Ngati mwasankha kukula pakhomo, ndikofunikira kudziŵa momwe mungasamalire bwino maluwa awa, momwe mungalengezere, kumuthirani ndi kuthira manyowa. Mfundo zofunika izi zidzakuthandizani ngakhale wolima amayamba kukula shrub. Zambiri pa izi mu nkhani yathu.
Mfundo zambiri
Brovalliya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chokongoletsera, chikhoza kuikidwa m'nyumba, pabwalo komanso m'munda. Kawirikawiri, alimi amalima brunchia okongola, omwe maluwa ake ndi a buluu. Chomeracho chimamera nthawi yaitali, mosasamala nyengo, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. 
Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera
Ku Ulaya, jewallia anabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Colombia - dziko lomwe limatengedwa kukhala dziko lakwawo. Ndi maluwa pachaka omwe amatha kufika mamita 1.5 mu malo ake achirengedwe, ndipo pakhomo akhoza kukhala masentimita 40. Maluwawo akhoza kuima kapena ndi mphukira yoonda, yochepa. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate ndipo amatha kutsogolo, kuyambira 2 mpaka 9 cm m'litali ndi 2-4 masentimita m'lifupi.
Gawo la maluwa ndi lalifupi - 2.5 masentimita. Lili ndi maluwa osakwatira omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndi burashi. Zygomorphic corolla ili ndi 5 peresenti theka limodzi. Zimakhala ngati ndodo yotseguka.
Mtundu wa inflorescences ukhoza kukhala ndi mthunzi wosiyana, zimadalira maluwa osiyanasiyana. Zipatso zimakhala zowonongeka, zowoneka bwino, zili ndi mbewu. Bloovalia ikukula ndi miyezi 16-18, popanda kupumula, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, inflorescences ikhoza kutaya kuwala kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Moyo wa duwa ndi zaka ziwiri, panthawi imeneyi imamasula kamodzi kokha, koma moyo wake ukhoza kupitilizidwa ndi chithandizo cha kubereka.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu yochepa ya basallia. Zipangizo zamaluwa zomwe zimakonzedwa bwino kuti zisamalire pakhomo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Brullalia ndi okongola kwambiri - maluwa wamba pakati pa alimi a maluwa, kutalika kwake - masentimita 40. Iwo ali ndi masamba aubweya wobiriwira otalika mpaka masentimita 6. Zomwe zimapanga masentimita 3 mu kukula zimabwera mosiyanasiyana: buluu, buluu kapena zofiirira ndi malo owala. Maluwa imatenga miyezi 12.
- Chizungu cha America - Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ina ndi tsitsi lochepa komanso nthawi yayitali. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi awiri a masentimita 2.5, osakwatiwa. Hue inflorescences wofiirira kapena buluu. Shrub mpaka 60 masentimita kwambiri wophimbidwa ndi maluwa.
- Okhazikika - Kutalika kwa shrub ya zosiyanasiyanazi ndi 30 cm. Dzina la browallia limatchulidwa chifukwa cha tsitsi lomwe likugwirizana ndi tsinde. Inflorescences amasamba maluwa ambiri, ali aang'ono, mtundu wa buluu ndi malo oyera. M'munda, duwa likhoza kuphulika musanayambe chisanu.
- Alba - mitundu yosiyana yamitundu yapitayi, ili ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi chikasu. Oyenerera kuswana mu zipinda.
- Safira - Chitsamba n'chochepa, mpaka masentimita 20 mu msinkhu. Anapeza dzina chifukwa cha mthunzi wa buluu. Amamveka nthawi zonse chaka chonse.
- Beluu wa buluu - Maluwa osakanizidwa omwe sakhala odzichepetsa pa chisamaliro. Mtengo wa chitsamba umakula mpaka masentimita 35 mu msinkhu. Ndalama zimapangidwa m'mwezi wachitatu mutatha kufesa. Mzere wa maluwa - 3 masentimita, mtundu wawo ndi wabuluu ndi mithunzi yosiyana.
