Gulu Cherry

Tsamba lofiira (Prunus tomentosa) ndi mtedza wa Far East womwe sukula kuposa mamita atatu mu msinkhu. Chifukwa cha maluwa okongola oyambirira ndi zipatso zazing'ono zomwe zimakula ndi amalima ku Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus. Zipatso zamatcheri zowonongeka ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa yamatcheri wamba, koma ndi pafupifupi asidi ayi iwo adagonjetsa chikondi cha padziko lonse.

Popanda chitumbuwa, n'zovuta kulingalira munda weniweni. Pafupifupi pa tsamba lililonse timalima chitumbuwa m'munda. Ndipo nthawi zambiri si mtengo umodzi, koma angapo. Zipatso za chitumbuwa ndi zokoma, zathanzi, zonunkhira, ndi khalidwe lokoma-lowawa, lodziwika kwa ambiri kuyambira ali mwana. Kuonjezerapo, chitumbuwa chimakhala bwino kwambiri ndipo chimayang'ana ndi mitengo yonse ya zipatso.

Cherry ndi subgenus ya zomera za mtundu Wopera kuchokera ku banja Pinki. Pakalipano, obereketsa adachotsa zokolola zamatcheri ndi yamatcheri, omwe amadziwika ndi kukana chisanu ndi matenda, komanso kukula kwa zipatso. Yaikulu kwambiri yamatcheri ndi Chozizwitsa Cherry. Mukudziwa? Yamchere oyambirira ochokera ku Asia Minor kupita ku Roma adayambitsidwa ndi Lucull yemwe anali woyang'anira komanso kapolo.

Kudzala yamatcheri m'munda, womwe umakondwera chaka ndi chaka ndi mbewu zambiri, uyenera kutenga njira yowonongeka pa kusankha kwake. Ndipo musayambe kufunafuna zambiri zokhudza zipatso za mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi zokoma, koma kuti muzisamala zinthu monga chisanu kukana, matenda, mafinya, nthawi ndi fruiting.

Cherry - wamba wamaluwa chikhalidwe chathu latitudes. Caucasus ndi Crimea zimatengedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira a mtengo uwu. Ndimodzichepetsa, umakula muzochitika zilizonse, kuphatikizapo m'chigawo cha miyala. Komabe, zinthu zabwino kwambiri za kukula ndi fruiting ndi nthaka yokhala ndi nthaka. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa mbewu, yamatcheri akhoza kukhala ndi kukoma kosiyana ndi mtundu wa zipatso, mitundu yake imasiyana mosiyana ndi kukula kwa mtengo ndi fruiting.

Tsabola yamtunduwu ndi ya mbewu zakuda. Zingathe kusakanikirana ndi pichesi, maula, nthuri yamatumbu, apurikoti. Iwo amayamikira ndi wamaluwa kwa oyambirira kucha kwa zipatso, khola zokolola, chisanu kukana ndi kukongoletsa kwambiri katundu. Madzi yamatcheri amodziwa ndi ovuta kubzala ndi kusunga, koma amafunika kutsatira kwambiri ulimi wa alimi.

Cherry ndizopindulitsa zipatso zambiri, koma si onse omwe amayamikira zopindulitsa zomwe zimadziwika bwino kwa onse zipatso. Nkhaniyi ikukuuzani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mabulosi kuti muwachiritse komanso momwe chitumbuwa chimathandizira thupi, tiwonanso funso la chitumbuwa mafupa, zovulaza ndi zopindulitsa. Mafuta a Cherry ndi olemba Cherry ndi mamembala a banja la Rosaceae, ndi makungwa a mtundu wofiirira ndi mabala owala.

Funso la kudulira yamatcheri m'chaka ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri kwa odziwa wamaluwa ndi oyamba kumene. Akumapetowa samayesetsa kukonza nthambi, chifukwa amaopa kuwononga zokololazo ndikufooketsa mtengowo. Olima wamaluwa amaona kuti izi ndizosamvetsetseka ndipo samvetsa chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza njira yofunikirayi.

Mchere wamakiti ndi umodzi mwa wamba, wokoma ndi wathanzi zipatso m'minda yathu. Kukolola kwa dzinja sikungakhoze kuchita popanda iwo. Ambiri maphikidwe a kusungirako yamatcheri m'nyengo yozizira ndi mabanja ndipo amachoka. Koma mwina wina angapeze chinachake chatsopano pokonzekera yamatcheri. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito yamatcheri m'nyengo yozizira: yonse yozizira, "vitamini", kuyanika, kuyanika, zipatso zouma.

M'mayunivesite osiyanasiyana a wamaluwa, chitumbuwa "Turgenevskaya" chimayamika malo, makamaka, pokambirana za mitundu: iwo amajambula zithunzi za mitengo yawo, ndipo amasiya ndemanga zambiri ndi ndondomeko zowonjezera zipatso zowutsa mudyo. Tidzakambirananso momwe tingamerekere chitumbuwa chotere m'munda wathu. Cherry "Turgenevka": kufotokoza kwa mitundu zosiyanasiyana Mitundu ya chitumbuwa "Turgenevka" inayamba mu 1979 chifukwa cha zaka zingapo za ntchito ya obereketsa ndipo zaka zingapo idakhala imodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi wamaluwa.

