Mukhoza kuyembekezera zipatso ndi mabulosi, ndikuyembekeza nyengo yabwino ndi amayi, komanso mukhoza kuyesetsa kuwathandiza ndi kuvala. Kuonjezerapo, njira zowonongeka zamasamba zimathandiza kuthetsa dothi ndikukhalabe ndi zowonjezera pamtundu woyenera, komanso thupi lake, komanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mitengo.
Ndipo apa chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita izi molondola, popeza ntchito yolakwika ya feteleza ikhoza kukhala yovulaza, si yabwino. Momwe mungapangire kudyetsa mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Momwe mungadyetse
Monga zomera zilizonse, mitengo ya zipatso ndi mabulosi a mabulosi omwe amafunika kukula ndi chitukuko, amafunikira zakudya monga nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu. Nayitrogeni imathandiza zomera kukula ndi kubereka zipatso; Phosphorous ikuthandizira chitukuko chawo ndikupanga mizu yolimba; Potaziyamu imathandizira kuti mitengo ikhale ndi moyo wathanzi kupirira zovuta za chilengedwe, kuwonjezera kukaniza kwa matenda ndikukhudzanso ubwino ndi kusunga khalidwe la zipatso.
Pofuna kubzala mbewu (maapulo, mapeyala) mlingo waukulu wa feteleza ndi wofunika, m'malo mwa miyala (plums, cherries).
Zamoyo ndi mchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza. Zinthu zakuthupi ndizoyenera:
- manyowa;
- kompositi;
- humus;
- zitosi za mbalame;
- peat;
- mulch wa tsamba, udzu, utuchi, etc.
- mphothosphate;
- potassium sulphate;
- sulfure potaziyamu (chloride);
- nitroammofosku;
- urea;
- ammonium nitrate.
Malangizo akulu ndi zidule
Tisanayambe kufotokozera ndondomeko ndi nthawi yodyetsera zomera zina, timapereka malangizo othandizira kupanga feteleza za zipatso ndi mabulosi a mabulosi ndi mitengo:
- Yambani kudya ayenera kukhala pa siteji ya kubzala. Monga lamulo, zinthu zakuthupi zimayambika m'mitsuko ikufika: peat, humus, kompositi. Phosphorus komanso feteleza feteleza. Potaziyamu yosakanizidwa ndi dziko lapansi yaikidwa pansi. Phosphorous imayambira pamwamba pa dzenje.
- Palibe chifukwa chodzala nayitrogeni mutabzala.
- Kudyetsa mitengo ya zipatso kumayambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wawo. Kwa zomera za chaka, izi sizikufunika.
- Phosphate-potaziyamu zowonjezereka ziyenera kuyambitsidwa mu kugwa, ndizomera - kumayambiriro kwa masika.
- Ngati kugwa kwa feteleza sikudapangidwe, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa nyengo ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi zovuta feteleza.
- Ngati nthaka yomwe mitengo ya zipatso imakula ndi yosauka, ndiye kuti mankhwala ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku mtengo wa mtengo chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zina - pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
- Manyowa oyenera ayenera kuchepetsedwa m'madzi. Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse ndi mawonekedwe osakanizidwa, malingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga.
- Manyowa opangira akhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mchere. Pankhaniyi, mlingo wawo uyenera kuchepetsedwa.
- Mitengo yamwala imafuna kudyetsa kwa anayi, zaka zisanu.
- Kwa mitengo yamaluwa, ntchito ya foliar imagwiranso ntchito.
- Pa zaka zisanu zoyambirira, feteleza ndi okwanira pazembera zapafupi; m'tsogolomu, gawolo liyenera kukulitsidwa.
- Manyowa aliwonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka yokhazikika. Atatha kufotokoza akuchitika zambiri kuthirira.
- Musanayambe kudyetsa, chofunika kwambiri ndicho kuchotsa thunthu la mtengo ndikuchotsanso namsongole.
- Monga lamulo, kudyetsa m'chaka kumatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu isanayambe maluwa.
- Kufesa mbewu za zipatso mwachindunji pansi pa thunthu sikulakwa.
- Ngati chisakanizo cha zinthu chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti aliyense wa iwo amadzipukuta m'madzi pang'ono, ndipo pokhapokha amakhala wosakaniza. Madzi amawonjezeredwa ku voliyumu yofunikira.
Zomwe zimapanga mitengo ya feteleza
Mitengo ya Apple
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, atadzuka ndi kutuluka mu mpumulo, mitengo imasowa thandizo komanso kudyetsa ndi zinthu zofunika.
Chovala choyamba pamwamba pa mitengo ya apulo m'chaka chimachitika panthawi imene chipale chofewa chimakhala. Panthawiyi, amafunika kudzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wothira nayitrogeni feteleza ndi organic: manyowa, zitosi za mbalame ndi kompositi.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya mitengo ya apulo komanso zodziwika bwino za ulimi wawo: "Gloucester", "Semerenko", "Dream", "Shtreyfling", "Orlik", "Silver Hoof", "White filling", "Zhigulevskoe".
