Mahekitala asanu ndi amodzi okhazikika, omwe m'mbuyomu amapanga malo akunyumba kwa alimi ambiri mdziko lathu, ndizovuta kudzaza ndi zipatso zamitundumitundu kuti musalowe mumaganizo anu. Malo ochepa kwambiri. Popeza kuti nyumba zina zimakhala pamalopo, zimakhala zachisoni kwambiri. Likukhalira kuti njira pazochitikazo ikhoza kukhala ikalumikizidwa mitengo yazipatso. Popeza mutakhala ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito ntchito yosavuta iyi, mutha kukongoletsa dimba lanu ndi maapulo kapena mapeyala, panthambi zomwe zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimamera. Takudziwitsani njira zabwino zobzala mitengo yazipatso.
Mafala Akutoma Nawo
Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa zofunikira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polankhula zaukadaulo wa katemera:
- Zamtundu. Ili ndiye dzina la chomera chomwe tidzadzala mitundu yatsopano. Monga lamulo, katemera amachitika kumapeto kwa chomera. Itha kukhala thunthu (shtamb) kapena muzu.
- Priva. Ili ndiye gawo la chomera chomwe chimapangidwa kumtengo. Kachulukidwe kameneka ndi kameneka ndi kamene kamagwera kumtunda kwa mbewuyo, komwe kamayang'anira mbali zake zosiyanasiyana.
Zoyenera ndi scion ziyenera kukhala limodzi. Kupanda kutero, kuwombeza sikungachitike. Nthawi zambiri sankhani mbewu zomwe zili mu ubale wamankhwala. Mutha kubzala peyala pamtengo. Peyala yamtchire kapena quince ndiyoyenera kwa iye, ngati kupangidwa kwamtundu wocheperako kumakonzekera. Komabe, mapeyala, panthambi zina zomwe maapulo amakula, ndizofala kwambiri.
Tchati chothandizirana ndi chomerachi chimakuthandizani mwachangu kudziwa kuti ndi chitsa chiti chomwe chitha kumanikizidwa mothandizidwa ndi mbewu zobzidwa.
Tekinoloji ya katemera wazomera zipatso
Pofuna katemera, ndikofunikira kusankha nthawi yoyenera. Kuyenda kwamphamvu kwa timadziti mu chomera kumathandiza kuzika mizu mu scion mwachangu, ndiye kuti masika kapena chilimwe ndi nthawi yabwino pantchito yotere.
Njira zotsatirazi zomwe Ankalumikiza mitengo yazipatso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ulimi wamalonda:
- kuphukira ndi impso (diso);
- kugwiritsa ntchito chogwiririra.
Monga lamulo, nthawi zonse za chilimwe ndi masika zimasankhidwa kuti zikwaniritse budding, ndipo kasupe akadali wowoneka bwino kwambiri wogwira ntchito ndi odulidwa.
Njira 1 - kuphuka kwa diso
Mukatulutsa, scion ndi mphukira ya mbewu zamtundu wina. Kuchokera pa gawo lodzuka liti, nthawi yokwanira yochitira udzu imadalira.
Zotsatira za kuphukira ndi impso (diso) zikuwonekera bwino mu chithunzichi: kumapeto kwa impso iyi imakhala yogwira ntchito, ndipo nthambi yatsopano imakhala ndi zizindikilo zonse zamtundu wosakanizidwa
Kwa impso yodzutsa, nthawi yabwino imawerengedwa kuti ndi poyambira kuyamwa kwamadzi - masika. Zofunika kwambiri zimaphatikizidwanso pamtunda womwe: mbewuyo iyenera kukhala ndi makungwa otanuka komanso ofewa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito impso yogona, theka lachiwiri la chilimwe limadziwika kuti ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogwira ntchito.
Kukonzekera kwa katemera
Kuzungulira chitsa, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi bwino kwa milungu iwiri ndikumamasula kwa udzu. Thirirani mtengowo ngati kuli kotheka. Simufunikanso kulandira katemera kum'mwera kwa thunthu la chomera, chifukwa impso zimatha kuwuma ndikuwongoleredwa ndi dzuwa, ndipo isanakhale ndi nthawi yokwanira mizu.
Njira yogwirira ntchito
Timachotsa impso m'manja. Pa ntchitoyi tikufunika mpeni wakuthwa. Chida chakuthwa cholakwika chitha kuwononga zinthuzo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndikupanga kuti sichingatheke. Pamodzi ndi impso, tidadula chishango - gawo laling'ono la kotekisi. Timayesetsa kunyamula nkhuni pang'ono momwe tingathere. Ngati ntchitoyi ikuchitika m'chilimwe, chikhodzodzo chimapangidwa pamwamba pa impso ndi pansi pake pa 1.5-2 masentimita, kenako chimadulidwa kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Ngati zikuchitika mu nthawi ya masika, zimakhala zomveka kupanga kuti zotsika ndizitali 1-1.5 cm.
Palibe chilichonse chodabwitsa pakugwira ntchito iyi; Pakapita nthawi, mutalandira luso, mutha kuchita zokha
Timakonza zonse, zomwe timadula khungubwi ndi kuyipatula. Chapakatikati ndizosavuta kuchita. Notchi iyenera kukhala mwalemba "T". Timapinda ngodya ndikupeza thumba, lomwe kukula kwake kumagwirizana ndi scion. Ngati chishango ndichachikulu kwambiri, timadula. Impso imayikidwa m'thumba lomwe limayambira ndikusunthasuntha kwenikweni kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Timachita izi mosamala, pogwira mawonekedwe a ulemu wapamwamba wa visor. Timasinthasintha mawonekedwe a impso kuchokera mufilimu.
