Chomera, chimene tikambirana m'nkhaniyi, m'mayiko ambiri ndi osowa. Zhiryanka ndi ya mitundu yowonongeka ya zomera ndipo imatetezedwa ndi lamulo. Kutetezedwa kwalamulo kwa zitsamba ku Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania ndi Latvia. Kuti mumvetse zambiri zokhudza moyo wa Zhyryanka zakutchire, za mitundu yake ndi maina, werengani zolemba zathu.
Zhyryanka wamba (Pinguicula vulgaris L.)
Zhiryanka wamba ndi mbewu yosatha ya herbaceous ya Zhiryanka, banja la Bubyl.
Ndikofunikira! Mosiyana ndi zomera zina za banja la Bubyl, mitundu yonse ya Zhyryanka imayambira kwenikweni. Komabe, chikhalidwe chofunikira pa kukula kwa zhiryanka ndi nyengo yabwino. Apo ayi, chomeracho chimapanga mizu yofooka kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yosavuta.
Habitat: Mphepete mwa mvula ndi madera a m'madera ozungulira, madera ndi nthaka yonyowa m'mapiri.
Kufalitsa: Europe, Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia, Alaska.
Maluwa: June-August.
Kufotokozera: chomeracho chili ndi mizu yambiri (5-15 cm). Udzu wautali ndi masentimita 5-25. Masambawo ndi basal (basal, sessile), ali pansi, 2 cm masentimita, 1-2 masentimita m'lifupi. Ndi zophweka kuzindikira mafuta omwe amapezeka kuti amapezeka mumtundu waukulu, wooneka ngati wamtundu, wobiriwira, komanso wothandizira komanso wochepa. Zimayambira ndizitali (5-17 cm wamtali). Calyx imakhala ndi ubweya waubweya. Inflorescence wosakwatira. Nkhuku zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Kuwona masambawo kunavumbula tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi zowonongeka zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimawoneka kuti zimamatira pamwamba pa tsamba. Zhiryanka wamba ndi mitundu ina yonse ya zomera izi zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mwasankha kuyika Zhyryanka m'munda mwanu kapena kunyumba, nkofunika kudziwa kuti chomerachi ndizopweteka. OkhazikikaIsh Zyryanka - uwu ndi msampha wa tizilombo. Madzi ndi mchere wapadera omwe ali m'masamba amakopa tizilombo tochepa. Pamene tizilombo timasonkhana pa udzu pamwamba pake, masamba amachoka m'mphepete mpaka pakati ndikudya tizilombo.
Chophika cha Alpine (Pinguicula alpina L.)
Alpine zhiryanka - chomera chimodzi, chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo.
Kufotokozera: Mosiyana ndi Zhyryanka wamba, pedicel wa chomeracho ndi chachidule. Tsinde la rhizome, lofiirira; Mizu yodzikongoletsa imakhala yotumbululuka ndi chikasu chimodzi cha masamba m'munsi. Kutalika kwa mbeu - 5-15 masentimita. Masambawo amakhala osiyana, omwe ali pamunsi, 4-5 pamtunda umodzi, mpaka masentimita 4 m'mimba mwake, ali ndi matope okhwima pamwamba. Mtundu wa masambawo umasiyana ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira ndi wakuda wakufi ndi pinki. Maluwa amodzi otchedwa white suhale ndi oyera ndi mungu wonyezimira.
Kufalitsa ndi malo: Chomeracho ndi thermophilic. Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi miyala m'katikati mwa mapiri. Alpine zhiryanka ndi mtundu wa zhiryanki wa ku Ulaya ndi wa Siberia, womwe umapezeka m'madera akumpoto ndi kumapiri.
Maluwa: Nthawi zambiri Mphukira yatsopano imayamba nthawi imodzi.
Mukudziwa? Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, alpine zyryanka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chomeracho chili ndi chlorophyll komanso amalandira zakudya kuchokera ku photosynthesis.