- Brullalia marina bell - mofanana ndi zosiyana siyana, ndi wosakanizidwa. Zili ndi zochepa zokhala ndi masentimita 2 ndipo zimayamba kupanga masamba m'mwezi wachiwiri mutatha kufesa. Maluwa ndi a buluu.
- Belu la siliva - ndi wosakanizidwa. Ma inflorescences amafanana ndi nyenyezi zisanu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo mamita ake ndi masentimita atatu, mtunduwo ndi woyera.
Ntchito
Mitundu yambiri ya nkhanza ikhoza kusungidwa osati pokhapokha m'nyumba, komanso pa loggias, makonde, komanso m'munda, chifukwa amakhoza pachimake m'mayendedwe asanayambe chisanu. Maluwa samangongoletsa zokha, komanso muzidzaza nyumba yanu ndi fungo lokoma.
Mukudziwa? Bovallia anawonekera ku Ulaya mu 1846. Dzina lake linatchulidwa kulemekeza bishopu wa Sweden, dokotala ndi botanist Johannes Bruvallya.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulima kulimbikitse kunyumba
Brovalia ndi chomera chosadulidwa, koma kuti mukule maluwa okongola kwambiri, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a kusamalira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthirira ndi kudula mphukira zouma. Kuonjezerapo, mfundo zina zofunika, zomwe mungaphunzire zambiri, zimatumizidwa ku njira zothandizira. 
Kusankha malo
Mitengo ya m'nyumbayi ndi yachikondi, koma sichilola kuwala kwa masamba, chifukwa akhoza kutenthedwa. Koma popanda kusowa kuwala, maluwawo adzaphuka kwambiri. Kukonzekera m'nyumba, ndi bwino kuyika pazenera loyatsa bwino, ndi mthunzi pang'ono, ndipo ngati mukukula chomera pamalo kapena kumunda, chiyenera kuikidwa kumbali ya kummawa. Pa nthawi yomweyi malo osankhidwa ayenera kukhala opanda ma drafts.
Mukudziwa? Brovalliya ndi wa banja la solanaceae, choncho ndi wachibale wa mbatata ndi tomato.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
Kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi zofunika kwa duwa, chifukwa kuzizira kapena kutentha kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chomeracho.
Ganizirani zomwe zizindikirozi ziyenera kukhala nthawi zosiyanasiyana:
- M'chaka Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Pa nthawi ino ya chaka ndi bwino kuyika duwa kumadzulo kapena kumbali ya kummawa kwa chipinda. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala 60-70%, chifukwa cha izi mungagwiritse ntchito zowonongeka, zomwe zimayikidwa pa tray (moss, peat kapena miyala). Mukhozanso kuika pafupi ndi thanki la madzi ndi madzi, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasungunuka. Tsiku lililonse, chomeracho chiyenera kupopedwa ndi madzi otentha, koma siziyenera kugwera pa inflorescences, chifukwa zidzasowa ndipo zingagwe. Kutentha kwa nthawiyi kuyenera kukhala + 18 ... + 20 ° С.
- M'chilimwe Maluwa akhoza kuikidwa pa khonde kapena kutulutsidwa kumunda, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo, koma kutentha kwa zomwe zilipo kumafika ku 25 ° C. Kutentha pamwamba kuli kovuta kwa chomera, chifukwa icho chikhoza kufota chifukwa cha kutentha.
- M'dzinja nthawi ya tsiku iyenera kukhala yaitali mothandizidwa ndi kuunikira kwina, chifukwa ngati kulibe kuwala, duwa silidzaphulika. Kutentha m'chipinda chomwe chapansi chapansi chiyenera kukhala pa 18+ + 20 ° С, pamene m'pofunika kuti pang'onopang'ono mukhale pansi kuti mukonzekerere mbewu m'nyengo yozizira. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala 50-60%.
- M'nyengo yozizira Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala + 16 ... + 18 ° C, chifukwa mpweya wabwino ukuthandiza masamba, ndipo kutentha ndi kupanda kuwala, zomera zidzayamba kufooketsa. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala pamlingo wa 40-50%.
