Sinningia ndi herbaceous osatha ochokera ku banja la a Gesneriaceae. Dziko lakwawo ndi nkhalango zotentha za Central ndi Latin America pafupi ndi gombe la Atlantic. Zinabwera ku Europe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. ndipo adatchuka nthawi yomweyo. Maluwa akuluakulu a Sinningia ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Pamaluwa, amakhala ngati maluwa okongola, ochepa. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, masiku ano mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera idapangidwa yomwe imasiyana kukula kwa chitsamba, kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa masamba.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Sinningia kapena gloxinia, monga momwe amatchulidwira nthawi zina, ndi chomera cha herbaceous chokhala ndi tuber wamkulu. Dongosolo lake limachulukana chaka chilichonse ndipo limatha kufika masentimita 40. Chidutswa chofewa chimakhala ndi malo owuma, abulauni komanso mizu yopyapyala.
Pamwamba pamtunda pali zofewa, zowoneka ngati mabulosi obiriwira kapena ofiira. Pamodzi ndi masamba ndi maluwa, zimatha kutalika masentimita 25, koma pali mitundu yocheperako mpaka 5cm. Kutalika kwa masamba owundana kapena owoneka ndi mtima ndi masentimita 61. Mbale ya masamba a pubescent imatha kukhala ndi m'mbali mwa masamba osalala kapena osalala komanso kumapeto. Nthawi zina mikwingwirima yopepuka m'mitsempha yothandizira imawoneka pamwamba pa pepalalo.
Peduncle imatha kumera pa mphindikati kapena pakatikati. Ili ndi masamba pafupifupi 10 pamayendedwe amodzi. Tsitsi, mafupa am'maso amapaka pansi ndikumapanga chubu chamtali. Kutalika kwa belu ndi masentimita 2-6. Mbali yakunja ya bud yokhala ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 5-12 imagawidwa m'miyala 5. Maluwa amayamba mu Marichi ndipo amatha mpaka miyezi itatu.
Mbeu za Sinningia zimacha m'mathumba ang'onoang'ono ngati mawonekedwe. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso osalala. Kutalika kwa mbewu sikupitirira 1 mm.
Mitundu ya Sinningia
Pali mitundu yopitilira 30 ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa mu genus synningia. Kunyumba, zotsatirazi ndizambiri:
Sinningia ndi achifumu. Duwa lakuya masentimita 10 limakhala ndi magulu awiriawiri a masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Mikwingwirima yopepuka imawoneka m'mitsempha. Maluwa owoneka bwino onunthira pa maulendo obadwa mpaka 20 masentimita amapaka utoto. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha.
Sinningia ndiwokongola. Masamba obala obiriwira obiriwira ali ndi utoto wofanana. Maluwa akuluakulu a tubular ndi ofiirira kapena ofiirira okhala ndi pharynx yopepuka ndi miyala yapansi.
Sinningia wa Leukotrich (wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera). Chomera chimakhala ndi mphukira yakutsogolo kwa 1-4 pamasentimita 8 mpaka 15. Masamba obiriwira amtambo wobiriwira amakutidwa ndi mulu wokwera. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 2-3 okha. Amakhala ndi chubu chachitali, koma nthambi pamiyayo ili pafupi kusapezeka.
Tiny Sinningia - mitundu yocheperako. Kutalika kwa malo okutsalawo ndi masentimita 2,5 okha. Maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi belu amakhala pamwamba pamasamba obiriwira. Mbali yakumwambayo ndi yofiirira, ndipo pansi ndi yoyera.
Njira zolerera
Kubwezeretsanso kwa synningia kumapangidwa ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mbewu zitha kugulidwa kapena kugulitsidwa chifukwa cha kupukusira kwa mungu. Chapakatikati, mbewu zimafesedwa mumchenga wokonzedwa wa mchenga-popanda kuwaza ndi lapansi. Dothi limanyowa ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Sungani malo obiriwira pamalo owala ndi otentha (+ 20 ... + 22 ° C). Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mbande zimatuluka ndipo mphika umayenera kusamutsidwira kuchipinda ndi kuwala kowala.