Gypsum Toaster (Pinguicula gypsicola)
Kufotokozera: rhizome ndi yosavuta, yochepa, koma pali miyendo yambiri yotchuka ya filiform. Masamba ambiri a basal ali ndi makina ooneka bwino komanso ooneka ngati maonekedwe ozungulira (1.5-8 cm kutalika, 2-3.5 mm m'lifupi). Pedicle akhazikika; duwa ili ndi mtundu wofiirira. Chotsitsacho chimagawidwa pamilomo yapamwamba ndi yotsika; nsalu zofiirira. Dera la corolla likuchokera 2 mpaka 2.5 masentimita.
Kufalitsa ndi malo: Mexico ndi malo omwe anabadwira, omwe amapezeka ku Brazil. Mtundu uwu wa Zhyryanka unayamba kupezedwa ndikufufuzidwa mu 1910 pafupi ndi miyala ya gypsum yomwe ili ku San Luis (1300 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja). Mu 1991, adatchedwa dzina lake ndipo anayamba kulima ku Ulaya. Malo okhala ndi gypsum zhiryanka amafuna mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane. Chilengedwe chomera chomerachi ndi mapiri aatali: udzu umakula mumapangidwe a crystalline kapena m'magawo ochepa a nthaka.
Amakondera mbali yambiri ya phiri, akuyang'ana chakumpoto kapena kumpoto chakumadzulo, popeza kuti madzi akumwa kuchokera pansi ndi otsika ndipo kutentha kuli kochepa. Komabe, nthawi zina chomeracho chimapezeka kumalo osungirako azing'ono. Nthawi yadzuwa (kuyambira ku December mpaka June), zomera zimalandira chinyezi chokha kuyambira m'mawa. Pakati pa August ndi November, pali mvula yambiri, koma phirilo limakhalanso ndi chinyezi, chomwe chimapatsa chomera ndi kudyetsa kwina.
Maluwa: kuyambira June mpaka November (malingana ndi chinyezi cha nthaka); pachimake chingayambe mtsogolo.
Kugawidwa kwazitsamba (Pinguicula cyclosecta)
Zhiryanka zagawanika - mtundu wosavuta wa Zhiryanka.
Kufotokozera: Zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yozungulira, masamba obiriwira otsekemera. Masamba ambiri amasonkhanitsidwa mumtunda wandiweyani. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 20, kutalika kwa pedicle ndi masentimita 12. Chimake ndi chobvuta kwambiri, chofiira ndi mtundu. Rhizome yochepa, yosavuta, ndi miyendo yambiri yotchuka ya filiform. Zomerazi zimafuna mchere. Choncho, monga mitundu yambiri ya Zhyryanka, chomerachi chimagwiritsa ntchito masamba ake monga Velcro kuti amenyane ndi tizilombo (kuti tiwonjezere zakudya zoperewera).
Kufalitsa: Mexico ndi malo obadwira a Zhiryanka. Kutchire, kumatha kumera m'nkhalango: pa miyala yamwala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Nthawi zina zimamera m'madera ambiri ndi mitsinje yambiri kapena pamapangidwe (kumtunda kwa miyala).
Chombo cha Morani (Pinguicula moranensis)
Zyryanka Moranskaya - osatha zomera zosautsa. 
Kufotokozera: M'chilimwe, chomerachi chimapanga kanyumba kakang'ono ka masamba mpaka masentimita 10 m'litali, omwe ali ndi mazira a mucous. Monga mitundu ina, a Morani zhiryanka amadyetsa tizilombo. Zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa zakudya zomwe zilipo m'nthaka. M'nyengo yozizira, Morani zhiryanka amataya malo ake ndipo amawoneka ngati chomera chochepa. Maluwawo ali ndi pinki kapena mthunzi wofiira, womwe umakhala wofanana ndi masentimita 25. Chomeracho chimamasula kawiri pachaka.
