Curly shrub kobeya kukwera ndi membala wa banja la Sinyukhov. Ichi ndi mbewu yachikalekale yomwe imalimidwa ku Russia ngati chomera chapachaka. Maluwa akuluakulu komanso ochititsa chidwi ndi maluwa amakongoletsa nyumba kapena munda. Ngakhale mawonekedwe osasangalatsa amatha kutsitsimutsidwa ndi nthambi imodzi ya kobe. Chomera chakumwera chino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi opanga mawonekedwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Zomera
Mwachilengedwe, duwa la kobe limamera ku Peru ndi Mexico. Ili ndi dzina lake polemekeza monika a Baptist Kobo, yemwe ankakonda sayansi yachilengedwe ndipo anaphunzira mtundu wa ma subtropics. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mbewuyi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungira malo ndikupanga mipanda.
Maluwa kobei
Mu chilengedwe, chomera cha kobe chimapezeka ku South America. Kuchokera kwa oimira ena a banja ili, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka mphukira. Mizu yamphamvu ya chomera imakhala ndi nthambi zochuluka.
Kutalika kwa tsinde kumatha kufika mita sikisi kapena kupitirira.
Duwa lokhazikika limakhala ndi masamba opindika bwino osanjidwa mosiyanasiyana. Iliyonse yaiwo imagawidwa m'magawo atatu. Mapeto ake, masamba amakhala ochepa thupi ndikufanana ndi tinyanga. Ndi omwe amathandizira kobe kugwira chothandizira pafupi kuti athe kukwera pomwe kuli dzuwa. M'mvula yamvula, izi ndizofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo.
Mabelu a Phuli
Maluwa a kobei ali ndi mawonekedwe a belu lalikulu. Dongosolo lake limatha kufika masentimita 8. Maluwa oyambilira amaphatikizika ndi tsinde ndi ma pedicels amphamvu. Amapezeka m'magulu kapena m'modzi. Mukangoona duwa la kobe, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti ndi chiyani, ndikuthokoza kukongola kwa chitsamba.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mbewu zokhomedwa m'bokosi lomwe lakutidwa ndi khungu lolimba. Ndizopanda muyeso, pakukhwima kumakhala ndimtundu wa bulauni. Masamba akaoneka kuchokera kuthengo, timatumbu timakhala ndi chikasu chobiriwira, ndipo ndikatulutsa maluwa, limakhala loyera kapena lofiirira.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mwa mitundu 9 ya Cobaea yodziwika ndi sayansi, ndi imodzi yokha yomwe imalimidwa ku Russia - chomera chokwera kapena chokwawa.
Choba chokwawa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ake osazolowereka komanso maluwa akuluakulu owoneka ndi belu omwe amatulutsa fungo losalala la tart. Kobeya amakula msanga, zomwe ndi zabwino chilimwe mwachidule chapakati Russia.
Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maluwa kutchera mitengo. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya kobei:
- Alba Ali ndi maluwa oyera oyera oyera omwe amakhazikika bwino pansi.
- Tsar Bell. Maluwa oyera oyera ndi osangalatsa m'maso, kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka matalala kwambiri.
- Mabelu amatchalitchi. Maluwa ndi akulu, ofiirira. Maluwa amapitilira mpaka chisanu choyamba.
- Colando. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi maluwa akulu akulu amtundu wamtambo wokhala ndi pestle yayitali kuyang'ana kunja. Mtengowo ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake muyenera kubzala mu dzuwa.
- Amazon Ili ndi mpesa wobiriwira, womwe umatalika mamita 4. Maluwa a kobe ndi ofiirira, osangalatsa kwa miyezi ingapo.
Mmera ndi mmera
Njira yodziwika bwino yolerera kobe ndi mbewu. Koma olima maluwa a novice nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto la kumera, popeza chikhoto cha mbewu ndicholimba, ndipo zikumera sizingathe kudutsamo nthawi zonse.
Alimi a maluwa odziwa bwino amasungunula khandalo m'madzi kenako ndikuyeretsa mucous kuchokera kumbewu. Ndondomeko:
- Atayala mbewu pansi pa chidebe kuti chisagwirane, amadzazidwa ndi madzi wamba ndikuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro.
