Peyala ndi chokoma komanso chothandiza kwambiri chikhalidwe chomwe chimakondweretsa ana ndi akulu.
Peyala wamkulu m'madera akumidzi, mizinda yayikulu ndi minda yamaluwa. Zipatso za mtengo uwu ndi zokoma kwambiri, zowutsa mudyo komanso zofewa.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwatsopano, komanso pokonza (kupanga marmalade, madzi ndi kupanikizana). Kulima, kudulira mitengo ya zipatso kumakhala ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri, yomwe zipatso ndi khalidwe la zipatso zimadalira. Chikhalidwe ichi chimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, komwe kuli kwabwino kwa kubereka kwake.
Ngati mwadabwa kuti ndi nthawi yanji yodula mapeyala, tidzayesa kukuuzani za zinthu zonse zomwe zimadulidwa nthawi iliyonse.
Timadula mapeyala m'nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Timakambirana za nthawi ndi nthawi
Alipo Nthawi zambiri kudulira mitengo ya zipatso: masika, autumn, chirimwe ndi chisanu. Cholinga cha kudulira ndiko kupititsa patsogolo chipatso cha chipatso, kuyang'anira fruiting ndi kukula kwa mbewu, kukonzanso kuyatsa kwa korona, kuchotsa nthambi zowuma, zowonongeka ndi zodwala.
Kudulira kumathandiza kukhala ndi mtengo wofunika kukula ndi thumba labwino lomwe lidzatha kulimbana ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mbeu, komanso kusunga zokolola ndi kudula nkhuni kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyamba kufalitsa nthawi ndikupeza zipatso zabwino.
Kuti zotsatira za kudulira mitengo zisakhumudwitse wamaluwa, ndizofunika kuganizira zofunikira za peyala iliyonse.
Kawirikawiri, kasupe kakadulidwa kumachitika pamene chisanu chadutsa ndipo nyengo ikukula isanayambe. Koma mau ena ndi ofunikira. Tiyeni tiyankhule za aliyense payekha.
Tsatanetsatane wa ndondomeko ya kudulira mapeyala m'chaka
Monga tanena kale, kutchetchera kasupe kumachitika panthawi yomwe chisanu chodutsa, koma nyengo yakukula isanayambe kuchitapo kanthu.
Tilembera malamulo ofunika kudulira kasupe, kuti asayambe kuwononga mtengo wa zipatso
• Kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chotchedwa shears ndi tsamba lakuthwa kwambiri, chifukwa mitengo ikuluikulu imagwiritsa ntchito hacksaw. Pambuyo kuchotsa nthambi za mtengo, zipangizo zonse ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Kudulira mitengo kumayamba ndi kupatulira korona wa mtengo, izi zimachitika pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ndi wopepuka.
• Ndikofunika kufupikitsa thunthu lakati pafupi ndi gawo limodzi lachinayi. Kuti m'tsogolomu amalola kupanga mtengo wofanana ndi mbale.
• Kusamalira mtengo ukuyenera kuchitidwa pa kutentha kwa mpweya osachepera 5 ° C.
• Pambuyo kudula nthambi, mfundo zocheka ziyenera kupaka. Zinthu zotsatirazi ndizoyenera: mafuta odzola, penti ya mafuta, phula la munda ndi njira za "Rannet". Zomalizazi ndizoyeneranso kuyika malo owonongeka a peyala.
• Pali Njira ziwiri zochepetsa: kudula pa mphete ndikufupikitsa nthambizo. Njira yoyamba ili motere: kudula kumapangidwa pansi pa mphete, mwachitsanzo. m'munsi mwa nthambi. Kuti mupewe kutsegula makungwa, choyamba muzidula, ndiyeno mutu waukulu wapamwamba. Pofupikitsa nthambi, kukula kwa mphukira kumathamanga, ndipo masamba omwe ali pansipa kudula amayamba kuwuka.
• M'pofunika kukumbukira kuti nthambi za peyala zimakula, osati zowona, komanso zozembera. Kuchokera pa izi zikutsatila kuti nkofunika kuthandizira kukula kwa mphukira, ndipo nkofunika kuchotsa mphukira zomwe zimayenda mozungulira. Nthambi zowonongeka zimadulidwa, chifukwa zimapindula kwambiri.
• Pamene mukudulira kumapeto kwa nyengo, sikuletsedwa kuwonjezera feteleza, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha panthawiyi chimachotsa zakudya zonse m'nthaka.
• Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira kwabwino nkhuni, chaka chotsatira malo onse odulidwa adzasungidwa mosamala, chikhalidwe chidzakhala bwino ndipo chidzayamba kukolola zochuluka.
Kuyala mitengo ya peyala: Kodi njirayi ndi yotani?
Kudulira mitengo ya chilimwe kumaphatikizapo kunyoza (pinching), ndiko kuti, pochotsa kukula kumatope. Kusinthanitsa kokhala ndi misomali, ndipo nthawi zina, pochotsa zopulumuka zambiri, shears.
Chotsatira chake, pinion imakhudza kwambiri mtengo. Kwa nthawi yayitali ndikudzipereka kuchita izi. Koma kudula mitengoyi kumapangitsa kuti ndalamazo zizigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zakudya zomwe zimalowa mu chomera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chokakamira, kutalika kwa mphukira kumapindula poyimitsa kukula kwake, pamene mphutsi imodzi ya chaka ifupikitsidwa mmawa wotsatira, gawo lalikulu la izo likuchotsedwa, kuti apangidwe kumene zakudya zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale.
Zomwe zimachitikira chipatso chokhalira kunyoza zimadalira nthawi yake:
• Ngati pinning ikuchitika nthawi ya kukula kwakukulu (mwezi wa June), ndiye kukula kwa mphukira zofulumira kumachedwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe atsopano, kuchokera ku mphukira zowonongeka, mphukira zisanafike, komanso kukula kwa mphukira, yomwe ili patali kwambiri ndi mphukira zomwe zinagwidwa, ndipo masambawo amasandulika zipatso. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pinning ilibe zotsatira zabwino pa nyengo yokula ya mtengo, yomwe imakhudza nthawi yozizira ya mbewu.
• Kuphatikizanso kumaperekanso kumapeto kwa kuchepetsa kukula kwa mphukira. Chifukwa chake, kuwombera kusasitsa bwino ndi axillary masamba zimakhala bwinoko.
Kutulukira kwadulira: ndi chiyani chomwe chiri ndi mbali zazikulu
M'dzinja nyengo kudulira ikuchitika kuchokera kumapeto kwa August mpaka pakati pa September. Tengani kokha kwa sing'anga kapena mapeyala oyambirira a mapeyala, omwe, monga olamulira, ndi othawikitsa. Ngati izi zikuchitika nthawi ndi molondola, ndiye chaka chamawa mutenga zokolola zazikulu.
Malamulo oyambirira a kudula mapeyala mu kugwa
• Mulimonsemo simungathe kudula mtengo, chifukwa chakuti udzaponyera mphamvu zake zonse mofulumizitsa bwino ndipo zidzatulutsa mphukira zowoneka bwino, zomwe zaka ziwiri zidzathera kutalika kwake. Njira yabwino yomwe ingakhale yopatulira njirayi mu nthawi zingapo, mwachitsanzo, gawo limodzi liyenera kudula kugwa uku ndipo yotsatira iyenera kudulidwa.
• Kudulira m'dzinja kuyenera kuchitidwa kutentha kwa 0 ° C.
• Choyamba, chotsani mphukira yomwe imakula pamtunda wa 90 ° kuchokera pamtengo. Pambuyo pazimenezo, zomwe zimakhala zofanana kapena zowonekera pamtengo zimachotsedwa.
• Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pamene mukuchotsa nthambi, musadule mopitirira muyeso ndipo musasiye ma stumps. Chofunika kwambiri pazimenezi ndikutuluka kwa makungwa, omwe amawonekeratu m'munsi mwa nthambi zomwe zikukula. M'madera ano pali ziphuphu zomwe zimachiza ndi kubwezeretsa nkhuni mwamsanga. Ngati chitsamba chatsalira kapena nthambi zowonongeka kwambiri, mtengowo udzachiritsa kwa nthawi yaitali.
• Kudula nthambi zoposa masentimita atatu kuyenera kuchitidwa motere: kuyamba ndi kudula pansi, ndipo mutatha kudula pamwamba. Ngati izi sizingaganizidwe, makungwa omwe ali pansi pa nthambi yosakanizidwa akhoza kuonongeka, chifukwa chakuti gawo lomwe sali ndi doped likhoza kuchepa polemera kwake.
• Monga momwe zimakhalira kudulira kasupe, malo owonetsetsa ayenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni yokhala ndi munda kapena zinthu zina zapadera. Ngati izi sizichitika, mtengo udzayamba kulira, zomwe zidzakopa kukopa kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhudze mtengo kwambiri.
• Pambuyo kudulira, musamadyetse chomera, monga mtengo udzatengako mbali zakuthupi kuchokera ku mizu yake.