Ngati budding ya mitengo ya zipatso idachitika mchaka, ndiye kuti patatha masiku 15 mphukira imere. Izi zikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino za ntchito yomwe yachitika. Chotsani zingwezo, kudula mosamala potembenuka. Pankhani yophukira kwa chilimwe, Mphukira iyenera kuyembekeza mpaka kasupe wotsatira.
Njira 2 - Ankalumikiza ndi kumezanitsa
Ankalumikiza mwa kudula mitengo yazipatso amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe:
- maluwa sanapereke zotsatira;
- mtengowo wawonongeka, koma mukufuna kuupulumutsa;
- muyenera kusintha chomera chimodzi ndi china;
- Korona wa mtengowo amapangidwa bwino kuchokera kumbali imodzi yokha komanso mbali zatsopano nthambi zofunika.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zodula, ntchitoyi imachitidwanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mu cleavage, kukopera, gawo logawika, kumbuyo kwa khungwa, pambuyo pake kukuwoneka, etc.
Zosavuta komanso kukopa kwabwino
Pakulumikiza mitengo yazipatso motere, kudula ndi nthambi za chitsa zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku makulidwe omwewo. Ndi kukopera kosavuta pa nthambi ya chidebe ndi chogwirira, timapanga zigawo zokhala ndi kutalika kwake pafupifupi masentimita 3. Timayika gawo la chigawo pachigawo cha chitsa ndikukonza malo awo polumikizana ndi kanema kapena tepi. Pakani gawo kumtunda kwa odulidwa ndi var var. Ntchitoyi imachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo zitha kulankhula za zotsatila za miyezi 2-2,5, pomwe chitsa chiziphatikizidwa ndi scion.
Chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa bwino momwe kuphweka kosavuta kumasiyanirana ndikusinthidwa: kwachiwiri, gawo lalikulu lolumikizana lilola kuti mbewu zikule mwachangu
Pofuna kukopera bwino, pezani malo ena obzala mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, kudula pazomera zonse ziwiri sikumapangidwa mosalala, koma mawonekedwe a mphezi. Izi zigzag ndimtundu wamtambo ukalumikizidwa, womwe umapereka kubwezeretsa bwino.
Chiwembu ndi chiwembu, koma kujambula nthawi zonse kumafotokoza bwino zonse zomwe zachitika. Chabwino, onetsetsani kuti palibe chovuta pa iye
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbali yodula
Dulani imapangidwa mozama pakatikati pa chitsa kuti 3 cm ikhale mbali ina. Tidula kutalika kwa 4-5 cm. Timalowetsa mphero pazogawana. Mbali yake yopingasa iyenera kulumikizana ndi zakunja kwa nthambi. Konzani motsimikiza malo a chogwirira.
Mukalandira katemera wa patsekeke, scion imalowa chitsa ngati mtundu, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tsamba lakhungwa lake limagwirizana ndi khungwa la nthambi; Pamenepa, akuyenera kukhazikika
Pamene katundu ndi wokulirapo
Ndi chitsa chakuda, katemera wa makungwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pansi pa zodulidwazo pangani kudula pakadutsa 30 madigiri. Makungwawo amawudula kuti akagulitse, kenako umalowamo. Komabe, khungwalo silingadulidwe. Kuti muchite izi, mangani bwino sitolo kuti khungwa lisang'ambe panthawi ya ntchito. Pambuyo pake, patulani mosamala makungwa ndi thunthu. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wapamwamba, womwe uli ndi fupa lapadera pazolinga izi. Timayika chogwirizira m'thumba, kukonza katemera ndi filimuyo, ndikudzoza mafuta malo ake ndi var var ya m'munda.
Mukalandira katemera pamtunda, mungathe kuyikapo pang'ono, kapena mutha kuyikoka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, popeza mwalimbitsa kale kuti isang'ambe
Pangani mitundu yatsopano
Pachifukwa ichi, kulumikizanso mitengo yazipatso yomwe yatulutsidwa kale ndizoyenera. Timachoka pamtunda wa 10-30 cm kuchokera pamalo omwe chomera chimachokera. Pamapondaponda, timapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono totalika pafupifupi masentimita 5. Ngati nthambiyo ili yotsika, ndiye kuti ngakhale zidutswa ziwiri za scion zitha kuyikidwamo. Kwa nthambi yopyapyala, kugawanika hafu (osadutsa) nkoyenera. Zodulidwa zimadulidwa kuti "mapewa" (mizere yowongoka) ipangidwe, pomwe akapuma pamwamba pa hemp. Claw imadzazidwa mu cleavage, ndipo pamwamba pamadulidwe ndi hemp amadzola mafuta ndi var var. Malo katemera ndi okhazikika.
Katemera pachimodzimodzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chomera chatsopano, ngati chakale sichinagwirizane ndi mwini mundayo.
Mndandanda wazosankhazi sunakwaniritsidwe. Pakukula kwa udzu, tidzaphunzira za kuthekera kwina.
