Kudula kwa maluwa

Kuti muwonjezere mitundu yosowa ya maluwa mu maluwa awo osamalira maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito kudula. Iyi ndiye njira yabwino yoyambira, ndiyodalirika kuposa kumalumikiza kapena kubereka mwa kuyala.

Sikuti mbande zonse za duwa zimamera bwino. Nkhaniyi imapereka njira zothandiza kuti mizu yake izikhazikike bwino panyumba. Amakhala okwera mtengo, osavuta komanso samayenera maluwa amtchire okha, komanso mphatso zomwe zimaperekedwa mwa kudula.

Kusankha kwa maluwa odulidwa

Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mizu, kusankha kubzala zinthu kuyenera kukhala kolondola. Sikuti mitundu yonse imamera bwino.

Chosavuta kusintha mukamalumikiza:

• Kukwera, makamaka iwo omwe ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
• Polyanthus ndi ma hybrid-polyanthus amatha bwino kubzala ndi mphukira zobiriwira m'chilimwe, ndipo amaluma pang'ono m'dzinja.
• Chophimba chapansi.
• Mizu yaying'ono mosavuta ngakhale ndi madzi.
• Mitundu ya Floribunda imamera mu theka la milandu.

Zovuta ndi:

• paki;
• maluwa akuluakulu;
• zipsera;
• tiyi wosakanizidwa ambiri.

Zodulidwa bwino zimadaliranso mtundu wa duwa. Zoyenera kwambiri ndi burgundy, ofiira, m'malo achiwiri oyera ndi oyera. Zovuta kwambiri kuzika chikasu, ali ndi moyo wotsika wotsika kwambiri wobzala zinthu ndipo ali ndi mwayi woposa ena kufa ndi matenda.

Kukolola odulidwa

Shank iyenera kukhala yapakatikati pakakhuthala ndi chitukuko. Wachinyamata wazaka ziwiri zokhala pakati pakatikati posunthika kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amatha kuyamba kuvunda posunthira panthaka. Achichepere, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira, nawonso amatayidwa chifukwa cha kuzizira pang'onopang'ono. Alibe nthawi yoti akwaniritse bwino nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zosankha zitatu zoyenera kufalitsa zidutswazidutswa:

• Tsinde - zofala kwambiri zomwe zingabzalidwe.
• Olemekezeka - zopangidwa ndi mainchesi a 0.4-0,5 cm omwe amakhala okhwima komanso osakhazikika mukukula.
• Olemekezeka - odulidwa amachitika m'chilimwe, gawo lalikulu la mphukira limagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati pali mtundu umodzi kapena tchire pamtunduwo, mutha kuyesa kudula mphukira ndi mphukira imodzi. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbewu zofowoka zomwe sizinakonzekere nyengo yachisanu zimatha kukula kuchokera kwa iwo. Njira yabwino ndi 2-3 internode, ndipo kwa maluwa achikasu ndi bwino kusiya 4 kapena kupitirira.

Nazi njira zoyambira pokonzekera:

• Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi osachepera 10-18 cm.
• Chodula chapamwamba chimapangidwa, chimapangidwa pakona yolondola, kuchoka pa pepala mpaka kutalika kwa 0,5-2 cm.
• Kuyambira pansipa, mtunda womwewo kuchokera kwa impso umayesedwa, koma muyenera kudula kumbali ya madigiri 45 ndi mpeni wakuthwa.
• Chotsani ma spikes ndi masamba am'munsi. Kutalika kutalika theka. Izi zithandiza kukhala ndi chinyezi mkati mwa mmera.

Zidutswa zophika ziyenera kuyikidwa m'madzi, momwe mungawonjezere mankhwala ozika mizu, mwachitsanzo, Hetrauxin. Pazifukwa zomwezi, yankho la uchi limagwiritsidwa ntchito: 1 tbsp. kutenga 1 tsp. uchi ndi masamba ena oduka. Madzimadzi amafunika kusinthidwa masiku onse awiri ndipo kwa masiku 15-20, chisindikizo chowala chidzawonekera pamunsi odulidwa - callus.