Kudulira mitengo yozizira: kaya ayi kapena osagwiritsa ntchito nthawiyi, komanso momwe zimakhudzira mitengo
Kuyala mitengo ya peyala nthawiyi sikuvomerezedwa konse. Popeza kuti nyengo yozizira yochepetseka ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri zomera. Nthambi zomwe zimadulidwa, osati nthawi yokha yochiritsira, koma imatha kufa ndi chisanu. Kudulira kutentha kumachitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa November kufikira kumayambiriro kwa March, pamene mtengo uli pumulo.
Zimapangidwira nyengo yachisanu
• Monga nthawi zonse zodulira, ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi pruner, makina osungira kapena owona.
• M'pofunika kuyamba kudulira mwa kuchotsa mtanda, wakufa, wofooka ndi wodula, nthambi zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka.
• M'pofunika kuti pakatikati pa mtengowu mutsegule kuchotsa nthambi zazikulu. Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa nthambi zingapo zazikulu, ndiye kuti njirayi iyenera kugawidwa mu nthawi yozizira.
• M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuchotsa nthambi zomwe ndizitali komanso kuchotsa kutalika kwa mtengo.
• Kawirikawiri kudulira mu February pa -15 ° C.
• Amayambitsa njirayi ndi mapeyala akale, chifukwa masamba awo amayamba kutsogolo kusiyana ndi aang'ono.
• Kuti chilonda chichiritse mofulumira komanso chisati chizizira m'nyengo yozizira, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyera ndi chosakera, ndipo mutatha kudulira kuti muthetse mabala ndi munda wamaluwa.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya mapeyala.
Ndondomeko ya kudulira mapeyala akale ndi achinyamata, ndi kusiyana kotani. Ndondomeko yokonza peyala, ndipo ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata ndondomekoyi
Kudulira mitengo ya peyala yachitidwa kuti lipititse patsogolo zokolola ndikupeza dzuwa. Agrotechnics amati mitengo yomwe imadulidwa ndi yochepa kuposa yopanga luso. Kudulira kumapangidwira mapeyala akale ndi achinyamata, ndondomeko yowonjezereka mwa njira zomwe mungawerenge pansipa, komanso zida zomwe zikufunikira pa izi, ndipo ndondomeko yotani kudulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zithunzi zonse zowonongeka peyala wakale kapena momwe mungapitirizire moyo wa mtengo
Kudulira mitengo yosalekeza ya mapeyala akale nthawi zina kumawononga mitengo yakale yachonde. Koma nthawi zambiri, kuti abwezeretse thanzi, mawonekedwe ndi fruiting ku chomera, nkofunika kuti asamayesedwe, omwe akuchepetsa mapeyala. Nthawi zina munda umachokera kwa munthu wina kupita ku wina, ndipo oyamba sanasamalire mitengo, chifukwa chakuti iwo adatalika, koma zipatso zazing'ono. Kuti muchite izi, chitani ntchito zowononga mapeyala akale.
Nthawi zina palifunika kufupikitsa peyala ngati mtengo wakula kwambiri. Ndipo ngati peyala ikusamalidwa ndipo kutalika kwake kukufanana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yokolola, wolima munda akuyamba njira yobwezeretsa mtengo mwa kupukuta korona. Chochitikachi chiyenera kuyamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba ndi masamba asanayambe.
Choyamba, dulani odwala, osweka, ozizira komanso opanda nthambi zowuma. Izi zidzalola kuwala kwa dzuŵa kukuwunikira kuunika korona wa mtengo, ndipo mudzawona ntchito yotsalayo yomwe iyenera kuchitika. Kenaka kuchotsani mphukira zochulukirapo, mphukira ikukula pang'onopang'ono kapena kufanana ndi korona wa mtengo, komanso ikuwombera mpikisano. Zina mwa zotsalirazo zikhoza kuchepetsedwa, kenako zitseni mabala atsopano ndi decoction.
Ngati mwabwezeretsa peyala yakale bwino, ikhoza kupulumutsa mtengo kuti usagwe. Chilichonse n'zotheka kuti pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwa peyala wakale, sizingabweretse mbewu zazikulu poyamba, kapena kupereka zipatso zochepetsetsa, koma musakwiyitse, sizanthawizonse.
Kudulira mapeyala ang'onoang'ono, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa mukamagwira ntchitoyi
Chomera choyamba ndi chofunika kwambiri cha mapeyala aang'ono chimachitika nthawi yomweyo mutabzala nyemba ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachita ntchito ziwiri:
• Mbewu ikamabzalidwa, mizu yake yawonongeka, ndipo zakudya zowonjezereka zimatha kusintha pofupikitsa nthambi.
