Ndikovuta kuti usamamvetsere kukongola kwachitsamba, chomwe chili ndi mphukira yaitali. Awa ndi allamanda.
Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ndi zomera zomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe. Ndipo ngakhale chikhalidwe chatsopano chokhazikika, sichikhoza kupiringa, koma sichimaoneka chokongola.
Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera
Chikhalidwecho chimatchedwa dzina la pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Leiden, Frederick Allamand. Chilengedwe chawo ndi malo otentha ku South America, makamaka m'mayiko a ku Brazil. Ndi wosasunthika chikhalidwe cha banja la Kutrovye.
Allamand imakula ngati mitengo, tchire, lianas. Kutalika kumafikira mamita 2 mpaka 10. Mphukira zakuya zimasintha. Ambiri mwa oimira mitundu ali ndi kukula kwakukulu maluwa okongola onunkhira a chikasu, chofiirira, chofiira, ma calal. Maluwa onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe a mphukira, imakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa pang'ono.
Zonsezi zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu akuluakulu. Muzitsegulo, kukula kwake kumakhala masentimita 12. Pambuyo maluwa, chipatso chaminga chokhala ndi mabokosi odzaza ndi mbewu zambiri amaikidwa m'malo mwa maluwa. Masamba ophika a zomera amaikidwa awiriawiri, amawoneka bwino, amasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso amakhala obiriwira bwino komanso obiriwira.
Allamanda imatulutsa chilimwe chili chonse. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, maluwa ambiri amabwereza chaka ndi chaka. Chikhalidwe ndi chokwanira kukula kwa nyengo yachisanu ndi minda ya greenhouses yomwe ili ndi mwayi waukulu wa malo komanso mvula yambiri. Sizowonjezereka kuyankhula m'malo okhala.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula allamanda, nkofunika kuti mukhale lamulo kuti mukhale osamala kwambiri posamalira zomera, chifukwa ziwalo zake zonse ndizoopsa. Chikhalidwe cha madzi amadzi akhoza kukhumudwitsa khungu ndi maso.
Allamandas
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 15 ya allamanda.
Otchuka kwambiri ndi:
- laxative - mtundu wa allamand wamba kwambiri m'nyumba. Icho chimakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha zotsatira zowopsya pa thupi la magawo a chomera chifukwa cha kumeza kwawo. Kunja, ichi ndi chomera chokwera chokwera mofulumira, chotha kufika mamita asanu ndi limodzi m'litali ndi zina zambiri. Nkhumba zimatha kukhala ndi maonekedwe osiyana achikasu ndi mtundu;
- zofiirira - imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa kwambiri yomwe ikukula. Masamba ake ndi a pubescent pang'ono, osonkhanitsidwa m'makokosi a zinthu 4. Maluwa a maluwa amatha kukhala kuchokera ku lilac mpaka kufiira. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa mpesa;
- oleandrolist - shrub ndi nthambi za kuskuschimi mpaka mamita 1 mu msinkhu. Mbali yakumtunda ya masamba ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowala, pansi - kuwala. Maluwa a chikasu amakula kuchokera pansi ndi pang'ono poyerekeza ndi a allamandi-lianas. Amatsegula masentimita 4;
- chikasu cha chikasu - mitundu yamba, yomwe imatchulidwa chifukwa cha maluwa okongola. Chikhalidwe chimakula mu mawonekedwe a shrub ndi kutalika kosaposa 90 cm popanda mphukira. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi masentimita 12 m'litali ndipo imakhala ndi petioles. Maluwa amaikidwa pa pedicels;
- wolemekezeka - mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe mphukira zawo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chigoba chofiira. Maluwa okongola amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mafinya oyera ndi fungo lodabwitsa;
- bigiflora - mtundu wa Allamand wokwera mobiriwira ndi maluwa okongola a mandimu omwe amakhala ndi masentimita 10 mu kukula. Masamba ndi ovate oval;
- Shota - mtundu wa allamand wokwera mofulumira mobiriwira, wokhala ndi mphukira pang'ono, wokhala ndi khungu lofiira. Masamba ndi ochuluka, ovunda, obiriwira, ndikupita ku mapepala 3-4. Maluwa ndi aakulu, olemera chikasu ndi mizere yofiira.
Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba
Ndibwino kusunga chikhalidwe kumalo obiriwira kapena malo akuluakulu ozizira ndi kutentha kwachilengedwe osati poyerekeza ndi madigiri. Poyamba, chomeracho chikhoza kudzimva chokha kumalo okhalamo, koma pamene chikukula, chiyenera kusunthira ku wowonjezera kutentha kapena munda wachisanu. Kwa allamand, kuunikira, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha ndizofunika kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ndi nyengo yozizira kapena nyengo yozizira, mvula, kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn, Allamanda amayamba kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa - maluwa ake amakhala mtundu wonyezimira.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Allamanda akudzipereka kuti azitha kuunika kwambiri, choncho amamva bwino kumwera, kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Koma nthawi yapadera, zomera zimayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, maola oposa 4 pa tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, allamand ayenera kupereka zina zowunikira.
