Bamboo ndi chomera chofulumira chomwe chimamera m'thengo m'malo otentha ndi madera otentha a mayiko aku Asia. Palibe cholakwika kutcha mtengo, ndiwo nthumwi ya banja lanjere. M'mikhalidwe yotentha kwambiri imamera m'minda yozizira, nyumba.
M'madera akumwera amadzalidwa panthaka. Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu, kuthekera kopanga thunthu lolimba, bambo wamba wamba wakhala chizindikiro cha kupirira, kulimba mtima.
Kufotokozera kwa bamboo
Zomera zake zimatchedwa udzu molondola. Amathandizira mwachangu, nthambi kokha kumtunda. Pansi pazachilengedwe, mphukira zimakula mpaka 50 metres. Masamba ndi aatali, lanceolate. Mphukira za Spikelet zimapezeka mozungulira mitundu ina; mwa zina, zimakula m'magulu. Bamboo samakonda kuphuka patatha zaka 10 kapena kupitirira. Zikacha, mbewuzo zimafa, pokhapokha ngati mizu yabwino yatsalira. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mbewu ndi maluwa omwewo nthawi zambiri amakhala odera limodzi.
Bamboo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chomangira. Tsinde lopanda chopindika (udzu) limayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake, nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoyambira zapakati.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya bamboo
Mwa mitundu yambiri, yotchuka kwambiri ndi zingapo:
- Saza imalimidwa m'minda ya Japan, pali mitundu yazing'ono komanso yayitali, kutalika kwa masamba kuchokera 25 cm mpaka 2.5 metres. Masamba a Kuril saza mpaka 13 cm kutalika kufika 25 mm mulifupi. Saza Nebulosa amafanana ndi kanjedza; mitundu ya Vichy ili ndi mtundu wagolide.
- Fargesia kapena bamboo aku China ndi gulu lazomera zazing'onoting'ono. Kutalika kwa mapaletiwo mpaka 10cm; m'lifupi ndi 15 mm.
Yagawidwa mpaka mitundu 40 ya fargesia kuti alimire nyumba, minda yozizira:
- Chonyezimira chimalekerera chisanu bwino, chimakhala chobisala popanda malo, chimayambira ndi mawonekedwe aulemu chimakhala ndi mtundu wosangalatsa wakuda;
- Kupereka kwatsopano kumayamikiridwa kunja kwake: thunthu la chitumbuwa chakuda chokhala ndi utoto wofiirira chimasiyanitsa masamba amadyera;
- McClue imakula mpaka 3.5 metres, ndipo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mizere, mipanda yolumikiza, ma trellises;
- Eisenach, Great Wall - mitundu ya nsungwi yokhala ndi masamba ochepa owonda amdima obiriwira, mitundu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga hedges;
- Simba, Jumbo, Bimbo - mitundu yotsika yakukula kwa nyumba.
Phyllostachis ndi mtundu wamtali wa nsungwi wokhala ndi ma fupi amtundu wocheperako, wozungulira kapena wowoneka ndi utoto:
- wakuda (mitengo ikuluikulu imayamba kuda zitatha zaka ziwiri za kukula);
- ndi ma golide agolide ndi kukula kwofiirira;
- utoto wonyezimira, utoto wowoneka umayamba kuwonetsa pomwe mphukirayo imazimiririka chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mitundu iyi yokonda kutentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe;
- chobiriwira, si mitundu yonse ya nsungwi yomwe imasintha mtundu wa tsinde pakukula;
- Tian, chikhalidwe chosiyanachi cha nsungwi nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizidwa ndi mthunzi wosiyana wa ma internodes.
Pleioblastus - mitundu yazing'ono, yomwe pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Shrub yabwino kubzala kunyumba.
Zambiri za kukula kwa msungwi kutchire
Mitundu ya bamboo yosagwirizana ndi kuzizira imakula mkati mwa lat latini, kulekerera chisanu mpaka -20 ° С. Zomera zomwe zili pamalowo, malo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino otetezedwa ndi mphepo amasankhidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimakhalabe pamtunda; ngati mphepo iwomba, bamboyo amasungunuka.
Zomera zimasulidwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, m'gawo la mizu yogwira. Dothi limafunikira lotayirira, lopepuka. Pa dothi, dothi lolemera, losowa, bamboo sakhala mizu, amayamba kufota, ndikuwonongeka mwachangu. Nthaka imafunika popanda kulowerera kapena pang'ono acidic. Ndikofunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthaka yopanda thanzi yokhala ndi humus yambiri.
