Heliopsis ndi duwa lowala bwino lomwe limawoneka ngati dzuwa lalikulu lambiri. Tchire tambiri limaphukira pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono litakutidwa ndi masamba. Pakutha maluwa, mpendadzuwa amadzaza mundawo ndi fungo labwino la tart, lomwe limakopa agulugufe ndi tizilombo ta uchi.
Kufotokozera
Heliopsis ndi mankhwala osatha a banja la a Astrov. Dziko lakwawo ndi pakati komanso North America, kuchokera komwe inafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera ku Caucasus kupita ku Siberia. Mu mtundu, pali mitundu yopitilira 10 yosiyanasiyana ndi zomera zingapo.
Mapulogalamu okhala ndi poyambira ali ndi nthambi zingapo, ali osagwirizana ndi mphepo ndipo safunikira garter. Pamwamba pa tsinde ndi losalala, koma pang'onopang'ono kumaonekera koyipa. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chachikulire kumayambira 70 cm mpaka 1.6 mamita. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mitsempha yoyera imapezeka.
Masamba ndi ovoid kapena chowulungika ndi m'mphepete chakunja ndi mbali zopindika. Masambawa amapezeka moyang'anana kapena pafupi ndi petioles apakati palitali lonse la tsinde.
Maluwa mu mawonekedwe a mabasiketi ndiosavuta (mzere umodzi) ndi zovuta (zobiriwira). Mtundu wa ma petals nthawi zambiri amakhala wachikasu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi maziko ofiira. Ziphuphu ndizitali komanso zazitali, zimakhala ndi m'mphepete kapena m'mphepete. Pakatikati pake ndizabwino, tubular, zimachitika chikaso, claret kapena bulauni. Danga limodzi la maluwa lotseguka ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Maluwa, pamaluwa amodzi amodzi amadzisonkhanitsa ndi mitengo yama inflorescence.
Maluwa amayamba pakati pa chilimwe ndikupitilira mpaka chisanu. Mbewu zimakhazikika mu bokosi laling'ono, pomwe zimatuluka mosavuta. Mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa.
Zosiyanasiyana
Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi a maluwa ndi mpendadzuwa wa heliopsis. Mphukira zokhala ndi mphukira zopanda nthambi zimapanga chitsamba mpaka 1 m wamtali. Masamba ndi ochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa chitsamba kuti chiwonekere pang'ono. Maluwa pamitengo yayitali ndioyenera kudula komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zamaluwa.
Mabasiketi achikasu owala bwino amafikira mainchesi 8-9 masentimita ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence. Pa tsinde limodzi, masamba atatu akufalikira nthawi yomweyo. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa June kwa miyezi 2-3.
Otsala adabzala mitundu yambiri ya ma heliopsis, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopanga bwino m'mundamo. Zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi:
- Asahi - pa tchire mpaka 75 masentimita okwera, maluwa owirikiza pawiri amatulutsa pachimake ndi wosaoneka, wofanana ndi mipira yayikulu ya golide;
Heliopsis Asahi - Summernigth - Amasiyana mumtundu wakuda wa masamba ndi mapesi a claret; pakati mabasiketi osavuta ndi a bulauni;
Heliopsis ChilimweNigth - Goldgrenherz - Mabasiketi a mandimu otsekemera okhala ndi malo obiriwira otseguka pamiyala yayitali.
Heliopsis Goldgrenherz
Komanso kutchuka heliopsis woyipa. Tsinde lake, petioles ndi masamba omwewo okutidwa ndi zovuta, ngakhale prickly villi. Mabasi amtunduwu ndi apamwamba kuposa omwe anali am'mbuyomu ndipo ndi 1.5 1.5 Masamba okhazikika pa tsinde moyang'anizana ndi petioles. Basiketi zamaluwa ndizocheperako pang'ono, mpaka 7 cm.
Zosangalatsa osati mitundu yowala, komanso masamba, heliopsis Varigated. Mitundu yoyamba kudziwika inali LoraineSunlight. Titsamba tating'ono (mpaka 90 cm) timakutidwa ndi masamba oyera oyera. Masamba osaya amasungidwa mitsempha yochepa yokha. Mabasiketi amaluwa ndi wandiweyani, wachikaso wowala.
Pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Chilimwe - chitsamba 70-90 masentimita okwera, maluwa owala achikasu ndi maziko a lalanje;
- Chilimwe Mitundu yapinki ilipo mu utoto wa masamba, ndipo mandala achikasu amakongoletsa maziko a lalanje;
- Sunburst - tchire zazing'onoting'ono ndi mabasiketi akulu, masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mikwaso yoyera.
