Drywall - imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri m'masitolo a hardware. Ambiri, powona kukula kwa mapepalawa, amadzazidwa ndi kulemekeza ambuye ogwira ntchito. Ngakhale, zowonadi, palibe kanthu konyenga pano: tikufunikira kokha kuwerengera ndi malemba ena a dexterity (komanso kuleza mtima kwakukulu). Tiyeni tiyese kufotokozera mwachidule zomwe zimachitika pakuyika zowonongeka ndi mfundo zofunikira zomwe zikufunikira kudziwitsa omwe akukonzekera kuchita pawokha.
Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo ndi zipangizo
Zonsezi zimayambira ndi kusankha kosungunuka palokha - malinga ndi makhalidwe ake, chovalacho chiyenera kukhala malo abwino. 
Mawu akuti "specialization" amasonyeza:
- GCR - Musanayambe kufufuza zipinda ndi chinyezi chodziwika;
- GKLV - ndi zinthu zosakanizidwa ndi chinyontho zomwe zingathe kuikidwa mu bafa;
- GKLO (kusagwira moto) - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga makoma omwe ali ndi stoves, malo amoto kapena zitoliro;
- Gawo lodalirika ndilo GKLVO - moto, malo osakanizidwa ndi chinyezi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira ntchito ndi attics kapena attic.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungapangire mapuloteni ndikuyika mawindo m'maofesi.
Kuphatikiza pa zowonongeka zokha, mukufunikira zipangizo zina ndi zipangizo. Mndandanda wawo udzakhala wosiyana malingana ndi njira yowomba yogwiritsiridwa ntchito - kugwiritsira ntchito khoma kapena kukwera pa chimango. 
Anayanjanitsidwa kwa oyamba, ngati khoma lili lopanda malire ndi miyeso pazowunikira anapereka mphotho ya 2 cm.
"Kufalikira" kotereku kumakhala kosavuta kukwera pa glue, zomwe mungafunike:
- mapepala;
- tepi yothandizira zizindikiro (ndibwino kutenga netchyanka net);
- choyamba;
- Gypsum-based basty (zofunika ndi kumaliza);
- gulu lapadera;
- mpeni monga chithunzi chowongolera kapena jigsaw;
- kubowola magetsi ndi chosakaniza;
- mlingo womanga;
- chowombera;
- Kutalika (zingakhale zabwino kwa 1.5 mamita) kulamulira;
- gulu la spatula la zosiyana siyana;
- brush kapena roller - iwo amagwiritsa ntchito primer;
- Gulu lapadera logwira ntchito ndi ndege ya putty;
- nyundo ya raba - idzakhala ndi njira yokonzetsera pepala lokha.
Phunzirani momwe mungakhazikire madzi otentha.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwira ntchito m'chipinda chokhala ndi malo okwera mamita 2.5, mapepala a mamita atatu amatengedwa.
Pano iwe uyenera kuwonjezera penipeni, tepiyeso ndi sikwere - sungathe kuchita popanda iwo.
Ndi chimango chokwera mndandanda wa zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zomaliza, komanso chida choyezera chikhale chimodzimodzi (gulu lokha limangowonongeka).
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti tiwerenge momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito kusinthana ndi kutuluka m'nyumbayo ndi manja awo.Zoona, zigawo zina ndi zipangizo zinawonjezeka mu mawonekedwe:
- mbiri (zitsogozo ndi denga) ndi zowonjezera;
- kuimitsa mwachindunji;
- dowels ndi screws;
- lumo zitsulo;
- screwdriver.
Mukudziwa? Drywall inapezeka m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu - mwiniwake wa pepala la mapepala Augustine Sakett anapanga "zomangamanga" za zinyalala. Ndondomeko ya 1.5 masentimita inali ndi mapepala 10 ndi pepala lochepa.
Kwa makoma ovuta amathandizanso punch. Kuchokera ku mphuno mudzafunikira tsamba lalikulu ndi korona (ngati mukufunikira kupanga mabowo ozungulira).
Kukonzekera kwa maziko
Zonse "zowonjezera" zasonkhana, ndipo mukhoza kupitiriza. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera makoma. 