Amapanga m'mphepete mwachangu, pamtunda wa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pamtengo, kuzungulira mpweya wa korona; M'nthaka mumakhala pang'onopang'ono 45-50 cm. Molunjika pansi pa feteleza feteleza sagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kudyetsa koyamba ndikobwino kuchita musanayambe maluwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Nkhokwe zitatu kapena zisanu za humus, manyowa a nkhuku kapena mullein amasungidwa m'katikati mwa thunthu. Komanso kwa fetereza yoyamba yoyenera 500-600 g wa urea, ammonium nitrate, nitroammofoska: 30-40 g
Chovala chachiwiri chikuchitika kale m'mazira a apulo. Panthawi imeneyi, gwiritsani ntchito 10 lita imodzi kuchepetsedwa matanki a madzi:
- superphosphate (100 g), potaziyamu sulfate (65-70 g);
- nkhuku (1.5-2 l);
- slurry (0,5 ndowa);
- urea (300 g).
Ndikofunikira! Kuyamitsa chakudya, kuchepetsedwa m'madzi, ndikofunikira mu nyengo youma. Ngati mwina akukonzekera mvula, ndiye kuti mukhoza kulowa nawo mawonekedwe owuma.Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza awa, kuchepetsedwa mu chidebe cha 200 lita imodzi ndi madzi ndikuphatikizapo sabata lonse:
- sulphate ya potaziyamu (800 g);
- superphosphate (makilogalamu 1);
- zitsamba za mbalame (5 l) kapena manyowa a madzi (10 l), urea (500 g).
M'chaka, kwa mitengo ya apulo, chovala chachitatu chikafunika - chimapangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa, pamene zipatso zimayamba kumangiriza. Panthawiyi, chisakanizo cha nitroammofoski (0.5 makilogalamu), youma potaziyamu humate (10 g) kuchepetsedwa mu 100 malita a madzi ndi abwino. Yankho liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito madzi: zidebe zitatu za mtengo uliwonse.
N'zotheka kudyetsa ndi feteleza wobiriwira, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku udzu wobiriwira, wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndikuika pansi pa polyethylene masiku 20.
Kuphatikiza pa mizu yophimba, ndi bwino kudyetsa maapulo ndi njira ya foliar. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo popanga masamba ndipo pakakhala masiku 20 mutatha maluwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe a masamba opopera mbewu, tsinde ndi nthambi. Kawirikawiri mitengo ya apulo imadyetsedwa ndi urea (supuni 2/10 malita a madzi), zomwe zimadyetsa mtengo, koma zimamenyana ndi matenda ena.
Komanso kuchokera ku foliar feteleza n'zotheka kulangiza kupopera korona ndi phulusa (1 chikho / 2 l madzi otentha). Kuvala kotenthaku ndi koyenera kwa mitengo ya apulo ndi ya peyala nthawi ya zipatso zakucha. Kupopera mbewu kungapangidwe kangapo, kutenga nthawi mu masiku 10-15.
Mukudziwa? Apulo yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - ntchito ya munda wa ku Japan Chisato Ivasagi, amene adakula zipatso zazikulu kwa zaka zoposa 20. Pulogalamu yaikuluyi inali ndi makilogalamu 849. Ndipo Guinness Book of Records inalemba apulo lolemera makilogalamu 67 g.Ili linaleredwa ndi munthu wina wa Chingerezi Alain Smith.
Mapeyala
Chomera feteleza choyamba pansi pa peyala chimapangidwa kuchokera nthawi yomwe imadzuka ndi chipale chofewa. Iwo amadziwika ndi njira yodalirika yokumba molimba ndi mitundu ya mitundu, malingana ndi kukhalapo kwa mphepo. Mofanana ndi zomera zina, panthawiyi peyala imafuna kudzaza nayitrogeni. Ndi bwino ngati izi zikuwonjezeka mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala: mullein, slurry, zitosi za mbalame. Korovyak ndi sirush imadzichepetsedwa mosavuta m'madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka 5. Kutu ayenera kuthira kwa masiku angapo.
Njira yoberekera pansi pa peyala ndi yofanana ndi pansi pa mtengo wa apulo - mumtengo wamtengo, kuchoka pamtunda 50-60 cm.
Wa feteleza feteleza akulimbikitsidwa ntchito nitrogen monga:
- ammonium nitrate (30 g / 1 sqm m, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1:50);
- carbamide (80-120 g / 5 l madzi / mtengo umodzi).
Muzitsamba zowonjezerapo, ngati zakudya zakutchire sizikupezeka, feteleza zovuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: nitroammofosku, nitroammfos, ndi zina zotero. Nitroammophosk imachepetsedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 200 ndipo idatsanulira ndowa zitatu pansi pa mbiya imodzi.