Malangizo Othandizira
Ngakhale kuti baurovliya ndi chodzichepetsa chomera, zimayenera kulipira mwapadera ndikugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yothirira, feteleza, kudulira ndi kuika mu mphika watsopano. Njira zonsezi ziyenera kuchitika mwa dongosolo lina. Taganizirani izi mwachindunji.
Ndikofunikira! Pali mankhwala oopsa m'mamasamba ndi pamtengo wa budvalia, choncho duwa ndi loopsa. Ndikofunika kuti izi zisatheke kwa ana ndi zinyama, ndipo atagwira nawo ntchito, sambani manja bwinobwino.
Kuthirira
Udzu wothira nthaka uyenera kuchitidwa mosasamala kumene maluwa ali: m'munda, pa khonde kapena mu chipinda. Koma ziyenera kunyalidwa m'malingaliro kuti kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kungachititse kuvunda kwa mizu. Kusamalira chomera chotchedwa potted amasankha madzi okwanira. Ndi njira iyi, mizu idzapeza chinyezi chokwanira. Madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ofewa, kutentha kwapakati. Pa kutentha, muyenera kuthirira maluwa tsiku ndi tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikwanira kuthira nthaka katatu pamlungu. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuti bravallia akusangalatse iwe ndi maluwa ake, nkofunika kuti ulemeretse ndi zakudya. Onjezerani feteleza kumadzi kwa ulimi wothirira ndi kudyetsa chomera nthawi 1 mu masiku 14. Zomwe feteleza zimapangidwa ziyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, popeza izi zimaphatikizapo maluwa.
Nthawi zina budallia masamba sangaonekere kwa nthawi yaitali. Izi, pachiyambi, ndi zotsatira za zolakwika pa kusamalira maluwa, makamaka, kubzala bouvalla mu poto lalikulu, kumene mizu m'nthaka imakula kwambiri, chifukwa chosoŵa mchere, kuwala kapena nayitrogeni.
Phunzirani zambiri, momwe mungadyetse zomera zamkati.
Kudulira
Kudulira sikungotero kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi maluwa kuchokera ku chitsamba, komanso kuti apange. Mphepete mwazitsamba za mphukira amafunika kuzitsamba ku chitsamba chinayamba masamba obwera. Kuchotsedwa kwa masamba owuma ndi opukuta ndi maluwa kumachitika panthawi yamaluwa.
Kuwonjezera apo, kudulira nthawi yaitali moyo wa duwa, chifukwa umachotsa zowonongeka zowonongeka, zakale komanso zowonjezera, zomwe zimachotsa umoyo wa mbewu. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, gwiritsani ntchito zitsamba zamaluwa, zomwe zimadulidwa mosamala. 
Kuwaza
Zomwe zinachitikira maluwa amalima amadziwa kuti nthawi ya maluwa ndizosatheka kuziika maluwa. Brovalia - maluwa osakhwima omwe salola kulemba. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito njira yosinthira, yomwe ndi kuti chomera chimayikidwa mu mphika watsopano pamodzi ndi clod ya dziko lapansi akale. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika musanakhale maluwa. Nthaka yabwino yothirira nayonso ndi osakanikirana, mchenga, humus, nkhuni ku chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1: 1.
Ndikofunikira! Zomera za Biennial sizikuphulika mochuluka ngati achinyamata, ndipo zimakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuti mutengere chomeracho ndi chatsopano, chomwe chingakulire kuchokera ku mbewu kapena kudula ku chitsamba chakale.
Kubereka kunyumba
Pali njira ziwiri zoberekera zomera: pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings ndi mbewu.
Taganizirani izi:
Pofuna kufalitsa maluwa awa mbewu, muyenera kuchoka pa maluwa awiri mabokosi, omwe ali ndi mbeu 10. Kubzala kumafuna nthaka yokonzedwa. Amakolola ku humus ndi mchenga wofanana kapena kugula m'masitolo apadera okonzeka kusakaniza.
Nthaka imayikidwa mu bokosi ndi kupanga zochepa zazing'ono zomwe zimayikidwa ndipo zimayambitsidwa ndi botolo la kutsitsi. Bokosili liri ndi filimu kapena galasi ndipo amaikidwa pamalo okongola ndi kutentha kwa 18 ... + 20 ° С. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuthamanga maola 2-3, ndibwino kuti muzichita m'mawa. 