Kubzala bamboo kwakunja
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera maenje obzala masika mu nthawi ya mvula. Amapangidwa mozama, mpaka 40 cm.Dothi lomwe limachotsedwa mu dzenje limasakanizidwa ndi humus mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. M'nyengo yozizira, dzenje loyandikira limadzazidwa pa 1/3 yakuya, ndikupanga tubercle yaying'ono. Nthaka ina yonse idayikidwa pafupi ndi bowo. Ngati sizotheka kukonzekera malo oti mubzale mu kugwa, musanadzalemo bamboo, bowo limathiridwa bwino, kumanzere kwa masiku 3-4, ndipo nthaka ikakhazikika.
Asanabzala, nsungwi imakonzedwa mwapadera: dothi loumbika limadzaza bwino ndi madzi, kumiza chidebe m'madzi. Siyani kwa maola osachepera awiri. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimachotsedwa mosamala mchikhalidwe kuti chisawononge mizu. Wotsirizayo ndi wowongoka, wobzala bamboo, wokutidwa ndi dothi. Ndiye kuthira ndi madzi. Nthaka mutabzala iyenera kupindika, kuphwanyidwa ndi mapazi kuti pasapezeke kanthu, ndiye kuti masentimita 5 okha ndiwo amasungidwa.
Kusamalira bamboo kwakunja
Ukadaulo waulimi wa msungwi wokulira umatsika kuti azithirira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba, kuwonda, kuti mphukira zisasokonezane. Chilichonse chimayenera kunenedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuthirira
Mutabzala, zodulidwazo zimafunikira kuthirira yambiri kwa masabata angapo oyamba. Ndi mvula yamvula yokha yomwe nthaka sinawonjezeranso chinyezi. Kuti tisunge chinyontho, dothi lozungulira mbande zazing'ono limawazidwa ndi manyowa owuma, nthaka imawunda bwino. Ngati sizingatheke kuthirira mbewu zazing'ono nthawi zambiri, dothi lozungulira iwo limakoka ndi filimu yakuda, ikatenthedwa, madzi amayamba kukwera kuchokera pansi, ndikuyenda kumizu. M'chilimwe chokhala ndi mame ochulukirapo, nthawi yamvula kuthilira kumachepetsedwa. Zomera zazikulu zimatha kupitirira kawiri pa sabata (poganizira mvula). Ndi kupezeka kwapafupi kwa madzi apansi panthaka, ndikofunikira kuti aliyense payekha afikire boma loyothirira. Madzi akasenda, masamba amasanduka achikaso. Pakati kuthirira ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse kumasula dothi lakuya masentimita 5.
Kudulira
Kudulira kwaukhondo kumachotsa zitsamba zowonongeka, zopindika, ndi mazira. Zomera zocheperako zimachepera kotero kuti dzuwa limalowa mozama. Mukadula, tsinde limachotsedwa pamlingo popanda kusiya chitsa, kapena mfundo. Tsamba lomwe limadulidwa pamwamba pa Internode liyamba kukula, liyenera kudulanso. Mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira zosaposa are zimachotsedwa, zitsulo zodulidwa nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe nyengo yachisanu, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo osungira nyengo yachisanu omwe amateteza ku chisanu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Chapakatikati, organics imawonjezeredwa kuti ichititse chidwi kukula. Kuphatikiza feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsa ntchito mchere, mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa ma phosphates, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu 3: 4: 2. Mukugwa, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa phosphorous (4: 4: 2). Dziko lapansi limasulidwa, malo owuma amatsekedwa ndikuthamanga mpaka 3 cm, kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa muyeso wa supuni 1 (bokosi wamba) pa 1 mita imodzi.
Zisanu
Kusunga mizu malo oundana pang'ono ndi chipale chofewa, thunthu lozungulira limakutidwa ndi mulch kuchokera pa masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Pazifukwa izi, nkhuni zouma kapena udzu wouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Olima ena amabisa nsungwi ndi masamba owuma. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuwachitira mankhwala ophera tizirombo. Poteteza matalala, nthambi zouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhazikika pansi mozungulira kutchera.
Ndikofunikira kuti bamboo apulumuke nthawi yozizira yoyamba, ndiye yovuta kwambiri pamtengowo. Thunthu la mitundu yokonda kutentha limafa -17 ° C; kwa mizu, kutentha kwapansi -8 ° C sikulimbikitsidwa. Ndi chisanu chotalika masentimita 15, chisanu sichimawopa ikamatera.
