhira.

REFERENCE: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Bere Bosk yakhala ikugwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza ndipo ndiyo maziko a mitundu yambiri yolima. Pa mitundu 20 yazing'ono, 7 zimatulutsidwa: Bergamot, Svarog, Tikhonovka, Verbena, Amber Black Sea.

Makhalidwe a chipatso:

Chithunzi

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Nthawi yabwino yobzala mbande ndi yophukira. Ngati mukufuna, mungathe kubzala mitengo yaying'ono kumapeto kwa nyengo, koma alimi odziwa bwino kondani nyengo ya m'dzinja.

Peyala ndi chomera cha thermophilic ndipo amakonda dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, malo okwera malo ayenera kukhala bwino atetezedwa ku mphepo.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala mchenga ndi dziko lapansi lakuda. Ngati palibe, ndiye kuti dziko lapansi lakuda liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku dzenje likadzala.

Ngati mmera suli wofanana kapena pali mbewu zina zapafupi pafupi, ndiye muyenera kulingalira mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo yoyandikana nayo, sayenera kukhala osachepera mamita asanu.

Peyala Bere Bosk ndi mtengo wamtali kwambiri ndipo uli ndi malo kukula molimba mu msinkhu ndi m'lifupi, Choncho, iyenera kupereka malo okwanira.

Chombo chotsetsereka chimapangidwa pafupifupi mita imodzi. m'mimba mwake ndi 60-70 cm chakuya. Koma ena odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza dzenje lakuya kuti achite chimodzimodzi. osachepera mita imodzi.

Kukonzekera kwa dzenje kumachitika masabata awiri musanadzalemo.

ZOCHITA: Ngati Bere Bosc chomera chomera sichipezeka mu kugwa kapena kasupe, mmerawo uyenera kukhala ndi dothi lalikulu la malo oyamba.

Dothi lakuda laikidwa pansi pa dzenje, ndipo nthaka yosankhidwa imasakanizidwa bwino ndi feteleza. Kenaka m'kati mwa dzenje muli mtunda wa nthaka yokonzedwa ndipo mmera umayikidwa pa izo.

Mizu pambali iyenera kuyendetsedwa. Pafupi ndi mtengo muyenera kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kumangiriza ku thunthu. Atatha kugona ndikuwongolera bwino.

Gulu laling'ono liyenera kupangidwa kuzungulira mtengo kuti imwe madzi mukamamwetsa ndikutsanulira pang'onopang'ono zidebe ziwiri zamadzi. Dothi liyenera kukonzedwa ndi mulch.

REFERENCE: Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi kuthirira kwambiri, monga Bere Bosk sichilola chilala.

Kusamalira mtengo wobzalidwa kumachitika mkati kuthirira bwino 4 pa mwezi. Ndiye mtengo umathirira katatu pa nyengo, koma mochuluka.

Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuchokera pa chitsime kapena chitsime cha ulimi wothirira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuchokera mu mbiya kapena munda wamtundu pamtundu uwu.

Ndikoyenera kuthirira mtengo molingana ndi umphawi wa nthaka. Ngati pali nkhwangwa za nettle kapena burdock, dothi ndi lachonde ndipo silimasowa kudyetsa kwina.

Nthawi zina feteleza ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira katatu pa chaka. Monga lamulo, feteleza awa amakhala ndi urea, superphosphate, organics ndi potaziyamu.

Bere Bosk ndi mtundu wa peyala ndi kukula kwam'tchire, choncho kudulira mtengo kuyenera kupatsidwa chidwi chapadera.

Malamulo ochepa adzakwanira:

• Zima kawiri pachaka.
• Nthambi zimayenera kuchitidwa kutalika kwake, motalika kwambiri kudula.
• Kuloledwa kuchotsedwa kwa mphukira zazing'ono, monga tizilombo timene timatha kukhala ndi nyengo yozizira kumeneko.
• Nthambi za m'munsi sizidulidwa.

Ndikofunika kugwira ntchito ndi mitsuko yakuthwa, kumbali yeniyeni, ndikuphimba malo ochezera ndi mchere wamaluwa.
Mtengo wa Mtengo ndi waufupi, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira mukhoza kuliphimba.

Phimbani korona ndi brushwood ndi kukulunga mbiyayo ndi zinthu zowononga.

Ndipo pamene chivundikiro cha chipale chowonekera chimaonekera, tchulani mosamala mtengowu ndi chipale chofewa, makamaka mtengo wa mtengo.

Koma kenako, mtengo ukafika mamita ochepa, Zidzakhala zokwanira kuika thunthu yekha.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Kuti mtengo ubale zipatso zabwino, ziyenera kukhala zabwino. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yovuta kukanika ndi nthendayi ndi matenda a fungal.

Koma, monga mitundu ina ya peyala ndizosavuta matenda manilioz, khansa yakuda, dzimbiri, powdery mildew, cytosporosis.

Phunzirani zonse za matenda a peyala: Bakiteriya yotentha, //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Rust.

Chiyeso choyamba chopewa matenda chidzakhala kasupe woyendera mitengo ndi chithandizo cha thunthu lozungulira ndi yankho la urea ndi Bordeaux osakaniza.
Zina zonse zotsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi awa:

• Kufufuza mitengo nthawi zonse pofuna kuwononga kapena matenda.
• Kupewa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamaso budding, pa maluwa ndi pa kutsanulira chipatso.
• Pamene matenda akupezeka, kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yake kwa zipatso zowonongeka, makungwa ndi masamba.

Tizilombo towononga peyala ndi:

• Hawthorn
• Shchitovka
• Zipatso mite
• Medianitsa
• Weevil
• Mphepete mwazitsulo
• Moth

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumathandiza kuti mtengo usasokonezeke, koma ndibwino kuti tipewe njira zothandizira.

Mitundu ya Larinska, Perun, Duchesse, Lyra ndi Lel ali ndi matenda abwino.

Masamba pafupi ndi mtengo wa autumn ndi nyengo yozizira amapezeka ngati malo otchedwa hibernation kwa tizilombo zambiri. Kumba kosavuta kukuthyola kusungunula tizilombo, ndipo iwo amafa kuchokera ku chisanu cha chisanu.

Tizilombo tina timayang'anitsitsa nthambi zomwe zimakhala ndi ma cocoons. Popanda masamba, amawoneka bwino. Makoti amafunika kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha.

Makungwawo amakhalanso malo okhala nkhupakupa ndi chitetezo cha tizilombo. Ngati onjezerani zina za fungicides ku laimu loyera mu kugwa, ndiye imfa ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imatsimikizika.

Bere Bosk ndizosiyana, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta komanso zosamalidwa bwino, zimakondweretsa mwiniwakeyo ndi zipatso zabwino ndi mapeyala olemera.

Penyani kanema momwe mungachitire mitengo kuchokera ku tizirombo.