Sarracenia

Mndandanda wa sarracenium

Zomera za banja la Sarratsin zimatchedwa zomera zowonongeka. Amatha kugwira tizilombo ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono mothandizidwa ndi masamba osinthidwa. Kuwombera nyama kumatuluka mothandizidwa ndi ma enzyme. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo chowonjezerapo cha zakudya, popanda zomwe kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera sichitha kudutsa. Taganizirani kodi sarrasenia, iye kufotokoza ndi mndandanda.

Banja: Sarrasenie

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwawo kwakukulu ndi kukula kwakukulu, sarrasenie ndi ena mwa zomera zomwe zimafala kwambiri. Banja la Sarratseniyev limagwirizanitsa mitundu itatu ya zomera zoyandikana kwambiri:

  • mtundu Darlingtonia (Darlingtonia) Zimaphatikizapo mitundu 1 - darlingtonia californian (D. californica);
  • mtundu wa Heliamphorus (Heliamphora) imaphatikizapo mitundu 23 ya zomera za ku South America;
  • mtundu Sarracenia (Sarracenia) kuphatikizapo mitundu khumi.

Darlingtonia California imakula m'madzi a kumpoto kwa America ndipo imakhala ndi tsinde lalitali. Masamba ake amafanana ndi maonekedwe a chimanga ndipo akhoza kukhala wachikasu kapena wofiira. Pamwamba pa chomeracho muli mawonekedwe a jug wa mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka 60 masentimita. Chomeracho chimatulutsa fungo lakuthwa lomwe limakopa tizilombo. Mukakhala mumsampha, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kuthawa ndipo timakumbidwa ndi kutaya kwa mbewu. Mwanjira imeneyi imabweretsanso zakudya zofunikira zomwe nthakayo ilibe.

Rod Heliamphorus limaphatikizapo zomera zomwe zimatchedwa marsh kapena maluwa a madzi a dzuwa omwe amakula ku Venezuela, kumadzulo kwa Guyana, kumpoto kwa Brazil. Iwo amadziwika ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono mu inflorescences. Chifukwa cha chisinthiko, zomera za mtundu uwu zinaphunzira momwe angapezere zinthu zothandiza popha tizilombo ndi kulamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi mumsampha wawo. Mitundu yambiri ya mtundu uwu imagwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriya othandizira kuti azidya chakudya, ndipo Heliamphora tatei amapanga mavitamini ake enieni. George Bentham mu 1840 anafotokoza mtundu woyamba (H. Nutans) wa zomera za mtundu uwu.

Genus: sarratseniya

Sarracenia ndi chomera chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amafanana ndi maluwa. Zili zazikulu, zokha, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ali ndizowonjezera pamwamba. Chingwe chofiira chafiira pamtunda wobiriwira kapena wachikasu ndi fungo lonunkhira kukoka tizilombo. Gawo lirilonse la pepala liri ndi mbali zake zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Kunja ndi malo otetezera tizilombo. Komanso m'kamwa mwawo muli glands.

Mbali yamkati imakhala ndi tsitsi lakuthwa likuloza pansi. Izi zimathandiza tizilombo kuti tilowe mkati, koma zimakhala zovuta kuti atulukemo. Mbali ya pansi ya duwa ili ndi madzi omwe imamira. Maselo obzala amatulutsa mavitamini a m'mimba. Pali palinso mtundu wina wa maselo omwe amatenga mbali zogawikana. Motero, chomeracho chimabweretsa ziphuphu zake ndi nkhokwe ya nayitrogeni, calcium, magnesium ndi potassium.

Asayansi atsimikizira kuti maselo a epidermal m'munsi mwa madzi a kakombo amakhala ndi mphamvu zotsekemera mankhwala. Chifukwa cha izi, ziwalo zomwe zinagwetsedwa pansi pa tizilombo ta lily pafupifupi sizimatulutsa fungo. Ngati jug ili ndi pakamwa pamwamba, ndiye madzi omwe ali pakati ndi madzi a mvula, koma ngati aphimbidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi kutuluka, ndiye madzi amamasulidwa ndi chomera.

Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito zomera izi ngati ziweto, ndikuwombera tizilombo zomwe sizilonda. Tizilombo tina tazolowera moyo mkati mwa maluwa a sarrasenia. Amamasula zinthu zomwe zimatsutsa madzi a m'mimba. Izi zikuphatikizapo njenjete usiku ndi mphutsi zake, mphutsi za nyama, ntchentche, omwe amatha kumanga zisa mkati.

Mitundu ya sarracenium

Taganizirani mitundu yambiri ya sarracenia, yomwe imalimidwa ndikupeza malo awo pazenera zathu.

Ndikofunikira! N'zosatheka kudyetsa chomera ndi feteleza, chimatha kufa. Kudyetsa n'kofunikira kuti tizitha tizilombo tochepa.

Sarracenia woyera-leaved (Sarracenia leucophylla)

Mitundu imeneyi imakula kummawa kwa kumpoto kwa gombe la Gulf of Mexico. Ndi chomera chofewa komanso chokongola kwambiri. Maluwa a madzi omwe amakhala ndi mzere wofiira kapena wobiriwira. Pakati pa maluwa nyengo imakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ofiira. Amakonda malo otsetsereka a m'mapiri ndi chinyezi cha 60%. Kuchokera mu 2000, chitetezedwa ngati zamoyo zowonongeka.

Ndikofunikira! Kubalana kwa sarration ndi mbeu ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa kukonzekera kozizira kwa masabata 4 mpaka 8, mwinamwake iwo sadzaphuka.