M'chilimwe, mutha kumakula syningia kuchokera kudongosolo la masamba. Ndikokwanira kudula tsamba, kupatula thunthu ndi kuduladula yopingasa m'magawo atatu ofanana. Zidutswa zonse zimabzalidwa munthaka ya peat nthaka, ndikuzama ndikukula kwamamilimita ochepa. Mbande izikhala yophimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikusunthidwa kumalo owala ndi mpweya + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Tizilombo tating'ono ndi mizu yake timawonekera patatha milungu itatu.
Pofalitsa tinthu tambiri, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa. Nthawi yakumapeto itatha, koma mphukira zisanachitike, tuber iyenera kugawidwa m'magawo angapo kuti aliyense athe kukula. Malo omwe ali ndi magawo amayikika makala osalaza. Ma tubers owuma amabzala m'miphika yaying'ono yodula ndikuwasamutsa kuchipinda chofunda (+ 20 ° C).
Kuzungulira kwa moyo
Sinningia yatchula nthawi yopumula komanso masamba. Maluwa atatha maluwa (Seputembara-Okutobala), gawo lonse limawuma msanga. Tubers titha kuzisiyira m'nthaka kapena kukumba ndi kusungidwa mu utuchi. Kutsirira ndikuwunikira nthawi yonse yopuma sikofunikira, kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka + 12 ... + 14 ° C. Munthawi imeneyi, tubers amatha kupitilira miyezi inayi. Chifukwa cha maluwa obwereza omwewo chaka chomwecho, syningia imatha kudulidwa mwezi umodzi.
Chomera chija chimasinthidwa ndikuchotsa dothi ndikuchichotsa kuchipinda chofunda. Nyowetsani dothi mosamala m'mene zikumera. Ndikofunikira kupereka kuwala kowala kosangalatsa.
Malamulo Ogulitsa
Syningia imayilidwa kumayambiriro kasupe, njirayi ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndikugawa kwa tuber. Ngati madera otumbika kapena malo amdima akuwonekera pansi, ayenera kudulidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi njira yothana ndi fangayi. Poto imasankhidwa yaying'ono kukula ndi mabowo pansi. Dothi la synningia liyenera kukhala ndi izi:
- land sheet (magawo atatu);
- peat (magawo awiri);
- mchenga (gawo 1).
Shards kapena dongo lokwera limatsanulidwa pansi. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tuber liyenera kukhala pamwamba.
Zosamalidwa
Kusamalira kuchimwa kunyumba kumafunikira kulimba mtima. Chomera ndichabwino kwa wamaluwa wodziwa pang'ono.
Kuwala Chipinda chomwe syningia imayima chizikhala chowala. Komabe, kuchokera pakulowera dzuwa mwachindunji ndikwabwino kuti muimveke ndi nsalu yotchinga kapena yopyapyala. M'chilimwe, ndibwino kuti mutengere kumtengowo kupita nawo kumunda, pansi pa mitengo.
Kutentha Duwa sakonda kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Mukatentha kwambiri, mumayenera kukhwekhwererera mchipindacho ndikunyowetsa mpweya mchipindacho. Nthawi yonse yopuma, matenthedwe ayenera kutsitsidwa kukhala + 10 ... + 14 ° C.
Chinyezi. Sinningia imafunikira chinyezi chambiri, koma simungathe kuthira masamba ofunda. Mutha kuyika miphika pafupi ndi ma aquariums, akasupe kapena mathirakiti amadzi. Olima ena amakonda kulima mbewu mwapadera kapena malo osungirako zachilengedwe.
Kuthirira. Kutsirira Syningia nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka. Madzi onse owonjezera amayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera mumphika. Pakathirira, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, oyeretsedwa bwino. Makamaka kukwera kuthirira. Madzi akakhala kuti amasunthika kapena akakumana pamasamba, mbewuyo imafa.
Feteleza. Mu Marichi-Ogasiti, syningia iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi mankhwala osakanikirana ndi maluwa. Manyowa opukutidwa bwino amathiriridwa m'nthaka kawiri pamwezi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Sinningia imayamba kuwola. Amatha kuthana ndi tuber, mphukira ndi masamba owiritsa. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga ndi zigamba zofewa zomwe zimatuluka fungo loipa. Magawo onse owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fungicide.
Mwa majeremusi, kupindika, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pamtengowo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandizanso kupirira. Mufunika kugula mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