• Tabu yoyamba yokonza mapeyala, kuchepetseratu wokondweretsa.
M'dzinja, mu chaka chodzala peyala mbande, kudulira sikuchitika, palibe chofunikira ichi. Ngati mutachita zonse zoyenera m'chaka choyamba cha kudulira peyala, m'tsogolomu sapling idzakula bwino ndikupukuta korona yake, yokhala ndi kudulira kalekale. Pogwiritsa ntchito peyala, wokondweretsa ayenera kukhala wapamwamba kusiyana ndi mphukira yokongola, yomwe ingakhudze piramiidal kukula kwa mtengo.
Kudulira mapeyala akuluakulu kuposa chaka chimodzi kumachitika kawiri pachaka, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri kuwonjezeka kwa nthambi, kupanga mapangidwe a nthambi zomwe zimapatsa zipatso. Kuti achite izi, amafupikitsidwa ndi 25% ya kutalika kwakenthu. Kenaka, wamaluwa ayenera kumvetsera pamwambapa. Zimapangidwa kawirikawiri, makamaka nyengo yachisanu.
Matabwa amatha kukula msanga kukhala nthambi zazikulu, zomwe zimakhudza korona wa mtengo, kotero m'chaka amatembenuka n'kupanga masaya ndi zigawo zina za chigoba, ndipo zina ziyenera kudula. Ngati m'nyengo yozizira panali chisanu choopsa, ndipo nkhuni pamwamba pazomwe mphepo imakula ndipo masamba amakula bwino pamtengo, ndiye kuti mphukira pa nthambi za chigoba zimakula bwino. Ndiye ndikofunikira kuthetsa chirichonse chomwe chili pamwamba pa nsonga ndi gawo lawo.
Ndipo kuyambira theka lachiwiri anapanga nthambi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kubwezeretsa korona wa mtengo. M'chaka chachinai cha moyo wa mapeyala aang'ono, ikani yachiwiri. Ndipo chaka chachisanu chidzatha, kukula kwa chaka kudzacheperachepera, chifukwa chaichi kuchepetsedwa kwa nthambi kudzafunika kupangidwa moyenera.
Ndondomeko yokonza peyala kapena momwe zimachitikira
Mu sapling wamng'ono, yemwe ali ndi chaka chimodzi, thunthu limadulidwa ku 25% la kutalika kwakenthu, izi zimachitidwa ku nthambi ya korona. Mphukira yamphindi imakhalanso yofupikitsa, koma kuphukira koyamba. Pambuyo pa chaka china chamoyo, pamwamba pa mtengo waukulu umadulidwa ndi 25-30 masentimita, ndipo nthambi zimadulidwa ndi 6-8 masentimita. Kuti maonekedwe apangidwe apangidwe bwino, nthambi zotsikazo zikhale zotsalira kuposa zoposa. Kwa fruiting yabwino, mawonekedwe a mtengo ayenera kukhala ngati piramidi.
Pambuyo kudutsa njira izi kudulira zikuchitika mu magawo awiri:
• Gawo loyamba laukhondo ndi mwezi wa March. Chofunika chake ndicho kuchotsa nthambi zowuma ndi matenda.
• Gawo lachiwiri likupanga, likuchitika pafupifupi masabata awiri mutatha. Pokula peyala, mlingo umene amawoneka amafooka. Ndiye kupanga kapena kudulira kwakukulu kumachitika kamodzi pa zaka zitatu.
Zida zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mapeyala
Chida chachikulu cha njirayi, munda aliyense, ndi pruner Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa nthambi zokwana 2 masentimita awiri, ndipo zowonjezera zimagwiritsa ntchito lopper. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa pruning pruner ndi pruner ndiko kuti yoyamba ndi yayitali kuposa yogwiritsira ntchito.
Amaluwa ena amadulira mpeni - ndizovuta kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe anali nacho ndi tsamba lakuthwa, lakuthwa. Palinso mipeni yapadera yamaluwa yokonzedweratu kudulira, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa kudulira.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza ndi macheka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula nthambi zazikulu. Koma gwiritsani ntchito maluwa okongola awa, osati osavuta. Kusiyanasiyana kwawo ndiko kuti mundawo ukukonzekera kukonza nthambi zamoyo. Chida chilichonse cham'munda chiyenera kukhala chakuthwa komanso chosabala.