Mphukira yoyamba idzawoneka masiku asanu ndi awiri. Njira yowonjezera yonse imatenga masiku 8 mpaka 14. Mbewuyo ikamera ndipo mizu yawo imalimbikitsidwa, imatha kuziika mu miphika iliyonse, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira madzi.
Kwa kuswana cuttings Tengani cuttings kulikonse mu chomera. Iwo amachokera mu gawo lowala, likhoza kukhala mchenga kapena m'madzi, kukonzekera kudula kwa wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera mu thumba la pulasitiki. Pamene mizu ya zomera imabzalidwa m'magawo osiyana.
Mavuto angakhalepo
Pamene mukukula brovalia, pangakhale mavuto omwe sagwirizane ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, komanso ndi maonekedwe a tizirombo ndi matenda:
- Mame a Mealy - Matenda wamba a duwa lotero. Zikuwoneka ngati chovala choyera choyera pamtengo ndi masamba a duwa. Ngati siidasinthidwe, masambawo amdima komanso amauma. Mavuto okondweretsa matendawa ndi otentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi. Pofuna kuchotsa powdery mildew, m'pofunikira kuchiza chomera ndi fungicidal wothandizira ("Mchiritsi" kapena "Topaz").
- Aphid - wamba chomera tizilombo. Ikuwoneka ngati malo wakuda, opangidwa ndi mfundo za mfundo. Aphid imaipitsa masamba a bulauni, amasintha mtundu wake, imamwa madzi kuchokera ku tsinde, zomwe zimawombera maluwa. Kawirikawiri nsabwe za m'masamba zimaonekera pa zomera zomwe zili mumsewu. Pofuna kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunikira kuti tipeze duwa ndi kukonzekera "Inta-vir", "Aktara" kapena "Fozalon".
- Ntchentche yoyera - ndi tizilombo towononga maluwa awa. Tizilombo tating'ono timakhala kumbuyo kwa pepala. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumayambitsidwa ndi mphutsi zazing'ono za whitefly, zomwe zimadyetsa maluwa. Pang'onopang'ono, chomeracho chimayamba kufota ndi kufa. Kuti muchotse mphutsi, m'pofunika kuti muzisamalira shrub ndi madzi sosa ndi kudula zidutswa za mbeu zomwe zakhudzidwa kale ndi tizilombo. Pofuna kuteteza whitefly kuti asamenyane ndi njerwa, mutha kuyika tepi yovuta kuchokera ku ntchentche pafupi ndi maluwa.
- Kangaude mite - izo zikhoza kuwonedwa pa intaneti pa mphukira ndi masamba. Zimayambitsa chomeracho ndi malo amdima, kumene kumakhala mdima wambiri. Mite salola kuti chinyezi chikhale cholimba, choncho, pofuna kuteteza matendawa, nkofunika kutsuka chitsamba kuchokera ku botolo lazitsulo. Ngati maluwawo ali kale ndi kachilombo ka HIV, m'pofunikira kuchiza ndi mankhwala oledzeretsa. Ndiyenso bwino tincture wa calendula kapena adyo.
- Mealybug - amapanga nkhondo pamtengo, wofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje. Kuwonjezera apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa madzi a maluwa, imatulutsa zinthu zoopsa pamalo a kuluma, zomwe zimafalikira pamtunda. Pofuna kuthetseratu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkofunika kuthana ndi chitsamba ndi njira yapadera ("Inta-vir" kapena "Aktellik") ndikuchotsani malo okhudzidwawo.
Mwa kukhala wokhulupirika ku malamulo oyambirira a chisamaliro cha Brovallia, mukhoza kuwonjezera moyo wa chomera ndikupanga munda wokongola kunyumba. Chitsamba kwa zaka zambiri chidzakondweretsa iwe ndi mitundu yake yozizwitsa, kutulutsa zonunkhira zobiriwira ndi kutonthoza mtima kwanu.