Zotsatirazi ndi izi:
- Zowonongeka ndi ming'alu zodzala ndi mchenga kapena mchenga;
- Pambuyo kuyanika, khoma liyenera kutsukidwa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito pepala la emery ndi kukula kwa mbewu za 60-80 unit. Ndimeyi imapangidwira mwatsatanetsatane, kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri, yopezerapo mphalapala pamtunda waukulu;
- Zowonjezereka zowonjezera zidzafuna kutsanulira thovu. Amagwira mofulumira, ndipo atatha kuyanika, kupitirira komwe kwapita kunja kumadulidwa ndi mpeni;
- ndiye khoma likuyeretsedwa ndi fumbi (yoyenera ngati burashi yaikulu, ndi choyeretsa chotsuka);
- siteji yotsatira ndi yoyambira. Zolembazo ziyenera kukhala zowuma;
- Pambuyo pazimenezi zimapanga mayendedwe olamulira.
Nkhani yosiyana ndi yokonzekera khoma lojambulapo. Zimapezeka kuti utoto umagwira mwamphamvu, ndipo kuchotsa izo sizingatheke. Koma pali yankho: kusunga yankho, monga momwe liyenera kukhalira, pamwamba pamapangidwe.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga momwe mungachotsere utoto wakale.
Video: kuchotsa utoto pakhoma
Ndikofunikira! Khoma lakunja lakunja liyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pakhomo lapanyumba m'chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo muzisunga nthawi: pafupifupi masentimita 10 m'litali ndi 30 masentimita. Pa zolinga zimenezi, amagwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa kapena perforator ndi spatula yaikulu (chinthu chachikulu apa ndikuwerengera khama kuti musaloŵe kwambiri khoma).
Ngati kufufuza pogwiritsa ntchito msinkhu kumasonyeza kuti sikunayende bwino, koma sikungakhale kwanzeru kuthetsa makonzedwe apamwamba, matelojekiti osavuta kutsogolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Choyamba - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma beacons ngati mawonekedwe a zidutswa zowonongeka za mawonekedwe alionse. Chizindikirocho ndi zidutswa ziwiri, povumbulutsidwa pamapamwamba kwambiri ndi otsika kwambiri. Amagwidwa pa gulu ndikuika kuti ndege ikhale pamtunda womwewo. Zotsalirazo zimakhala ndi diso kwa iwo, ndipo muyesowo umakhala "wokhazikika" wokhazikika, womwe ungathandize kukhazikitsa pepala lalikulu.
Mungathe kuchita izi: pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yomweyi (koma popanda pepala), zilembo zimayengedwa motsatira mizere yozungulira 20-30 masentimita.
Kuonetsetsa kuti mapeto a mitu yawo ali pamlingo womwewo, pulasitala kapena glue amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wonse wa zojambula zokha, pambuyo pake malo oterewa aziwuma.
Mukudziwa? Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, m'matumba athu odzaza madzi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1950: mu zolembedwa zomangamanga za nthawi ya Soviet, adatchulidwa ngati slab.
Musanayambe kuchita zimenezi, ganizirani ngati zingakhale bwino. Ngati kusiyana kuli pafupi ndi 2 cm pambali yonse ya khoma, iwo amapereka zotsatira, koma "kupezeka" kwakukulu (makamaka pa ndege zosiyana) sizili zoyenera - zokhazokha zokha zidzasunga mkhalidwewo. Kugwira nawo ntchito akufotokozedwa pang'ono pansipa.
Kuchotsa kukula
Kuwerengera kolondola ndi theka la nkhondo. Pankhani ya plasterboard, ndondomeko kapena zojambula zimafunikira, zomwe zimaganizira maonekedwe onse. Ndipo pali ambiri a iwo: malo a mawindo ndi zitseko, masentimita ndi zitsulo.
Zonsezi zimawerengedwera pamapangidwe apangidwe, kuganizira kukula ndi makulidwe a mapepala - kupanga chiwerengero chokwanira pa pepala kumapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuwerengera kutalika kwake komwe mkangano udzagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa katatu. 
Kuwonetseratu kwa mapulani amenewa kumayamba ndi khoma:
- Mzere watchulidwa pa denga ndi pansi (mapeto a khoma lamtsogolo). Kuti muchite izi, tengani chingwe kapena utoto;
- ngati makonzedwe akukonzekera, chingwe chodutsa kudera lino kapena phokoso losungira mawu liyenera kuikidwa mosavuta pakati pa khoma ndi khoma. Koma kumbukirani kuti malo aakulu kwambiri "amabisala" malo a chipinda;
- Samalirani kwambiri pamakona. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti kuswana pa madigiri 90 sikuchitika nthawi zonse: kumalo amenewa, mapepala nthawi zambiri amafunika kudula. Zingati-ndi bwino kuwerengera mwamsanga, molingana ndi muyeso.