Kusamalira m'nyumba ya bamboo
Kukula msungwi wamkati m'njira zambiri zofanana ndikulima m'nthaka. Kuti zitheke, chisamaliro cha algorithm chimapangidwa.
| Choyimira | Kufotokozera |
| Malo ndi Kuwala | Ochita maluwa amalimbikitsa kuyika msungwi pawindo loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo, kuwala kosasiyanitsidwa kumapereka mawonekedwe. Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, mbewuyo imagwetsa masamba. |
| Kutentha | Makulidwe abwino pakukula ndikuchokera ku +18 mpaka 25 ° С, shrub imalekerera kutentha kwambiri masiku a chilimwe popanda kupsinjika, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pausiku ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kosafunika. |
| Dothi | Bamboo siwosangalatsa ayi; dothi la maluwa, agalu, tomato, dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi ndilothandiza. Pansi pakamatera, ngalande zayikidwa. |
| Kutha | Ndikofunika kusankha poto wamatope kuti apume. Ndikofunika kusankha posachedwa ndikuzama, chofunikira chimafunikira malo. |
| Kuthirira | Chotupa sichiyenera kupukuta; Mphukira zazing'ono zimamwetsedwa m'mwezi woyamba wokhazikika. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kupewa kuti madzi asasweke. |
| Chinyezi | Ndikofunika kupukuta masamba a bamboo sabata iliyonse kuti fumbi lisadzikundikirepo. Mbale zosefera zimachitika pafupipafupi, pokhapokha patatha masiku otentha chomera chimaloledwa kupumula kuchokera kutentha. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Kuphatikizika konse kwa mchere ndi michere kumafunika. Ndikofunika kusankha mavalidwe apamwamba a ma dracaenas, ngati sichoncho, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito universalola pazomera zapakhomo. |
A Chilimwe wokhala kwawo amalimbikitsa: njira zokulitsira msungwi kunyumba
Kunyumba, mmera umakula bwino m'madzi. Ndikokwanira kuzisintha kamodzi pa sabata. Mitundu yamkati ndi yosazindikira, imalemera msanga, kupereka masanjidwe. Amaloledwa kuwonjezera zothandizira kumera ndi feteleza kumadzi (1/3 ya kuchuluka kwakulimbikitsidwa kuti pasapanikizike mphukira). M'munda wamkati kapena m'munda wozizira womwe mulimidwa dothi, mitengo ya msungwi imafikira kutalika kwa 2 metres. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, olima maluwa amapanga nkhokwe zenizeni za malo otentha. Ndikofunika kudyetsa chikhalidwecho munthawi yake, osalola kuti madzi asungunuke.
Pulasitiki siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikulidwe, ndibwino kusankha magalasi kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zama voliyumu yayikulu, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mitsuko yayitali. Zotengera zimayikidwa pafupi ndi zenera kapena kuwala. Zomera zimapanga bwino kukula kwa phytolamp. Madzi a mphukira za nsungwi amangoima pachidebe kuti chlorine amasanduke.
Madzi osefa kapena opopera sioyenera kubzala. Mtengowo umayankha bwino kusungunula madzi.
Kufalitsa bamboo
Mbeu za bamboo zapakhomo sizimafalitsa, ndizovuta kwambiri komanso kutalika kuti zibzare mwanjira imeneyi.
Njira yopindulitsa kwambiri yofalitsira imawoneka kuti ndiyodulidwa. Pazifukwa izi, mphukira zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimadulidwa mchaka kuchokera ku tsinde lalikulu la chomera chokhwima. Zodulidwa zimasiyanitsidwa popanda zowonongeka, zobzalidwa m'nthaka yonyowa kuti zizike mizu.
Kuphatikizika kwa dongo kukufotokozedwa pamwambapa. Pansi pa thanki yomwe inkatsitsa inali. Pofuna kuti musagwiritse ntchito chomera kuchokera patadutsa zaka 1-2, ikani mmera mumphika waukulu. Kukula kwa zodula zilibe kanthu.
Kudula kumachitika limodzi ndikumadzaza mbewuzo muchidebe chatsopano, masentimita atatu mulifupi ndi kuya kuposa kale. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi mu nthawi yamasika. Wodula amasintha bwino, mizu yake ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Kuyanika kanyimbo konyowa sikuyenera kuloledwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta bamboo
Mitundu yambiri ya zomera imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, samakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Ndi ena okha omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nthata za akangaude, amakopeka ndi masamba abwino. Zochizira zimayambira ndi masamba, masamba aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amawetedwa malinga ndi malangizo. Kumwaza kumachitika nthawi yamadzulo, nyengo yotentha, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza.
Zomera nthawi zina zimawoneka, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timachita mantha ndi mankhwala azomera kapena mankhwala.
Mwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, omwe amawoneka ndi “masamba” amadziwika ndi msungwi, amatulutsa bwino nyengo yotentha. Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, dothi limathandizidwa ndi phytosporin wouma. Madontho akaoneka, fungicides imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Masamba achikasu m'dzinja samayesedwa ngati matenda, mbewuyo imatsika masamba 25 mpaka 50% ya masamba nthawi yachisanu. M'chilimwe, chikasu chimachokera ku chlorosis, masamba a masamba amawonekera, amakhala ochepa mphamvu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa michere, komanso kuchuluka kwa chlorine m'nthaka (mchere wa dothi). Pambuyo povala pamwamba ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, nthawi yellowness imazimiririka.