Mavuto otentha
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi:
- m'chilimwe - kuyambira +20 mpaka +24 degrees;
- m'nyengo yozizira - kuyambira +15 mpaka madigiri a +18.
Ndikofunikira! Allamand sadziwa kwenikweni kutentha kwake. Kulamulira kwa nyengo yochepa chabe mkati + 1 ... +2 madigiri amatha kusintha. Pamene chisanu chimafa nthawi yomweyo.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Allamand amafuna mpweya wambiri wa mpweya. Chiwerengerochi chiyenera kukhala ndi 60-70 peresenti. Kupopera mankhwala mofewa, osati madzi ozizira kumathandiza kusunga izi. Muzitsitsimitsanso chinyezi cha zomera pamtengowo ndi malo osungunuka a sphagnum, dothi, mchenga, miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Kusamalira kwanu
Zimakhala zovuta kuti Allamanda akule panyumba, pamene akupereka zofunika kwambiri zosamalira.
Kusamba malamulo
Allamand amakonda chinyezi.
Koma nthawi zambiri kuthirira kwake kumadalira nyengo:
- M'nyengo ya chilimwe, madzi ayenera kukhala ochuluka, kuti nthaka isathe kuuma, koma siyeneranso kutsanulira;
- m'nyengo yozizira, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchepetsedwa, ayenera kukhala ocheperapo, kuti dothi la pamwamba likhale ndi nthawi yowuma.
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa maluwa, madzi pa kupopera mbewu sayenera kugwera pa maluwa kuti asapewe mapangidwe a mdima pamtambo.
Kupaka pamwamba
M'chaka ndi kasupe, pa kukula nyengo ndi maluwa feteleza ayenera kuchitika kamodzi kapena kawiri pa mwezi. Zoposa zonse ziri zoyenera pazinthu izi zovala zovuta kwambiri zapanyumba. Ntchito ina yosungiramo zitsulo zamchere ndi zowonongeka ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.
Kudulira
Allamandas amadulidwa kuti akwaniritse zolinga zingapo:
- zoletsera kutalika kwa kukula kwawo;
- chivundikiro chophimba masamba;
- kuonjezera chiwerengero cha maluwa ndi maluwa okongola.
Kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa mwina kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira - kumayambiriro kwa masika pamaso pa maluwa, kapena kumapeto kwa autumn pambuyo pa maluwa kuima. Mbewu iyenera kukhala yachitatu kapena theka kutalika kwa nthambi. Mdulidwe uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa masamba a masamba ndi kukula. Mphukira zofooka ndi zowonjezera ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, sungani mphukira zazing'ono. Chikhalidwe chimapangidwira bwino, kotero ngakhale kuchokera ku chitsamba cha allamanda chokula mofulumira komanso chokwanira mungathe kupanga munthu wokongola. Kwa ichi, thandizo lapadera lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuwaza
Chigamulo chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo okhwima kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, ali wamng'ono pakatha chaka chilichonse. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite zozizira m'chaka kuti tiyambe kukula. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa thanki lokhala ndi masentimita 20, chomeracho sichitha kubzalidwa, kuchepetsa mizu yake ndikuwonjezera nthaka yatsopano.
Kukula kwa mphamvu ya kusamalidwa kumadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya allamand: chifukwa chokula mofulumira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito "kukula", pokhala ndi malo osungira, kukula kwa pang'onopang'ono, kutalika kwa miphika kungafanane ndi theka la kutalika kwa chomera. Chotsitsa chokhala nacho chiyenera kukhala ndi dzenje la kukhetsa. Mzere wosanjikizidwa wa dothi kapena miyala yachitsulo yowonjezera imayikidwa pansi, kenako nthaka yosakaniza, mizu ya mbewuyo imayikidwa pa iyo, yoposedwa ndi nthaka yotsalirayo. Pakuti kukwera kwa mitundu kumafunikira chithandizo.
Ndikofunikira! Allamand yatsopano yomwe idagulidwa iyenera kusinthidwa posakhalitsa patatha masiku 14, kuti athe kuzindikira mavuto omwe alipo atsopano (matenda, tizirombo) ndikuwongolera kusintha kwake. Nthawi iyi idzakuthandizani kudziwa ndi kusankha mphamvu yoyenera kubzala.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa allamanda ndi kukula, nthaka yochepa ya asidi, yomwe imadziwika ndi kufunika kwa zakudya, kusasunthika, kusaloŵerera m'ndale, imakhala yoyenera. Zikhoza kukonzedwa kuchokera ku tsamba, sod, peat, humus ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 4: 2: 2: 2: 1 kapena sod, tsamba lapansi, humus ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1: 1.
Kuswana
Allamanda imabzala mbeu ndi zomera.
Cuttings
Kufalitsa ndi cuttings kumachitika m'magulu angapo:
- Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira - pakubwera kwa kasupe, zidutswa za hafu zowonjezereka zimadulidwa, kutalika kwake kumachokera pa 8 mpaka 10 cm.