Pambuyo powerenga nambala zonse, pita kumapangidwe a pepala. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonongeka, zonse zimawoneka bwino: mizere yolunjika pamzere wowongoka ndi yopingasa amalinganiza ndi chithandizo cha tepi kapena olamulira, ndipo ngakhale bwino - mlingo (mulimonsemo, n'zotheka kuchita popanda zizindikiro zopangidwa ndi kutenga nawo gawo).
Ndikofunikira! Mphepete, yomwe idzasinthidwa pansi, nthawi zambiri imadulidwa ku 0.5-1 masentimita - izi ziziteteza ku chinyezi.
Zinthu zovuta kwambiri (zotsalira pansi pazitsulo, kusinthana, ndi zina zotero) zimafuna kukwera ndege. Ndi bwino ngati pali zikhomo zofanana zomwe zingathe "kuwonetsedwa" pa pepala, pamtunda wokwanira.
Kwa mabowo ozungulira azitenga makasitasi. Chinthu chovuta kwambiri chiri ndi zizindikiro za zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito - pogwiritsira ntchito kulemba, ndikofunikira kupanga mapangidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi. Ngakhale musanayambe kugwira ntchito zonsezi, ndi zofunika kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi cha nkhaniyi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakapita kayendetsedwe ka ngodya ndi m'mphepete mwadzidzidzi akhoza kuonongeka - pulasitalayo imagwedezeka. Malo ovuta nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa dongosolo (musaiwale za izi, pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha mutayika njirayi, zidzatulukira kuti mazenera ndi mabala onse "asamuka").
Mukudziwa? Agiriki akale ankatchedwa gypsum mosavuta komanso mophweka - mchere woyera.
Kukonzekera mapepala a drywall
Kufufuza manambala onse muyeso, pitirizani kukonza mapepala. Ndipo tiyeni tiyambe ndi kupanga, kapena kani kudula. 
Kudula
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zosavuta n'zosavuta:
- pepalali laikidwa pamtunda, wosalala. Koma izi ndizofunikira - pakuchita izi mwina sikuli pomwepo, ndipo mipando ingapo imasungidwa, yomwe ntchitoyi imayikidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, pamwamba sayenera kukhala wamphamvuy (mwina chinsalu chidzangosweka);
- chojambulidwa mu mzere wolembera chikupangidwa ndi mpeni, pansi pa wolamulira;
- cholowera choyamba chiri kumbali yakutsogolo, ndi pulasitala ikulowetsa m'mphindi. Samalani: mpeni umayesedwa ndi khama, kuyesa kuchotsapo pang'ono momwe zingathere kuchokera kumzere. Siyeneranso kuchita maulendo afupipafupi "oyang'ana" ndi chisel - kungoyenda ndi kuikidwa mmanda;
- ndiye pepalayo imatembenuzidwa ndipo, pambuyo poiwombera pamzere wolowera, imadutsa phokosoli.
Zonsezi ndi zabwino, koma ngati mukufunika kuchitapo kanthu, njirayi imasintha (pamodzi ndi zipangizo). Njira yosavuta yopangira maulendo oyendayenda ali ndi korona yokwera pazowola - phokosoli limapereka mwayi wotseguka ndi ming'alu yazing'ono.
Video: momwe mungadulire mawindo owuma mosavuta Ngati sichoncho, mabowo aphwanyidwa pazinthu zingapo mndandanda wamtsogolo. Kumeneko kumatsogolera jigsaw blade, yomwe ikuchitika motsatizana - njira yolondola yolumikizira molondola.
Mizere yozungulira yokhala ndi makompyuta kapena yokongola kwambiri imadula pamadontho apadera omwe amawombera. Mu mawonekedwe, uwu ndi mpeni womwewo, koma uli ndi mano ndi chogwiritsira ntchito champhamvu. Kugwira naye ntchito kumafuna kuleza mtima kwakukulu - chida chabwino, koma samakhululukira zolakwa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kawirikawiri m'nyumbazi muli alendo osalandiridwa, omwe zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa kwa iwo. Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwirire ndi nyerere, ntchentche, moths, springtails ndi mbewa.
