Lero, msikawu umapereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi zomera. Chimodzi mwa zogwira mtima kwambiri, motero, chotchuka ndi Glyocladin. Kodi ndizochitika zenizeni za zochita zake, momwe tingazigwiritsire ntchito molondola, tidzatha kuzifotokozera mtsogolo. Malongosoledwe ofotokoza za chilengedwe cha "Glyocladin" ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amayenera kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha matenda a bakiteriya ndi fungal pa zomera.
Gulu Kusamalira phwetekere
Cholinga chofesa phwetekere ndi zipatso zawo zomwe alimi amamvetsera kwambiri. Komabe, ziyenera kumveka kuti pakukolola bwino, choyamba, ndikofunika kukula mbande zabwino, zomwe zimafuna feteleza nthawi zambiri. Kuwonjezeranso kwina kwa mbewuyi kumafunika pafupifupi nthawi zonse, pansipa, tikambirana za mtundu wa feteleza womwe mukufunika kudyetsa tomato.
Pamene mukukula tomato, ntchito yaikulu kwa wolima minda ndi kupeza mbande zapamwamba. Komabe, pofuna kupeza tchire zabwino za phwetekere kuchokera ku mbande, zimayenera kupereka chisamaliro chofunikira, makamaka kudya nthawi zonse. Choncho, pansipa tidzakambirana za momwe tingadyetse tomato titabzala pansi, nthawi yoti tichite komanso momwe tingachitire.
Kumanga tomato kumathandiza kusintha zokolola za masamba ndikuziteteza ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma kuti pakhale njira yobweretsera zotsatira, wina ayenera kudziwa nthawi ndi momwe angayendetsere njirayi molondola kuti apereke zomera ndi zakudya zofunikira. Momwe tingayikitsire tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, tidzanena zambiri.
Chakudya chimakhala chodziwika kwambiri kwa zakudya zathu. Nthawi zambiri timadya chakudya, mkate, kvass, komanso zakudya zambiri. Ndipotu, yisiti ndi bowa wolemera mu mapuloteni, chitsulo, macro- ndi microelements ndi amino acid. Mukudziwa? Nkhuku ndi gwero labwino kwambiri la mabakiteriya ambiri omwe amatha kufulumira kukula kwa zomera ndi chilengedwe cha thupi lawo.
Zimakhala zovuta kuti tipeze zokolola zabwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka zowononga fungicidal zomwe sizimangogonjetsa matenda okha, komanso kuteteza maonekedwe awo. Ichi ndi chida chofunika kwambiri ndipo ndi "Kvadris" - fungicide, malangizo othandizira omwe tiwafotokozera m'nkhaniyi pansipa.
Mankhwala, omwe amadziwika ndi dzina lake lotchedwa herbicides, anthu akhala akuchuluka mokwanira kuti awononge zomera zonse padziko lapansi. Izi zimangowonjezera kufunikira kosamalira mosamala ndi mawonekedwe awa powagwiritsa ntchito. Mu ulimi wamakono, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa (kusankha) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti mugwirizane ndi nambala yambiri ya namsongole.
Amaluwa ambiri komanso alimi akulima nthawi zonse akufufuza njira zatsopano zopangira mbewu zina, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti kulimbikitsa tomato kudzera mwa Terekhina kunatchuka kwambiri. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pali maganizo osiyana pa nkhaniyi, ndipo pamene alimi ena amatamanda njirayo ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino za ntchito yake, ena akudabwa chomwe chiri chofunika kwambiri pa teknoloji iyi.
Tomato amaonedwa kuti ndi odzichepetsa omwe angathe kubala chipatso ngakhale kuti alibe chidwi chochokera kwa mwiniwake. Komabe, pali "koma" - kupereka zowonjezera zokolola zitha zowonjezera zokhazo, zomwe zinkasamalidwa bwino. Ndipo phwetekere imafuna zonse mosamala - zowonjezera chitukuko chokhalira kuthirira ndi feteleza.
Kukula tomato mu kanyumba kanu ka chilimwe, sikofunika kuti mutenge nthawi yochuluka. Kwa mbande zapamwamba, ndikwanira kugula mbewu, ndipo ndi chisamaliro choyenera, motero, mudzapeza zokolola zambiri. Tiyeni tiwone momwe yankho la boron limagwiritsidwira ntchito pa zomera. Mosakayikira, kupopera mbewu maluwa kumateteza chipatso cha matenda osiyanasiyana.
