Chenjerani Fusarium adzafuna zomera - ndi mtundu wanji wa kuukira ndi momwe ungachotsedwe?

Fusarium ndi matenda omwe amafala komanso oopsa omwe angayambitse zomera zosiyanasiyana pa msinkhu uliwonse.

Matendawa ndi ofunika kwambiri, amapita kudutsa mu nthaka ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono a zomera. Ambiri omwe amatsutsidwa ndi fusarium anafooketsa zomera.

M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za zizindikiro zowonongeka kwa zomera, zowopsa za matendawa ndi zofunikira za chitukuko chake, komanso kupereka zokhudzana ndi njira zothandizira ndi zothandiza zothandiza zothandizira.

Ndi chiyani?

Fusarium wilt kapena, monga momwe imatchedwanso zowola zowuma, ndi matenda owopsa a fungal omwe amakhudza mitsempha ya mbewu zakulima ndi zaulimi. Matendawa amakhudzanso minofu ya zomera, kuchititsa mizu, mbewu ndi zipatso kuti zivunda.

Kodi ndikuti ndikuti bwanji?

Fusarium wilting imayamba ndi mizu ya zomera: bowa umalowa m'nthaka kudzera mu mizu yaing'ono, kenako imayenda pambali mizu ikuluikulu ndikupitirizabe kuyenda pamitsuko yowononga. Choncho, kumayambiriro kwa chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhudzidwa, masamba omwe ali m'munsiwa amatha kufota, pambali pa masamba onsewo amakhala madzi, ndipo mawanga obiriwira ndi achikasu amapangidwa pa mbale.

Zida za petioles za zomera zofooka zili zofooka, ndipo masamba owongoka amawoneka ngati zikwama. Pamwamba kwambiri chinyezi amatha kuwona wofiira pachimake choyera.

Zinthu zooneka ngati zowola zowuma

Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa opangira causative wa fusarium:

1. Kusamalidwa bwino kwa mbewu, kusagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zomangidwa.
2. Zovuta kwambiri kubzala chikhalidwe.
3. Kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nthaka kapena nthaka yolemera kwambiri ndi chinyezi chokhazikika, kuteteza kusinthana kwabwino kwa mizu ya mbewu.
4. Kuchulukanso m'nthaka ya mankhwala kapena feteleza okhala ndi klorini.
5. Kupanda malo osabzala. Mwachitsanzo, pafupi kwambiri ndi msewu waukulu, dera la mafakitale kapena chomera cha metallurgical.
6. Kusamba madzi okwanira, kumayambitsa mizu youma ndi kufooka kwa mbeu.
7. Kutentha kotentha kwambiri kapena chinyezi chokwanira kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kodi matenda owopsa ndi otani?

Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amafota osati masamba okhaokha, komanso nthambi yake yaikulu, mizu yovunda, ndi chitsamba chimatha. Ngati Fusarium sichidziwikidwe m'nthaŵi, komanso kuti miyeso siidatengedwe kuti idzachiritse, sizidzangowonongeka zokha, komanso zidzasokoneza anthu ena kudutsa m'nthaka.

Zizindikiro m'miyambo yosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala

M'zaka zaposachedwa, osati mbewu zokha zaulimi (masamba, nyemba, mavwende), koma pafupifupi masamba onse akuluakulu (tomato, nkhaka, tsabola, mbatata, kabichi), ndi mabala a bulbous (anyezi, adyo, tulips, hyacinths, tulips) ali pangozi yodwala ndi fusarium. , daffodils), mabulosi a mabulosi (currants, gooseberries, strawberries, strawberries) ndi mitengo ya zipatso (plums, maapulo, mapeyala, mapichesi, apricots).

Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi fusarium?Pofuna kuthetsa matenda osokoneza bongo ndikulepheretsa kufalikira, njira zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Kanizani ndi kuwononga makope omwe ali kale.
2. Dulani zotsalira zitsamba ndi nthaka ndi njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate ndi boric asidi.
3. Zimalimbikitsanso kuwaza mabedi ndi phulusa ndi sulufule.
4. Kudya ufa ndi choko ndi dolomite kumathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a Fusarium, chifukwa bowawa salola kuti nthaka isaloŵe m'thupi yomwe imadzaza ndi calcium.

Pakalipano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fungicides yakhala ikugwiritsidwa bwino komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, yomwe imafuna kuthetsa bowa la fusarium:

• Pindulani
• Wopambana.
• Phytosporin.
• Sporobacterin ndi ena ambiri.

Kodi kuthana ndi imvi nkhungu pa nkhaka?

Mmene mungazindikire:

1. Fusarium imakhudza mitsempha ya chitsamba. Mukadula phesi kapena tsamba la nkhaka, zotengera zowonongeka zidzawoneka padulidwe.
2. Fusarium wilt akhoza kudziwika ndi kuvunda koyamba kwa khosi la hilar ndi mizu ya shrub. Tsinde m'malo ano amadetsedwa ndipo amakhala wochepa thupi, ndipo masamba amasanduka achikasu ndi kutuluka. Chomeracho sichimasamba bwino, ndipo mazira ake amatha kufa pambuyo maluwa.

Nkhumba za Fusarium ndizoopsa chifukwa sizinapangidwe motsutsana ndi bowa ili njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito. Choncho, ndi bwino kuteteza chitukuko cha matendawa mwa njira zowononga kusiyana ndi kuthana nazo.