Kufalitsa ndi malo: Mitundu iyi inapezeka koyamba ku Mexico mu 1799. Mpaka lero, zomera zimakula ku Mexico, komanso ku Guatemala. Chimake cha Morani chimakula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mukudziwa? Mwa mitundu yonse ya mtundu wa Zhiryanka, wotchuka kwambiri pa kulima kunyumba ndi fatfish ya Moran. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mbewuyi ili ndi masamba akuluakulu, owala, ofunda komanso okongola kwambiri.
Tsamba la Zhiryanka (Pinguicula planifolia)
Kufotokozera: zhiryanka mapaipi apakati a mitundu ina amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wa masamba a maroon. Zitsanzo zina zingakhale ndi mitundu yowala (chifukwa cha kusakwana kwa dzuwa). Mzere wamkati ndi 12.5 cm; kutalika kwa pedicel - masentimita 12. Mtundu wa maluwawo umasiyana ndi pinkish-wofiirira womwe umakhala woyera. Maluwawo ndi ochepa, koma amatha kufika masentimita awiri. Kuti duwa likatsegulire pambali pake, zomera zimasowa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa masiku angapo. Mazira a udzu amawoneka wofiira kwambiri.
Habitat: Mkazi wamtundu wamtundu wotere amakonda malo omwe amadziwa kwambiri. Chiphalala chimatha kupezeka m'madzi ozizira ngati malo otsetsereka, mathithi, malo odyera.
Kufalitsa: kufalikira kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Mtundu uwu wa Zhiryanka umachokera ku USA (mbali yakumwera chakumwera); kawirikawiri amapezeka ku France.
Maluwa: March mpaka April, malingana ndi kutentha.
Zopseza: Chomeracho chimaopsezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malowa, kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito za anthu.
Zyryanka Wallisnerielistnaya (Pinguicula vallisneriifolia)
Mafuta-claret valleus ndi mtundu wina wa zomera zosokoneza za banja la Bubyllate.
Kufalitsa ndi malo: chomera chimakhala m'malo amdima ndi malo amchere amtunda wa mamita 600-1700 pamwamba pa nyanja. Udzu wosatha umakonda lonyowa, koma wotetezedwa m'madera mwachindunji mphepo. Zhirinka vallysenelistnaya yapezeka m'mapiri a Spain.
Kufotokozera: duwa ndi lofiira lofiirira kapena lofiirira, kawirikawiri loyera kapena lofiira. Madzi otentha amatha kutalika kwa 15-22 mm. Masamba a basal ali ndi masentimita 12.5, kutalika masentimita 12; Mtundu wa chikwamacho ndi terracotta,
Maluwa: Common Wall masamba maluwa nthawi zambiri limamasula mu May kapena oyambirira June.
Kulima: Kulima kotalika kudzakhala ntchito yovuta. Zinthu zoyenera kuti zikule ndizo: chinyezi chabwino, kutentha kwakukulu ndi nyali ya UV.
Zhirianka nitelist (Pinguicula filifolia)
Zyryanka zylelistnaya - osatha chomera, kachilombo kena kena ka Zyryanka.
Kufalitsa: Zyryanka nitylistnaya imaphatikizapo chilengedwe chokwanira kuposa mitundu ina. Zimapezeka makamaka kumadzulo kwa Cuba ndi madera ena oyandikana nawo. Zyryanka nitelist inapezeka koyamba mu 1866.
Chikhalidwe ndi zamoyo: Zyryanka filamentous ikukula pafupi ndi nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Grass imakula m'mapampu ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka. Komabe, nyengo youma, imene imakhala kuyambira November mpaka April, zomera izi zimayima mokwanira.