Kupenya
Zimayendetsedwa m'njira ziwiri - kugwiritsa ntchito ma beacons (kuika kwawo kukufotokozedwa pamwambapa) ndi pamalo pomwepo. Njira yoyamba imakhala yodalirika kwambiri motsatira ndondomeko, pamene yachiwiri ndi yochepa kwambiri ya ntchito. Nzosadabwitsa kuti iye akufunidwa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito gululi sikulangizidwa kuti mugawane ponseponse.
Drywall LighthouseNjira iyi ikuwoneka motere:
- Pamalo olembedwawo, makoma akudutsanso kamodzi kuti adziwe kukula kwake kwa mtsogolo pazithunzi zosiyana;
- Kenaka konzekerani njira yothandizira. Madzi owuma amadzaza madzi kutentha, amawasungira kwa mphindi 2-3 ndikuphatikizidwa ndi dzanja kapena ndi chosakaniza mpaka minofu yopanda mimba (ngati phala lakuda). Kuchuluka kwa madzi, mlingo wa mankhwala owuma, komanso malingaliro oyenera, kumadalira mtundu weniweni, kotero werengani malangizo;
- Kusakanizidwa kotsirizidwa kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito mkatikati mwa pepala - gulu la pulasitiki limasiyidwa mmenemo pafupi ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mimba mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10, ndi kutalika - kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 cm;
- chiwerengerocho chingakonzedwe: ngati pepala ili pamtundawu likupita pakhomopo, ikani yaing'ono, koma pa chigawo chachikulu, gawo loyenera likufunika. Koma mulimonsemo, ayenera kukhala pamakona a pepala.
Muyenera kugwira ntchito mofulumira: guluu limalira mwapadera mu 20-30 mphindi. Choncho, nthawi yomweyo pitani kumalo.
Kupaka: teknoloji
Iyi ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina imafuna kuthandizidwa ndi wothandizira - pepala limodzi ndi glue lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito likuchedwa ndi 35 kapena ngakhale makilogalamu 40:
- pepala palokha liyikidwa pamphepete yaing'ono (1 masentimita aliwonse) ndi pang'onopang'ono, koma mofulumira, idatsamira pa khoma, osaiwala kukoka pamwamba pamphepete mwa denga. Apa ndikofunikira, mwa njira, kugwiritsa ntchito lemba pakati pa mphete ndi GSL;
- ndiye pamwamba pake pamakanikizidwa pakhoma. Kuti muchite izi, tengani wolamulira wamkulu kapena lamulo poyera pa ndege, malinga ndi zomwe amagogoda ndi nyundo yapira;
- Kupitilira njira iyi kuchokera pansi, tsambali likugwirizana mwatchutchutchu kwa makope omwe kale ali nawo;
- Musaiwale kuchotsa gululi - chokumana ndi khoma la chisakanizocho chidzatulukamo, ndipo chidzachotsa nthawi yomweyo (osanamve).
Video: kumamatira mawotchi owuma
Ponena za ziwalozo, pali mfundo imodzi yofunika: m'mphepete mwachindunji, zimakhala zoyenera, ndithudi, mapeto ndi mapeto, koma magawo omwe ali m'mphepete mwake amatsitsidwa ndi 4-5 mm.
Malangizo akuwoneka ophweka, koma zenizeni zonse ziri zovuta ndi kukula kwa pepala ndi kulemera kwake, komwe kumafuna luso linalake. Ngakhale kuti kawirikawiri zoyamba 2-3 "zidutswa" n'zovuta, kenako ntchito imapita mofulumira kwambiri.
Kukonzekera mthunzi
Zithunzi zomwe adazipeza pakukonzekera zimafunikiranso kusamalidwa bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, ziwalo zomwe zimapezeka polembera mapepala okhala pamtunda amapindula.
Kuonetsetsa kuti pamtunda ndi pamtunda, msoko umadzaza ndi guluu. Ngakhale izi zikupita, ngati mpata uli 4 mm kapena kuposerapo (zochepetsetsa zosavuta zimakhala zovuta pakukonzekera - zimachitika kuti kusakaniza kwakukulu sikungakwaniritse "khosi" lochepa).
Mukudziwa? Ku USA ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, udindo wa mafelemu a drywall nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ku matabwa.