Yamakiti
Manyowa a feteleza amauzidwa kuti akakhala ndi zaka zitatu, kupatula kuti feteleza agwiritsidwa ntchito pa dzenje lakudzala. Pofuna kudya m'chaka, monga lamulo, urea yothetsera vutoli ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito (100-300 g pa mtengo malinga ndi zaka). Komabe, ngati mtengo ukukula bwino ndipo umapereka zokolola zochepa, uyenera kudyetsedwa ndi zosakaniza feteleza. Kotero, analimbikitsa zotsatirazi:
- mullein (0,5 ndowa), phulusa (0.5 makilogalamu), madzi (3 l);
- zitovu zowonongeka za mbalame (1 makilogalamu);
- potaziyamu sulphate (25-30 g / 1 mtengo).
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kuvala zovala zamtundu uliwonse dzuwa likasana kapena madzulo.
Kupanga
Plum imakonda malo amchere, kotero pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito fetereza pakabzala, phulusa liyenera kukhalapo. Zovala zoyamba za plums zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitidwa ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Izi ziyenera kukhala carbamide (20 g / 1 sq. M.).
Mu zaka zitatu, kukhetsa kudzafuna zitatu zowonjezerapo, zomwe ziyenera kukhala kumayambiriro kwa May. Panthawiyi, gwiritsani ntchito supuni ziwiri za urea, kuchepetsedwa mu chidebe cha madzi.
Plamu ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri komanso zathanzi, zomwe zili ndi subspecies zotsatirazi: zowonongeka, pichesi, Chinese plum, Hungary.
Kuchokera m'chaka chachinai, maula adzakhala kale mtengo waukulu wa fruiting, womwe udzafunika mizu itatu yokhala ndi ma foliar: isanayambe maluwa, maluwa akatha. Maluwa asanagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- urea osakaniza (supuni 2), potaziyamu sulphate (supuni 2), kuchepetsedwa mu malita 10 a madzi;
- Berry fetereza (300 g / 10 l).
- carbamide (2 tbsp. l.), nitrophoska (3 tbsp l.);
- Berry Giant feteleza.
Mu chipatso kucha nyengo, maula amadyetsedwa ndi organic kanthu. Manyowa a nkhuku wofewa, amadzipukutidwa ndi madzi 1 mpaka 20, akuyenera bwino izi.
Manyowa ndi phulusa analimbikitsidwa kuti asapange kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Kwa plums ndikulumikizana bwino kwa peat ndi kompositi. Zothandiza kwambiri ndi feteleza wobiriwira (manyowa obiriwira), omwe ali ndi zitsamba zotsatirazi: rye lachisanu, mpiru, phacelia, ndi zina zotero.
Mukudziwa? Ku England, maula amaonedwa kuti ndi zipatso zachifumu, popeza Elizabeth II akuyamba tsiku lake mwa kudya ma plums awiri ndikuyamba kudya zakudya zina. Amadya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimamera m'munda wamfumu, - "Brompcon"Chowonadi n'chakuti madokotala akukulangizani inu kuti muwonjezere zakudya zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zowonjezereka ndikuthandizani kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mitsempha. Kuwonjezera apo, kukhetsa ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yochepetsa cholesterol.
Apricots
Apurikoti amadyetsedwa kuchokera chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Kwa zaka zinayi kapena zisanu, feteleza amawaza kapena kutsanulira kuzungulira, koma osati pafupi ndi thunthu. M'tsogolomu, pamene mizu ikukula, dera lowonjezera zowonjezeretsa limawonjezeka ndi theka la mita chaka chilichonse.
Chodziwika kwambiri pa apricot nthawi ndi pambuyo maluwa zimaganiziridwa kutsatira chakudya:
- Manyowa (4 kg), nayitrogeni (6 g), phosphorous (5 g), potaziyamu (8 g) pa 1 sq km. m;
- kompositi (5-6 makilogalamu / 1 sq. m);
- zitoliro za mbalame (300 g / 1 sq. m);
- urea (2 tbsp l. / 10 l).
Zitsamba zotsamba
Dyetsani zitsamba za zipatso (raspberries, currants, mabulosi akuda, etc.) m'chaka chiri bwino zinthu zotsatirazi:
- ammonium nitrate (25-30 g / 1 sq. m);
- ammonium sulfate (40-50 g / 1 sq. m.).
Pansi pa muzu ukupanga:
- Kuyeretsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi, urea (3 tbsp l.) ndi phulusa (theka chikho);
- manyowa (chidebe 1) ndi saltpeter.
Mu Meyi, kuvala zovala zolimbitsa thupi kumathandiza. Kupopera mankhwala a potaziyamu sulphate ndi superphosphate, manganese sulphate ndi boric asidi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo.
Zokolola zabwino zimawonedwa mu zomera sprayed ndi potaziyamu permanganate (5-10 g), boric asidi (2-3 g), mkuwa sulphate (30-40 g) kusungunuka m'madzi (10 l).
Kuyamba kwa zakudya zofunikira ndizofunika komanso zofunikira pakusamalira zomera. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kusowa kwa zinthu komanso kuperewera kwawo kungakhale koopsa kwa mitengo, zitsamba ndi mbewu, ndipo zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Choncho, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zakudya zowonjezera zimayendetsedwa bwino komanso zimakhala zokha zowonjezereka kwa zomera ndi dothi, ndi kuchuluka komwe kulimbikitsidwa pa chikhalidwe chino.