Kupitilira apo, mmera ungabzalidwe pabedi la maluwa kapena kudikirira kuti muwoneke mizu yayitali.

Choyipa cha njirayi ndikuchepa kwa mpweya wopezeka bwino m'madzi ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuwola.

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, tchire zobzalidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kudula zimapulumuka mu chisanu chochepa ndi mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimakumbidwa pamchenga. Kutentha kwambiri kosungirako ndi + 1 ... +3 ° C ndi chinyezi 65-70%. Kwa nyengo yotsatira, tchire tating'ono timatsalira nyengo yachisanu.

Nthawi yodulidwa kwa maluwa

Nthawi ya zodulidwa zimatengera nyengo yotentha, komanso maluwa osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a mapangidwe ake. M'nyengo yotentha, kupezeka kwa zinthu zofunikira kubzala komanso kuzika kwake zitha kuchitidwa kawiri. Ili ndi pakati pa kasupe: mu Epulo-Meyi mu greenh m'nyumba. Choyimira china cha maluwa, chomwe chimayamba kulimidwa mu greenhouse, kenako chimadzala poyera.

Nthawi yabwino yoswana ili pakatikati pa chilimwe: kumapeto kwa Juni - kuyambira kwa Julayi, pomwe mphukira zikungoyamba kulimba. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi nthawi yomwe maluwa asanafike, pomwe masamba atenga utoto. Zidutswa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mizu.

Nthawi zambiri pambuyo poti tsitsi lanyundo lituluke, pali mbali zina za tchire zomwe amazitaya momvetsa chisoni ndipo olima maluwa amayesa kuzisunga kuti zibzalire nyengo yamasika yophukira. Popewa kuzizira kwa mphukira yambiri yomwe mukufuna:

• Chotsani mapepala onse okhala ndi zilembo ndi matewera.
• Zisindikizo zokhala ndi paraffin kuteteza kumera koyambirira.
• Sungani zodula m'malo ozizira: chapansi, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena chapansi pa firiji.

Kudula maluwa mu chirimwe

Kunyamula zodula mu mphukira yachilimwe ndikosavuta kuposa nthawi yophukira. Ali ndi nthawi yokwanira kuzolowera maluwa awo osankhidwa ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Zidutswa zotengedwa pambuyo pake zimalekerera chisanu kwambiri. Nthawi yokwanira kudula ndi June, ndipo ikamatera imatha kuchitika mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi.

Zodulidwa zimakololedwa monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndipo zibzalidwe mwachindunji pamalo osavomerezeka, osagwiritsa ntchito greenhouse kapena hotbeds. Komabe, muyenera kusankha tsamba lopanda mphepo yamphamvu ndi dzuwa lowala.

Njira yabwino ikadakhala kuti imayala pang'onopang'ono kudutsa pamaluwa pamtengo. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndikudutsa chinyezi bwino.

Zidulidwa zimazika pansi ndikusiya ngodya, kukumba. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi mapulasitiki adafunikira kuchokera kumtunda; mitsuko yamagalasi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ngati maluwa ambiri abzala, ndiye kuti nyumba yaying'ono yamtunduwu imapangidwa ndi matabwa ndi polyethylene. Mbeu sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, kuthirira kokha kwakofunikira ndikofunikira.

M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi mitsuko kapena hotbed, yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa mu nyengo yotsatira - nthawi yamasika.

Kudula kwa maluwa masika

Kuti mumalumikiza masika, ndikofunikira kupanga wowonjezera kutentha ndi dothi lokonzedweratu: kuchokera pansi pa nthaka ndi pansi pepala, mchenga, phulusa ndi vermiculite mogwirizana: 2: 2: 1: 0.5: 0.5. Kutalika kwa gawo lodula la mbewu: 10-15 cm.

Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuthira kudula kotsalira kwa mbewu ndikukukulitsa ndikukula ndikuyanthira pansi ndi masentimita 7-10. Ngati mukumba mwakuya, kumachepetsa mapangidwe a mizu. Mphukira ziyenera kukhala motalikirana masentimita 7-8 kuchokera pa mzake.