- Kuchokera pansi, zigawozi sizingakhale zogwirizana ndi kukula kwa stimulator (Zircon, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, succinic acid solution).
- The cuttings obzalidwa wothira mchenga, zomwe ndi bwino pang'ono kutenthetsa kuchokera pansi.
- Chophimba mbande ndi pulasitiki kapena chida china choyera chomwe chimapatsa kuwala.
- Kuchita nthawi zonse kuthamanga ndi kupopera mbewu, kupitiriza kukhala ndi ubwino wa chinyezi, komanso kutentha kwapakati pa 23+ + madigiri 25.
- Pamene masamba oyambirira akuwonekera, posonyeza kuti rooting idapambana, kudula kungapangidwe mu nthaka ya zakudya.
- Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo kapena ziwiri padzakhala chitukuko chonse cha Allamand.
Ndikofunikira! Allamand imatchula zomera zomwe zimatha kukhala mizu mumadzi, makamaka powonjezera zowonjezera mizu.
Mbewu
Mbali zofalitsa mbewu:
- Kumapeto kwa February kapena pakuyamba kwa March, mbewu za allamand zikhoza kufesedwa.
- Choyamba kufesa zimatengedwa ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate, yosambitsidwa ndi youma.
- Mbewu zafesedwa mu nthaka yonyowa yomwe ili ndi mchenga ndi peat mu magawo ofanana, pamtunda wa masentimita 3 kapena 5, owazidwa ndi dothi la 0,5 cm.
- Chophimbacho chimaperekedwa ndi polyethylene kapena zinthu zina zomveka.
- Nthaŵi zambiri mpweya ndi utsi.
- Sungani ulamuliro wa kutentha pa + 22 ... + madigiri 25.
- Pambuyo masabata 4-6 ayenera kuoneka mphukira zoyamba.
- Pomwepo muyenera kuyamba kuyala mbewu popanda pogona.
- Pambuyo poonekera masamba angapo, nyemba zimapangidwira ndikuziika pang'onopang'ono m'magawo okhala ndi zakudya zowonjezera.
Mukudziwa? Mbalame ziwiri zokongola kwambiri za liana zimatha kupezeka ku allamanda wofiira kwambiri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Njira yakukula ya allamand ili ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, yosasamala zomwe zingayambitse matenda:
- masamba azipiringa ndipo musanduke bulauni - Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kapena hypothermia. Ndikofunika kutenga njira zowonetsera ulimi wothirira ndi kutentha;
- masamba amatembenukira chikasu - kusowa kowala ndi zakudya. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, zomera zimakula kwambiri. Kupereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha fetereza ndi fetereza kumathandiza kuthana ndi vuto;
- mphukira imatengedwa, masamba amatembenuka - chifukwa chake ndi kusowa kwa kuwala ndi zakudya. Ndikofunika kukonza zina zowunikira ndi kudyetsa zomera;
- zimayambira pansi zimayamba kutembenuka wakuda ndi kuvunda - zimachitika chifukwa cha kubzala pamene mukudzala ndi kupitirira ndi kutentha kwake. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, zomera zathanzi zimayikidwa, kuthirira kwina kumaphatikizapo ndi kuwonjezera kwa fungicide, zomwe zowonongeka zimawonongedwa.
Mukudziwa? Allamand anali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omera ndi antibacterial kumbali ya tizilombo ta staphylococcal. Amathandizira kupeŵa mavuto a malungo, jaundice, akulimbana ndi nthenda yotambasula.
Pakati pa tizirombo, chokhumudwitsa komanso choopsa kwa Allamand ndi ematodes, nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude, whiteflies.
Pofuna kulimbana nawo, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa:
- Thirani chomera kumalo atsopano;
- Kuchiza nthaka ndi chikhalidwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mavuto akukula
Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa allamand kumayenda bwino, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mavuto ena. Chodetsa nkhaŵa makamaka ndi kupsinjika kwa chikhalidwe chomwe chimapezeka pamene chisamaliro chosayenera cha zomera. Pofuna kupeŵa mawonetseredwe oterewa, muyenera kuchita bwino kuthirira, feteleza, kuti muzitha kutentha ndi kutentha.
Komanso, posamalira allamanda, munthu sayenera kuiwala za zilakolako zoipa za chikhalidwe chake, motero, zizindikiro ziyenera kuwonedwa:
- mutatha kuika, kuchepetsa manjawo ayenera kutsukidwa ndi sopo;
- sikuvomerezeka kugwira ntchito yotsegula kuti madzi asagwire khungu;
- Musati muike zomera kuti zipezeke kwa ana.
Samalani maluwa a mkaka wa m'nyanja.
Allamanda ndi chikhalidwe chopanda chidziwitso, chomwe sichimakula ndi aliyense wamaluwa. Koma kumatsatira mwamphamvu malamulo ndi ndondomeko za kubzala, kukula ndi kusamalira kudzakuthandizira kupambana pa nkhaniyi. Ndipo kukongola kodabwitsa ndi fungo lapadera la duwa lidzakhala mphoto yabwino kwa wojambula amisiri.