Monga chamoyo chilichonse chamoyo, chomera chingadwale ndikusowa chithandizo. Matenda osiyanasiyana angayambitse mabakiteriya, bowa ndi tizilombo. Pali tizilombo timene timakonda kudya zomera. Ena amakonda mizu, masamba ena ndi masamba. Ena mumatha kuwona, ndipo ena sangapezeke.
Kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, ukhoza kukwanitsa kubzala koyambirira, komanso kuchepetsa kufala kwa kubzala kuchokera ku chisanu ndi matenda a fungal. Komabe, ngakhale kulima masamba mu wowonjezera kutentha kumafuna njira kuti apange zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa izo. Mulching tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi agrotechnical njira zofunika kuti imathandizira ndondomeko kucha kucha mbewu ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake.
Pa intaneti pali njira zambiri zowonjezera tomato. Aliyense wolima masamba akufunafuna njira yomwe idzabweretsere zokolola zambiri pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ambiri amalimbikitsa kulima tomato popanda kuthirira. Tiyeni tiwone momwe njira iyi iliri.
Nthata ndi tsabola ndi zina mwa mbewu zomwe zimakonda kwambiri munda, zomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi malo onse. Zimakhala zokoma ndipo zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri omwe amafunikira thupi lathu. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi zapamwamba za ndiwo zamasamba, nkofunika osati kuwabzala bwino, koma kuthirira mbeu bwino.
Nthata, zipatso zozoloƔera za South America zonse, zimapezeka chifukwa chabwino. Sizodzaza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mavitamini ambiri, mavitamini komanso antioxidants, komanso "kuchotsa" thrombosis, kutsekula m'mimba ndi mitsempha yotupa, zimathandiza kuti thupi liziyenda bwino komanso limalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Koma ngati mumaganizira za mabedi anu a phwetekere, muyenera kukumbukira za chisamaliro chawo.
Pafupifupi alimi onse omwe amalima mbewu zosiyanasiyana pamunda wawo amakhala akugona pabedi - tomato. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa kukula kwa zipatso izi palokha ndi kokondweretsa kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yosiyana kwambiri. M'dera lathu kubzala kumayang'aniridwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu a phwetekere, omwe amapereka zipatso zazikulu.
Pamene mukukula tomato mu greenhouses, kuthirira ndi chimodzi mwa zofunikira kwambiri pa agronomic. Ndiyomwe mumamwa madzi zomera moyenera kuti kukula kwawo ndi kukolola bwino kudalira. Pogwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka, wamaluwa amapanga malingaliro angapo pa momwe ndi nthawi yabwino yothirira madzi tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo ndi chinyezi chanji chomwe chiri chofunika kuti chikhale chokwanira.
Kubzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, tikufuna kuti tipeze zokolola zazikulu komanso panthawi yomweyi kuti titsimikizire mtengo wa kulima. Ambiri amaluwa omwe amagula zipatso, akugula mitundu yokolola kwambiri, amaiwala kuti nyemba ndi mitundu yokolola ndi zokolola zambiri zimayenera kukhazikitsa malo abwino omwe kudyetsa zakudya nthawi yake.
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti masamba okolola amafunikira thandizo pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, tomato atayamba kubala chipatso, amafunikira kudyetsa kwina: ngati dothi lafa, tomato wakula pa malowa kwa zaka zambiri kapena zofanana zomwe sizinayambe zisanachitike.
Wamasamba aliyense amafuna kupeza zokolola zochuluka kuchokera kwa iye, pamene kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrates ntchito. Kwa ena, ndi nkhani yonyada, pamene ena safuna kupereka ana awo zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakula ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana momwe tingamwetse tomato ndi ayodini.
Kutumikira ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuwonjezera zokolola za tomato ndikupanga chipatso chachikulu komanso tastier. Palibe wamaluwa omwe angakhoze kuchita popanda izo. Kodi njirayi ndi momwe mungachitire - yesani kuzilingalira. Chifukwa chiyani tomato wa tomato wa Pasony - amachotsa tsinde la zomera kuchokera ku mphukira zina zomwe zimakula pakati pa ziwirizikuluzikulu.