Tsabola yotsekemera ndi mtengo wachitsamba wokhotakhota womwe umafika mamita awiri mu msinkhu. Ili ndi korona waukulu, ovate kapena yaying'ono, yokhala ndi makwinya a makwinya ndi ofiira-lalanje zipatso zomwe zimapangika kuzungulira nthambizo. Mtengo wa chitsamba umakhalanso wotetezeka kwambiri kwa tizirombo ndi matenda, ngakhale, monga mitundu yambiri yambiri, nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonongeka ndi coccomycosis.

Bessey sandstone cherry ndi ochokera ku North America. Kumeneku kumamera pamphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, ndipo nthawi zina zimapezeka pamapiri. Madontho okoma Grace Bessey akhoza kukhala chokongoletsera chachikulu cha munda wamunda uliwonse. Chifukwa cha mchere wochuluka wa zipatso wotchedwa cherry cherry kwa nthawi yaitali watenga chidaliro cha wamaluwa ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Chokoma kukoma kwa yamatcheri ndi kuuma kosauka kwa yamatcheri mu mabulosi amodzi aakulu - kuphatikiza kotere, kupatula mu loto, ndi chomera chamoyo chokha. Koma m'chilengedwe, zonse n'zotheka, ndipo makamaka ngati abereketsa amatengedwa kuti apite patsogolo. Chotsatira chake, wamaluwawo anapatsidwa mpata wokulitsa mchere kapena, monga iwo amatchedwa, potengera.

Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya zipatso tiyenera kufotokozera chitumbuwa. Zomwe sizingapangidwe kuchokera ku zipatso za mtengo uwu: compotes, zakumwa zazipatso, jams ndi jams akhala nthawi yambiri yokonzekera mu khitchini ya aliyense wogwira ntchito. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zotsekemera zokoma ndi zokometsera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa chofufumitsa kapena ngati kudzazidwa kwa mabulu, dumplings ndi mbale zina.

Wokhutira tart kukoma, wokongola wofiira mtundu, zonunkhira zabwino - ndi zonse za wotchuka cherry tincture padziko lonse lapansi. Pali maphikidwe angapo othandizira kupanga mchere wamakiti oyambirira: zakumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso tincture popanda kumwa mowa. Kusankhidwa kwa zipatso Palibe okhwima zofunikira za kusankha chitumbuwa zipatso, pafupifupi zosiyanasiyana ndi abwino.

Pakati pa mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitengo yomwe imapezeka mosavuta pa chida chilichonse cha dacha, n'zosavuta kuwona yamatcheri a mchenga kapena, monga momwe amatchedwa "Bessey" yamatcheri. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbewu, chomerachi chimaperekedwa ngati mawonekedwe a thunthu shrub mpaka mamita 1.5 mmwamba. Malingana ndi msinkhu, mawonekedwe a korona amasiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti chogwirana, chimakhazikitsa nthambi za chomera chaching'ono, chomwe chiri chofiira, komanso masamba, zolimba masamba, nthawi zonse zimasiyanitsa ndi zomera zonse za m'munda.

Cherry Zhukovskaya ankaganiza yachikale kuswana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakale ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'munda. Cherry Zhukovskaya, kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi zithunzi zomwe zidzaperekedwa kenako mu nkhani, malinga ndi ndemanga ali yabwino kukoma makhalidwe. Kukonzekera nthawi zonse kumakhala kochuluka, ndipo palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito khama lapadera la kusamalira mtengo wa zipatso.

Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yamatcheri, yomwe imapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana. Nkhani yathu imaperekedwa ku "Lyubskaya" yamatcheri, yomwe yakula m'minda ya Russia kuyambira 1947. Tiyeni tiyankhule za momwe tingasankhire ndi kubzala sapling, tiyeni tiyang'ane ndi chisamaliro, ubwino ndi ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana. Kufotokozera yamatcheri yamakono "Lyubskaya" amayamba ndi kufotokoza za zosiyanasiyana.

Cherry "Ural Ruby" ndi chitsamba chaching'ono chomwe chimatha mamita awiri ndi hafu. Zithunzi zingapo za chitumbuwa ichi zimaperekedwa mu nkhaniyi. Zomerazi zimapindulitsa kwambiri komanso zimatha kusintha nyengo yovuta. Kutchedwa cherry amasiyana mochedwa maluwa, zipatso zabwino zomwe zimapsa pamodzi.

Morozovka ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana chitumbuwa wotchuka pakati wamaluwa. Chikhalidwe amadziwika ndi mkulu chisanu kukana, wolemera yokolola ndi yabwino kukoma zipatso. Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe zofunikira za Morozovskaya chitumbuwa, komanso ziganizo zobzala ndi kusamalira mbewu.Mbiri ya kuswana Cherry "Frost" - zipatso zazing'ono ndi mabulosi, zomwe zachokera ku Michurinsky Research Institute mu 1997.