Kuswana
Heliopsis imafalikira pogawa chitsamba kapena kufesa mbewu. Zomera zimalekerera chisanu bwino, motero, nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimafesedwa m'dzinja, chisanu chisanachitike. Mphukira zimawonekera koyambirira kwamasika, ndipo maluwa owala bwino mu chilimwe cha chaka choyamba.
Pakubzala, nthaka yachonde kapena yophatikiza bwino bwino ndiyofunika. Kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi ndi zovala za mchere (mwachitsanzo, superphosphate) ndizabwino kwambiri. Mutha kubzala mbande zam'mera mwachangu. Kuti mbande ikhale yosangalatsa, kwa masabata awiri atatu mbewuzo zimasungidwa m'firiji kapena chipinda china ndi kutentha kwa + 4 ° C. M'mwezi wa Marichi, mbewu zimayikidwa m'nthaka mpaka akuya masentimita 1. Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi la peat. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali pakati pa mbeu za cm 10-15. Chotetezacho chimasungidwa pamalo otentha, chopaka bwino mpaka masamba anayi owona atulukire. Kenako mbande imalowa mumiphika umodzi ndikuyamba kuumitsa kutentha kwa + 14 ... + 16 ° C. Chakumapeto kwa Meyi, mutha kubzala mbande pamalo okhazikika.
Mutha kugawa tchire. Mitengo ya zaka 3-4 kapena kupitilira apo ndi yoyenera izi. M'dzinja, tchire limakumbidwa ndikugawidwa laling'ono. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti manyowa kapena kukonzanso dothi musanabzale. Pakati pazomera zazing'ono m'mundamo muzikhala mtunda wosachepera 40 cm.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizidwa ndi kudulidwa. Njirayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, koma imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge malo osiyanasiyana. Zidula zimadulidwa kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe ndikuzika mu gawo lapansi lachonde, lopanda madzi bwino mumphika. Kuyika kwina panthaka yotsatira.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Heliopsis ndi odzichiritsa kwambiri. Zomera zam'mwera izi zimatha kusintha kutentha ndi chilala mosavuta. Ngakhale kuthirira kosakwanira, sikuuma, koma kumayamba kuphuka pang'ono. Mtengowo ndiwofera kwambiri, chifukwa chake, malo otseguka amasankhidwa chifukwa chodzala.
Kutulutsira dothi labwino ndi kutetezedwa ku zojambula zoyenera kuyenera kusamalidwa. Kuti mpweya upite kumizu, kudulira kuyenera kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Pakangotha masabata atatu aliwonse, mbewuyo imaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza wokhathamira kapena michere. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, kuphatikiza feteleza sikokwanira, popeza nthaka idakali ndi michere yambiri.
Kuti muwonjezere chiwerengero cha mphukira zamtundu, zimayambira zimapinikizidwa. Tchire limakula kwambiri ndikupeza mawonekedwe, ozungulira. Pokweza njira zokwawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafelemu kapena thandizo lina.
Mtengowo umalekerera kudulira bwino kuti upange chitsamba chokongola ndikugwiritsa ntchito maluwa m'maluwa. Kotero kuti maluwa ang'onoting'ono amapezeka m'malo mwa owonda, masamba owuma amadulidwa. M'dzinja, gawo lonse lobiriwira limadulidwa. Mizu yake imalephera ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri ndipo safunikira pogona.
Nthawi zina, mawanga a bulauni amawonekera pamasamba kapena mapesi, kuwonetsa dzimbiri. Vuto lofiirira loyera pamtengowu limayambitsa matenda a powdery mildew. Odwala amawombera mwankhalwe kudula ndi kuwotchedwa. Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus mu masika, dziko lapansi ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimafayidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate ndi maziko a msingi.
Ngakhale tchire limatha kukhala malo amodzi kwa zaka makumi angapo, chizungulire chimamera mwamphamvu ndipo heliopsis amakhala m'malo ofunikira. Kuyika ndikugawa muzu zaka zisanu ndi ziwirizi kumathandiza kuthana ndi izi.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Heliopsis imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa. Maluwa ake owala amakhala mchipika kwa masiku opitilira 10 ndipo sadzadziwika. Tchire labisi ndiloyenera kukongoletsa mabedi a maluwa ndikukhazikitsa zofukiza m'munda. Mutha kupanga nyimbo za monochromatic (ndi marigolds, rudbeckia, motsatizana), komanso zamitundu mitundu (zokhala ndi mabelu, ma mpunga, asters).