Nthawi yofunikira kwambiri ndi masiku 15 mpaka 20 mutabzala. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kupereka zodula ndi momwe zinthu zingakhalire:

• Kutsirira pang'ono, madzi owonjezera amadzayambitsa kuvunda.
• Chinyezi chachikulu 80-90%. Ma sheet amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi m'malovu amadzi, chifukwa mutha kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la utsi.
• Kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Kutentha kwambiri, komanso mpweya wotentha, mpweya wabwino umafunikira m'mawa ndi madzulo.
• Kuyesedwa koyenera kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda kapena kuwola.

Pomwe mizu itawonekera, duwa limatha kuikidwa mu chidebe china chaching'ono masentimita 9-12. Kusintha ma drainage, osanjikiza kumtunda kwautali wa 3-3.5 masentimita ayenera kukhala mchenga.

Njira zachilendo zokulira maluwa kuchokera kwa odulidwa

Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozika mizu. Nawa opambana kwambiri:

• m'madzi;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata;
• Njira ya Trannoy;
• burrito;
• m'thumba la pulasitiki.

Kubzala kudula kwa maluwa mbatata

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yozika mphukira ndi mbatata. Pamalo osankhidwa ndi dzuwa, otetezedwa ku zolemba, kukumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 15. Kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka, pansi pake muyenera kudzazidwa ndi gawo lachitatu ndi mchenga wosambitsidwa. Sungani timazira tating'ono m'maso mwawo ndi kuyikapo zodula zomwe zakonzedwa pasadakhale 20 cm mumabowo omwe amapangidwa. Ikani mbatata pansi motalikirana ndi 15 cm kuchokera pa wina ndi mnzake ndikuphimba pansi ndi 2/3. M'masiku atatu oyamba, mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mitsuko yagalasi.

Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti chodula chotsika chimakhala chofewa nthawi zonse ndipo chifukwa cha mbatata duwa limalandira chakudya komanso wowuma.

Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti musaiwale za kuthirira mwadongosolo ndikumunyowetsa nthaka masiku onse asanu ndi madzi okoma: 200 ml 2 tsp. shuga. Pambuyo pa masiku 14-15, yambani kuumitsa, ndikuchotsa pogona pang'onopang'ono. Pakatha milungu iwiri, zitini zimatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.

Mizu yodzidulira mu phukusi

Zotsatira za nebula ndi chinyezi chachikulu zimatheka mosavuta mwanjira ina, pogwiritsa ntchito phukusi. Ndikofunikira kuyika sphagnum moss, yomwe kale imanyowetsedwa mu madzi a aloe, mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 9 kapena gawo lapansi lotetezedwa. Kenako ikanizani polyethylene, ndikumangiriza ndikukupachika pazenera. Kuwoneka kwa mizu kudzachitika masiku 30-31. Mukatha kudula muyenera kutengapo ndikubzala mumiphika.

Njira ya Burrito

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi olima maluwa ku United States ndipo ikupezeka ku Russia. Njira iyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzika mizu pogulidwa maluwa. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amawona kuti ndi othandiza.

Kusankhidwa kwa zodula kumabwera ndikudulira kwamasika, ndipo mphukira zambiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatumizidwa ku zinyalala zimatha kukhala zitsamba zokongola m'tsogolo. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi zinthu zina zosankhidwa ndi makulidwe, sayenera kukhala oonda. Pensulo kapena chala chimatha kukhala malo othandiza, kutalika kuyenera kukhala osachepera 15-20 masentimita .. Ndikofunikira kukana mbali zonse za chomerazo ndi zofooka kapena zakuda poyambira kukonzekera. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha nkhungu ndipo phesi limodzi lomwe lingakhudzidwe lingathe kupatsira wina aliyense.

Gawo la pansi la mphukira lomwe lakonzedwa limakonkhedwa ndi Kornevin kapena kuchitiridwa ndi Epin, ndikukulungidwa mu nyuzipepala yothira ndikuyika chikwama. M'malo mwa pepala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu. Amayikidwa pamalo abwino ozizira ndi kutentha kwa + 15 ... +18 ° C kwa masabata awiri, pomwe mizu yaying'ono iyenera kupanga.