Njira zothandizira:

1. Chithandizo cha dothi. Kutsekula m'madzi ndi madzi otentha kapena masamba obiriwira omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku lupine ndi mpiru.
2. Kugwirizana ndi kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, nkhaka mbande amaumitsidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, asanadzalemo poyera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti masamba a anthu akuluakulu asamapirire.
3. Konzani bwino. Pewani madzi ochuluka kwambiri.

Kukonzekera kwa majeremusi ndi fungicides zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zothandizira kuthetsa kuwononga kwa nkhaka.

Taganizirani izi.

Zamagetsi:

• "Trikhodermin" - Zimatengedwa njira zothandizira kwambiri zotsatilazi. Pangani nthaka yochepa kwa masiku awiri musanayambe kuika mbande.
• "Baktofit", "Planriz" ndi "Trihofit" - mankhwala othandizira anthu kupopera mbewu mbande ndi nthaka.

Mankhwala:

• The fungicide "Readzol" - njira zothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi bowa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asamalidwe mbewu asanayambe kufesa.
• "Previkur Energy" - ndi cholinga chokonzekera mbeu asanafike panthaka.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwone vidiyo yokhudza nkhaka fusarium:

Strawberry mankhwala

Mmene mungazindikire matenda:

1. Gawo lapansi la chitsamba cha sitiroberi ndi mizu ikhale bulauni.
2. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi owuma. Mazirawa sakhala opangidwa, nyanga zimakhala zofiirira ndi zofooka.

Mmene mungamenyere:

1. Konzani kayendedwe ka mbewu pa chiwembu: kusankhidwa bwino kwa oyendetsa sitiroberi.
2. Chithandizo cha matenda omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi dongosolo la fungicide "Fundazol". Benomyl ndi chigawo chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, chokhudzidwa ndi mizu ndi masamba, kusunthira mmerawo, kuchoka ku mbali yake ya apical. Ntchito yaikulu ya "Fundazol" ndikuti chitetezero chimapitanso ku ziwalo zonse za zomera, ngakhale zomwe zidazigwirira ntchito sizigwera pa kupopera mbewu.
3. Fungicidal mankhwala "Benorad" ndi zochitika zambiri. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda ambiri a fungalle a strawberries, kuphatikizapo fusarium wilt. Chitetezo chogwira ntchito chimatenga masiku khumi pa nyengo yokula.

Njira zolimbana ndi matenda a phwetekere

ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI: Matendawa amatha kugwidwa ndi fusarium panthawi iliyonse ya moyo, nyemba zimakhudzidwa ndi nthaka. Koma zizindikiro za matendawa zimawoneka pokhapokha pa nthawi ya maluwa kapena fruiting.

Mmene mungazindikire:

1. Masamba a tomato otsika amatembenukira chikasu ndi kumira. Kenaka, masamba apamwamba a chitsamba amayamba kuuma ndipo amafuna - amakhalanso achikasu ndi opunduka.
2. Pa gawo la phesi la chomera chodwalitsa zida zofiira zikuwoneka bwino.
3. Ngati chitsamba chodulidwa chimachitika m'chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu kwa masiku awiri, chovala choyera choyera chidzawonekera.

Mmene mungamenyere:

• Zitetezo: kutaya mbeu ndi dothi asanayambe kubzala tomato.
• Kuchotsa zitsamba zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mizu kuti zithetsere konse magwero a matenda.

Momwe mungachitire madengu a mpendadzuwa?

Zizindikiro za matendawa mu mpendadzuwa zimaonekera pambuyo maluwa, pamene mbewu zimayamba kuphuka. Mmene matendawa amadziwonetsera:

1. Kumbuyo kwa gasika kumaoneka mawanga obiriwira, omwe, m'kati mwa matendawa, amaphimba pamwamba pake. Gasiyo imayamba kuuma mwamsanga ndi kuumitsa.
2. Pamaso pa gengu pakati pa mbeu imapezeka patina imvi. Mycelium imalowa mu mbewu ya mpendadzuwa, yomwe imakhala theka yopanda kanthu ndi yowawa kwa kukoma.

Mmene mungamenyere:

1. Zokongola zazamasinthasintha.
2. Kufesa zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal mitundu ndi hybrids wa mpendadzuwa.
3. Kuchiza mbewu asanayambe kufesa.
4. Kuchiza mbewu ndi nthaka fungicides KKr kapena Title Duo.

Njira zothandizira

1. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osungira mbewu.
2. Kukula mitundu ndi hybrids zomwe zimatsutsana ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda.
3. Kubzala mbewu m'mabedi ochotsedwa.
4. Kuyamba nitrate nayitrogeni m'nthaka, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa chitukuko cha matendawa.
5. Kupewa matenda a malo atsopano ndi zomera zabwino za bowa zomwe zingabweretsedwe ndi makina ndi zipangizo zaulimi.

Kutsiliza

Palibe munda umodzi ndi munda wamunda womwe ungatetezedwe kwathunthu ku matenda omwe ali oopsa komanso ofulumira matenda monga fusarium. Koma njira zothandizira komanso matenda omwe amapezeka panthaŵi yake amathandizira kupulumutsa mbewu ndikuletsa mbewu kuti isafe.