- Pakatha theka la ola, wosanjikiza umachotsedwa.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, njirayi imabwerezeredwa kangapo mpaka kuphatikiza kumatha.
Awa ndi gawo lokonzekera kupeza chomera cha kobe kuchokera kumbewu, kulima komwe sikovuta. Mutatha kusenda, zinthu zobzala zakonzeka kubzala.
Chomera cha zipatso
Njira zokulira mbande zimayamba kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Mbeu iliyonse imabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimapewa kusankha komwe kobe sikumalekerera. Dothi lirilonse kuchokera ku sitolo ndiloyenera kubzala. Mbewu zimayikidwa panthaka ndikuwazidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta gawo lapansi. Ngati kuyeretsa koyambirira kumachitika, ndiye kuti mbande yoyamba iwonekere milungu iwiri. Kupanda kutero, zimatenga nthawi kudikira zikumera.
Masamba awiri akawonekera pa mbande, azibzyala m'mbale zazikulu. Ndikwabwino kusamutsa mbewu limodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi, kuti tisaphwanya umphumphu wa mizu ndikulola mbande kukula msanga. Ngakhale kobe kakang'ono kotere, zosunga zobwezeretsera zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena nkhuni ndizofunikira kale. Pa makwerero omwe akutchedwa amenewa, mbewuyo imamatirira kwa tinyanga.
Zofunika! Mapangidwe a mphukira wathanzi, ndikofunikira kuchita kuuma kwa mbande. Pachifukwa ichi, zotengera zimapangidwira panja. Ngati khonde limayatsidwa, ndiye kuti mutha kusiya komweko usiku.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, kukwera kobeya, kulima komwe sikovuta kwambiri, kukonzekera kubzala pansi. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi chisanu chikatha. Mbande silingathe kulekerera pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake masiku oyambira muyenera kuwunika momwe alili.
Kobeya: kutsika ndi kusamalira poyera (mosasamala)
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukula duwa poyera pakati pa Russia, chifukwa mbande sizikhala ndi nthawi yolimba komanso kuphuka munthawi. Mtengowo umakula bwino chifukwa cha mbande zomwe zimamera pazenera, koma wamaluwa ena amakulitsa maluwa pabedi pamiyala ya peat.
Mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira zazing'ono zimasungidwa m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kwa pafupifupi 5-8 ° C. Mu nthawi yamasika, amathanso kubzyala m'nthaka popanda kuvulaza mizu. Nthambi zimaphukira kale kwambiri kuposa kobe, kubzala ndi kusamalira komwe kunachitika nthawi yozizira. Vuto lomwe limadza ndi njirayi ndikufunika kuyang'anira nthawi zonse za mbande. Sayenera kupitilira kapena kufa chifukwa chosowa madzi.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Kuphatikiza pa njere ya mbewu, ndikotheka kukula kobe mothandizidwa ndi odulidwa. Amadulidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimabweretsedwa nthawi yachisanu kupita nayo mnyumbayo. Mchenga wanyowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzika mizu. Mphukira zazing'ono zibzalidwe pansi pakati pa Meyi, pomwe kwatentha kale. Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse maluwa oyamba. Komabe, pankhaniyi, pamene kobe amatulutsa, njirayi siowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kubzala mbewu ndi kudula
Zolemba zam'munda
Poika mbewu pamalowo, muyenera kusankha malo abwino okhala ndi dothi lokhala ndi mchere wambiri. Vuto linanso ndilo kutetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, kulumikizana komwe kobe amavutika kunyamula. Ndikwabwino kusankha ngodya zamderalo. Mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala wosachepera 50 cm. Asanadzalemo, osakaniza ndi humus-peat umathiridwa mu maenje obzala, ndipo pambuyo pake mmera womwe udasunthidwa ndi mtanda waukulu wa nthaka uyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Kuti tsinde likhale ndi chithandizo, khoma kapena mpanda wapadera umayenera kumangidwa pafupi.