Zotsutsana ndi m'mphepete mwake, nthawi ya 5 mm ndi yofunikira, komanso pamwamba pa kutalika kwake. Ngati ili laling'ono, muyenera kuliyang'anitsitsa mosamala, kubweretsa kusiyana kwa chiwerengero chomwe mukufuna.
Mtsindi womasindikiza
Zimapangidwa kokha pambuyo poti gululi limauma. Pambuyo pake, kuika koyamba kumakonzedwa (mavoliyumu, mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana - kuwerenga mosamala deta pa phukusi).
Zokongola zimayenda pafupi ndi dongosolo:
- Mzere woyamba wa putty uli pakati pa mapepala;
- Pa iyo (pakati pa msoko) amakoka chidutswa cha ukonde wa serpyanka wautali wofunikanso, pamwamba pa wina wosanjikiza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- pogawirana ndi spatula, muyese mlingo (ndikofunikira kuti chingwe chapamwamba chizitha ndi mapepala). Ngati ndi kotheka, pangani "zowonjezera";
- kuyembekezera kuyanika, kuika pepala lochepetsetsa lakumaliza, lomwe pamapeto pake linatsuka ndi pepala la emery.
Video: mawindo a drywall
Kugwira nawo ntchito atakonzedwa Mphepete mwa msoko amagwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi. Komabe, ndi kofunika kuti tisiyanitse ndi galasi potsamira - kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta, kuyika kwapadera kumasakaniza pang'ono.
Zizindikiro za kukwera pa chimango
Tapeza kuti mafelemu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makoma osagwirizana. Gawo loyamba ndilo ndithudi kuphwanya. Ikuchitika ndi diso pa malo otchuka kwambiri, omwe padzakhala zowonjezera zamtsogolo.
Ndikofunikira! Ntchito yotereyi imagwiritsa ntchito mbiri yokhazikika.
Mipata imayendetsa pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono, ndi kutumiza kumakoma oyandikana, padenga ndi pansi. Pakati pa zowonongeka zimachoka ku 0,6-1 m (ngakhale mutha kutenga masentimita 40 kuti mukhale olimba).
Msonkhano wapangidwe imayamba ndi kukhazikitsa chithunzithunzi chotsogolera, chomwe chikuphatikizidwa ndi dowels. Kenaka, kutsogoloza mosasunthika kumayikidwa, komwe kumabweretsamo mapulaneti a miyala (iwo amavomereza ntchito yopopera ndikupitiriza kupuma ndi makina osindikizira).
Video: momwe mungapangire chimango cha zowuma
Zingwezi panthawi ya msonkhanowo sizinayanjanitsidwe ndizitsogolere, mwinamwake zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zikuyenda muwondo. Koma izi zisanachitike, m'pofunika kuyendetsa makina kapena mauthenga ena kudzera mu chimango ndikuyika kutentha kapena kutsekemera phokoso pamenepo (ubweya wa mchere ndi ntchito yabwino).
Ndimwini mapulogalamu zatsogoleredwa ndi kukonzekera pepala kwa kukula komwe mukufuna. Icho chidzafulumira ngati mizere yosonyeza malo a mbiri pansi pa mapepala imapangidwira. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikuluzikulu, m'zinthu zochepa za 15-20 masentimita.
Mukasonkhanitsa, mphutsiyi imayenera kuikidwa m'manda mkati mwake. Koma nkofunika kuwerengera mphamvu: kukakamiza kwambiri pa screwdriver, mukhoza "kuwunikira" kuvala kapena kuchoka chisokonezo.
Mitsempha imakhala yovuta kwambiri, koma imakhalanso ndi phindu lodziwika bwino: Panthawi yoika, pepala likhoza kulongosoledwa pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomozo kapena kuzimasula.
Mukudziwa? Kupanga gypsum kumakhala matani mamiliyoni ambiri. Kotero, mu 2010, matani 147 miliyoni a zokolola izi analandiridwa padziko lapansi.
Video: kuika kwa drywall
Ntchito yina (makamaka ndi zigawo) imachepetsedwa kuti ikhale yozoloŵera kale: kuika galasi ndi mchere, kutsatiridwa ndi kupota.
Tsopano muli ndi lingaliro la momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi kuikapo khoma la pulasitiki, ndipo chomwe chikufunika pa izi. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi zothandiza, ndipo zotsatira za kukonza zidzakondweretsa diso. Kupambana ndi kulondola mu kuwerengera!
Mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