Sarracenia psittacin (Sarracenia psittacina)

Mwachilengedwe, imakula m'mayiko akummwera-kum'mwera kwa America ndi kum'mwera kwa Mississippi. Mtengo wa chomerawu uli ndi mawonekedwe a claw ndi maonekedwe ofanana ndi maonekedwe. Maluwa a maluwa amenewa ndi ofiira, pafupifupi wakuda. Chivindikiro chimakwirira chipikacho ndipo sichilola kuti chidzadze ndi madzi amvula. Amamera m'madera otsika, komwe kumagwa madzi osefukira pamvula yamvula. Hood samateteza pansi pa madzi. Chivindikirocho chimapanga kanjira kolowera kolowera kutsogolo mu chubu chophimbidwa ndi tsitsi. Chingwe chaching'ono chimapangidwira tadpoles. Akasambira, sangathe kutuluka. Njira yokha ndiyo kupita patsogolo, pansi pa chingwecho. Chomeracho chimakonda kuwala kwambiri ndipo chimatha kukula monga chomera chakumadzulo kapena zenera lakumwera.

Sarracenia wofiira (Sarracenia rubra)

Sarration iyi ndi mitundu yosawerengeka. Kutalika kwa zomera - kuyambira 20 mpaka 60 cm. Chinthu chosiyana ndi kupezeka kwa milomo yofiira. Zimakopa tizilombo. Mtundu wa masambawo umasintha kuchokera ku red-burgundy kukhala wofiira. Mu kasupe, chomerachi chimamera ndi maluwa owala ofiira omwe amakhala ndi mazitali aatali.

Mukudziwa? Kuthirira mbewu panyumba n'kofunikira kuti dothi lisaume. Pachifukwachi, mphika ukhoza kuikidwa mu poto ndi dothi losakanizidwa. Kupopera mbewu sarratseniyu n'zosatheka, chifukwa mapepala amakhalabe matayala.

Sarracenia purpurea (Sarracenia purpurea)

Mwachilengedwe, imakula kummaŵa kwa America ndi Canada ndipo ndi mitundu yamba. Mitunduyi inayambika mumtsinje wa Central Ireland ndipo inagwidwa bwino. Mmerawu uli ndi maluŵa ofiira kapena obiriwira-obiriwira omwe amakula mu kasupe ndi fungo lokoma la violets.

Masamba a msampha wa purpurea wofiira nthawi zambiri amadzizidwa mumsasa. Choncho Nkhumba zimangokhala zinyama zokha, komanso zokwawa. Madzi amvula samakhudza mavitamini a m'mimba.

Chizoloŵezi chosafalikira cha purpurea ndi chakuti sichimapanga mavitamini kuti azidya nyama, koma akadali nyama. Pamphepete mwa chivindikiro chake timapanga ndipo tsitsi limakula. Koma akusowa thandizo kuti adye nyama. Nkhuku zitha kumira ndikupita pansi. Ndipo pamenepo mphutsi ngati njoka za udzudzu wa Metrioknemus zimawadya, zimataya tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono m'madzi. Pamwamba pawo pali mphutsi za Vayomaya udzudzu. Amadyetsa tizilombo tating'ono ndikupanga madzi ambiri. Mphutsi imatulutsa zinyalala mumadzi, zomwe zimayamwa ndi zomera. Chilengedwe ndi chosiyana chifukwa mitundu yonse ya mphutsi imapezeka mu zomera zokha.

Sarracenia wachikasu (Sarracenia flava)

Chomeracho chinayamba kufotokozedwa mu 1753 ndi katswiri wasayansi wa ku Sweden Carl Linnaeus. M'chilengedwe, amapezeka ku United States pa nthaka ya phulusa ndi m'maphala.

Sarratseniya chikasu chimakhala ndi maluwa a masamba ofiira a mtundu wobiriwira omwe ali ndi mitsempha yofiira, yomwe nthiti za 60-70 masentimita zapamwamba zimatchulidwa. Maluwa okongola omwe ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa amaikidwa pamtambo wambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi March-April. Nkhono zili ndi chivindikiro chopanda madzi, chomwe chimalepheretsa madzi kulowa mkati. Nectar imatha kuwononga tizilombo. Kunyumba, pokhala madzi okwanira ndi kusamalira bwino, mbewuyo ikhoza kukhala popanda zovala zapamwamba ndi tizilombo.

Mukudziwa? M'magulu ndi ziwalo za nthaka za mitundu ina ya sarracenium, alkaliid sarracenin inapezeka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito mankhwala.

Sarracenia wamng'ono (Sarracenia wamng'ono)

Mitundu imeneyi inafotokozedwa mu 1788 ndi Thomas Walter. Chomera chochepa, 25-30 masentimita wamtali, ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa jug ndi wofiira wofiira pamwamba. Maluwa amapezeka mu March ndi May. Maluwa ndi achikasu popanda kununkhiza. Chokongola ndi cha nyerere. Chomerachi chili ndi malo okhala pamwamba omwe amaphimba msampha. Koma kuchokera izi, mphamvu zake zowonongeka sizicheperachepera. Mu denga pali madera ochepa kwambiri. Zapangidwa kuti zisokoneze tizilombo. Akafuna kuthawa kuchokera mumadzi a kakombo, amatha kuwuluka ndikuwomba mawindo otsekedwa ndi kubwerera mmadzi.

Mitundu ina ya sarrasenium idakula ngati mpesa mu Russia isanafike, koma patatha kusintha, ndalama zambiri zapadera zinawonongedwa. Masiku ano, obereketsa akuyesetsa kuti apange mitundu yatsopano yatsopano. Ndibwino, chomeracho chingakusangalatse ndi maluwa.