Ngati kuthekera kwa chisanu kulipo, kwakanthawi kochepa tchire limapanikizika ndi zofunda. Amatsegulidwa pambuyo pake kuti athe kupatsa dzuwa.
Kutsirira kumachitika mwadongosolo. Kukula kwake kumadalira kutentha kwa dera.
Zofunika! M'dothi lomwe lili ndi madzi, mizu ya mbewuyo imatha kuvunda, makamaka ngati pali magetsi.
Muyenera kuyamba kudyetsa kobe mbande zikaoneka. Kuti muchite izi, amathiriridwa ndi yankho la humate. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi, ndipo akadzakula mwachangu. Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, nayitrogeni amayenera kuyikidwa munthaka kamodzi pa sabata. Mukamasankha zina zodyetsa kobe, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za kukula kwakufunika kwa maluwa wa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous koyambirira kwa maluwa.
Kuphatikiza pa kuvala pamwamba, kukula bwino, abodza amafunika kumasula dothi mizu ndikuchotsa namsongole.
Pa masiku otentha, kuwonjezera pa kuthirira, mphukira iyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi. Kuti pachimake kunali kokongola, ntchito zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- kudula masamba opera;
- ndikukhomera tsinde lalitali kwambiri;
- kusamutsa kwa zimayambira zomwe zidagwera pansi ndikuthandizira.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Mu Okutobala, loboti yayitali ya kobei imadulidwa, ndipo thunthu lomwe limayeza 20 cm ndi mtanda wina wa pansi wokhala ndi mizu umakumbidwa. Atasunthira zotsalira za mbewuyo mchidebe, chimatumizidwa kuchipinda chazizirizo kuti mupumule (mpaka kasupe).
Tcherani khutu! Kummwera chakumwera kwa Russia, kobe amathanso kusungidwa pamalo otseguka, ngati yokutidwa ndi humus yoyenda.
Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani
Kobeya imawoneka wokongola kwambiri pamene ukufalikira. Mtundu wa maluwa ake akuluakulu belu ndi utoto wowala. Amabweranso chovala choyera ngati vinyo. Maluwa amayamba kumayambiriro kwa Julayi ndipo amatha kupitilira mpaka nthawi yachilimwe yoyamba. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, duwa limangodulidwa pansi pamodzi ndi mizu kapena kusinthidwa kumiphika yakunyumba.
Zosintha pakusamalira maluwa
Pomwe kobe ili pachimake, masamba opindika amafunika kuchotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zatsopano zomangirizidwa. Komanso, mbewuyo imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta ndi phulusa kuti iwonjezere nthaka. Ngati pakufunika kuti kobe ikhale ndi masamba ambiri, amawadyetsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Tcherani khutu! Kuphatikiza ndi nayitrogeni wambiri kumapangitsa kukula kwa masamba, koma maluwa amachepera.
Zowopsa za kukongoletsa kumeneku ndikosasamba kosasinthika ndikuwonjezera chinyezi. Chifukwa cha izi, mizu imakhudzidwa ndi zowola. Chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa ndi mawanga amdima pamasamba.
Zokongoletsa zakunja kunja
Monga njira yodzitetezera, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kuthirira, muchotsetse nthaka panthaka ndikuchotsa madera omwe akhudzidwa. M'malo ovuta kwambiri, mbewuyi imakumbidwa kwathunthu. Chitsamba choterechi chimayenera kusamalidwa motere:
- chotsani maizu owola;
- kudula zimayambira mpaka 30-30 cm;
- kuchitira ndi zida zoteteza;
- mudzalanso, koma pamalo ena.
Mwa tizirombo, duwa limakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nkhupakupa. Kuti muwachotse, ndikokwanira kukonza mphukira ndi yankho la sopo wobiriwira ndi Fitoverm. Sinthani chida ichi mothandizidwa ndi utitiri wa nyama.
Kukula kobe kukwera m'mundamu ndikosavuta. Chachikulu ndikusamalira mbande moyenera ndipo musaiwale kuthirira ndikudyetsa nthawi yake pamene kobe ili pachimake. Liana, wokhala ndi masamba ophuka, asintha kwambiri malowa.