Pakangodutsa masiku 7 aliwonse, mtolo uyenera kutsegulidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwa bowa kapena mbande zakuda, zomwe zimachotsedwanso. Mukayanika, pepalalo limatha kunyowa pang'ono. Pambuyo pakupanga kwa callus, maluwa amasunthidwa kupita kukagona maluwa kuti awonjezere kukula ndi kusintha.

Njira ya Trannoy

Njirayi imakhala mukusankha zodula mutatha maluwa ambiri. Akatswiri amati kusankha mphukira yobzala ndi maluwa osatha ndi masamba awiri ndi kudula pakati ndikutulutsa masamba, mpaka masamba awonekera. Chachikulu ndichakuti musaphonye mphindi ino. Kudula kutalika kosachepera 20 cm: Zonenepa zonse zimayenera kudulidwa, kusiya ochepa okha kumtunda.

Bzalani nthawi yomweyo pa tsamba losankhidwa zidutswa zingapo mu dzenje pa madigiri 45. Pamwamba pa gulu lililonse muyenera kuyikira botolo la pulasitiki lita 5, komanso khosi lodulidwa. Ichi ndiye chitetezo chodalirika pobzala zinthu ku chisanu, ngakhale mawonekedwe a masamba, ndi mphukira zatsopano. Kuti mizu ikhale ndi okosijeni, nthaka yozungulira malo osungiramo mbewu imayenera kumasulidwa. Ndikofunika kuti usaiwale za kuthirira.

Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: Maluwa ozungulira maluwa

Nthawi zambiri, vuto lalikulu ndikudula maluwa ku maluwa ndi matenda omwe amatulutsa dothi kapena pa tsindeyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizowo moyenera, gwiritsani ntchito mpeni kapena ma secateurs akuthwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera azomera.

Duwa losankhidwa kuti lizike mizu liyenera kukhala latsopano, ndi tsinde lofanana zobiriwira popanda kuchita khungu, khungu popanda kuwonongeka ndi ming'alu. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchitoyo, muyenera kukonza chomera: kudula maluwa ndi masamba omwe sakufunikiranso.

Pangani madzi amadzimadzi. Thirani 1.5 tbsp mumtsuko. kuthira ndi kutsanulira paketi imodzi ya Fitosporin ndi Kornevin. Woyamba amateteza chomera ku matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya, chachiwiri chithandiza kupanga mizu. Kwa maluwa okhazikika bwino, mlingo umatha kuchepetsedwa. Ikani phesi kudula pakona yankho ndikusunga kwa maola osachepera 1.5-2,5.

Konzani mphika dothi, gulani gawo lapadera m'sitoloyo, muziyimba m'malo mwa dimba pomwe duwa ili lomwe akufuna kukayikamo. Pansi, pangani phukusi ndikuyika piritsi la Gliocladin musanakumbire. Maantibayotiki achilengedwe athetsa matenda omwe atha kukhala m'nthaka. Kuti muchepetse mphukira, nisiye masamba awiri pamwamba, tsanulirani ndi yankho lomwe latsala pakuwolotsa zidutswazo. Kuchokera pamwambapa, mutha kuphimba ndi botolo la pulasitiki lokhazikika, ndikukulitsa pansi.

Tsiku lililonse, wowonjezera kutentha pamphika ayenera kuchotsedwa kwa ola limodzi kuti mpweya wabwino ufike. Bwerezani izi tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka duwa litamera. Ndikosavuta kudziwa masamba omwe amawonekera m'machisa. Muyenera kusunga chidebecho pakhonde kapena pa loggia, ndikuchikonzekeretsa kusunthira kumunda. Ndikwabwino kusamukira kumalo okhazikika limodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi kuchokera mumphika. Kusiyana pakati pa mmera ndi zina zonse: kudzafunika pogona kawiri nthawi yachisanu.

Kukula ndi kufalitsa maluwa ndi njira yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa, chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana momwe wolima maluwa kapena wothandizira angadzipezere njira yoyenera. Kugwiritsa ntchito molondola komanso kutsatira malangizo a njira iliyonse kumakuthandizani kuti muzuze pafupifupi chilichonse chomera chomwe mumakonda ndikuwoka pabedi lamaluwa.