Kufotokozera: kutalika kwa masamba a Zhiryanka filamentous - 4-6 mm, m'lifupi - 1-1,5 mm. Mofanana ndi zomera zambiri zamtengo wapatali, chomera chotenthachi chimagwiritsira ntchito mapepala ake pamitengo kuti agwire tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mungu ndi zina zowonongeka kuti zithandize zakudya zake. Msuti uli ndi madigiri a 8-10 mm. Malo amodzi amakhala ndi masamba 4-6. Maluwa onse ali ndi mapaundi asanu. Mtundu wa maluwawo umasiyana ndi woyera mpaka wachikasu, kuchokera ku buluu mpaka kufiira.
Maluwa: nyengo yamaluwa imapezeka makamaka m'nyengo ya chilimwe (July, August), koma zomera zimatha pachimake chaka chonse.
Zopseza: Chifukwa chokhala nthawi zonse m'nyanja, mafuta amawombera nthawi zambiri akuwopsya. Pamene minofu ya mafuta imakula, masamba a masamba amawonekera. Malo owongoka ameneĊµa amamuthandiza kupewa matenda ovunda ndi ovunda.
Mbalame ya violet (Pinguicula ionantha)
Zyryanka violet ndi mitundu yochepa ya zomera za banja la Bubyllate.
Kufotokozera: Chomera chosathachi chotchedwa herbaceous chomera chimapangidwa ndi rosette ya masamba ofiira owala ndi mitsempha yambiri. Masamba, aliyense mpaka masentimita 8 m'litali, amadzazidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba. Maluwawo ndi ofiirira kwambiri. Chokhacho chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira kumbuyo. Pakatikati mwa duwa ili ndi nsalu zachikasu kapena zofiira. Zovalazo zimakhala ndi tsitsi loyera.
Nthawi yamaluwaine: February-April.
Habitat: udzu wapezeka ku USA. Amamera m'mapampu, mathithi akuya, madontho ozizira. M'mayiko ambiri, mafuta a zitsamba zotchedwa violet amawerengedwa ngati zamoyo zowonongeka. Choopsya ku chomera ndi moto wamoto. Kuwonjezera apo, chilala cha nthawi yaitali chingachepetse chiwerengero cha zomera.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale nPambuyo mvula yamvula, pokhala pansi pa madzi kwa masiku angapo, mafuta a zitsamba amakhala ndi moyo.
Crystal fatfish (Pinguicula crystallina)
FCrystal White - chomera chomaliza pa mndandanda wathu kuchokera ku Zhiryanka.
Makhalidwe: Mbewu yokhwima imakhala ndi masamba asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi anayi owala bwino (masamba 1.5 cm mpaka 3 cm m'litali ndi 1 masentimita m'lifupi). Maonekedwe a masamba amasiyana ndi over-oblong. Maluwawo ali ndi mtundu wa buluu kapena wa pinki woyera. Mphunoyi imatha kukhala masentimita awiri.
Kufalitsa ndi malo: Ku Cyprus amaonedwa kuti ndiwo malo omwe anabadwira, koma zolemba zakale zimatsimikizira kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba, crystal crystal lard inapezeka m'madera a masiku ano a Turkey. Mbewu imeneyi imapezanso kum'mwera kwa Italy, ku Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, ku Albania, ndi ku Girisi. Crystal Zhirin amasankha miyala ya miyala yamchere, makoma a miyala, komanso mathithi kapena malo odyera. Kulima mitunduyi si kophweka. Chomeracho chimaonekera ku chisanu ndi chisanu.
Mukudziwa? Mpaka chaka cha 1991, Pinguicula crystallina ndi Pinguicula hirtiflora ankaonedwa ngati mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Komabe, maphunziro obwerezabwereza ankachitidwa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zomera ziwirizi n'zogwirizana kwambiri ndipo siziyenera kuonedwa ngati mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Tsopano Pinguicula hirtiflora sichilinso mitundu yosiyana, ndiyo subspecies ya Zhiryanka crystal.
Anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu amadziwa mafuta. Tsopano, komabe, ngati mungakumanepo ndi udzu wakutchire ndi udzu ndi kukongola kwake, mumatha kuizindikira mosavuta, ndipo mwina mungafune kukula pawindo lanu.
