Zimalima zomera zakula ngati zokongoletsera kapena chakudya m'nyumba zam'mudzi ndi minda ya khitchininthawi zonse akutsutsidwa ndi tizirombo.
Izi ndi nyama zambiri, mbalame, tizilombo ndi ... ziphuphu.
Nematodes - gulu lalikulu la majeremusi, zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri kukula kwa zomera, kukhazikika pa masamba, zimayambira komanso mizu.
M'nkhaniyi tiyang'ana mitundu ina ya nematodes yomwe ingathe kuwononga mbewu zomera m'munda wanu kapena m'munda wanu.
Ndizirombo ziti zimawoneka ngati Ndiopsya yomwe amanyamula kuti abzalidwe ndi munthu, komanso chofunikira kwambiri - momwe mungazindikire izi kapena mtundu umenewo wa tizilombo? Tiyeni tiyesetse kuthana ndi makhalidwe omwe ali nawo pamutu uliwonse, kotero kuti kulimbana nawo kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Golden Potato Nematode
Mtundu uwu wa tizilombo todalira zomera zokha banja losasamala, wokhoza kukhudza mizu ya tomato ndi mbatata. Mbatata nematode - ndi chiyani?
Golden Potato Nematode - Chithunzi:
Ukulu wa Nematode Wagolide pa Mbatata zochepa kwambiri ndi zosadziwika kwa diso la munthu. Mukayang'ana pogwiritsa ntchito microscope, mungapeze kuti ndi mphutsi kufika 2 mm m'litali, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi mtundu wa golide kapena wofiira.
Kutengera kwa mizu ya zomera kumachitika pambuyo pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikulumikizidwa kwa izo, zomwe zimayambitsa izo mu mizu ya mizu. chinsinsi chapaderakugawanitsa zonse zomwe zili m'kati mwa maselo amoyo. Ndiye, maselo, motero amachepetsedwa, amatengeka ndi nematode.
Mbatata nematode zizindikiro: zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ndizoposa zonse, masamba otsika - amatembenukira chikasu ndi owuma. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, nambala ya mapesi pafupi ndi tchire pa mbatata imakhala yochepa - ena amauma, ena onse musamakula kukulakufa kumayambiriro oyambirira. Mitundu ya tubers ndi maluwa sizinapangidwe, kapena zimapangidwa zochepa kwambiri. Zonsezi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya madzi ndi mchere kudzera mmadzi mizu yokhudzidwa.
Iwo akhoza mwangozi wanyamula pamodzi ndi zotsalira za zomera zodwala, komanso ndi zipsera za dziko lapansi, zipangizo, madzi amvula ndi mphepo. Golden mbatata nematode - kodi pali ngozi kwa anthu?
Kuchotsa nematode zovuta kwambiri, ikadzala mu nthaka yowonongeka, ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri mbewu, mwachitsanzo, kuchititsa matenda otere a mbatata ngati globoderosis (msinkhu wa zomera, masamba opunduka, mizu yopunduka ndi kukula). Komabe, kwa mwamuna wopanda vuto lililonse.
Mudzaphunziranso za kuopsa kwa zokolola za golide nematode kuchokera pa kanema:
Tsinde
Pali mitundu yambiri ya stem nematode, mitundu iliyonse imatha kupweteka kokha pa mtundu umodzi wa chomera. Mankhwalawa ndi owopsa kwa anyezi, adyo ndi mbatata, komanso maluwa monga tulips, phloxes, carnations, begonias ndi zomera zina.
Miyeso ya stem nematodes siidapitilira 1.7 mm, mawonekedwe a thupi ndi filiform. Tsinde nematode - chithunzi:
Nthawi zambiri, matenda amapezeka. kudzera m'midzi yowonongeka zomera nthawi zambiri pakhungu. Kamodzi mkati, maatodes amayamba kuchulukana mofulumira, kuika mazira.
Ambiri okhulupirika chizindikiro cha matenda mu anyezi kapena adyo, ndi chikhalidwe cha chivundikirocho. Ngati mababuwo anadzidzidzidzika pang'onopang'ono, amakhala ndi kuwala koyera pa miyeso, yomwe idakwera ndipo imakhala yosasunthika, ndiye ili ndi tsamba lothandizira kubereka.
Ngati tiganizira za zimayambira, tikhoza kuzindikira zizindikiro za thickenings ndi kutupa, masamba ndi maluwa nazonso zokhotakhota. Pazoopsa kwambiri za matenda, zomera zimalira ndi kufa.
Dziwani kuti chifukwa chake chiri mu stem nematode, mukhoza kuyang'ana pa malo okhudzidwawo: amakhala otumbululuka mu mtundu, omwe pamapeto pake amasanduka bulauni. Izi zikuwonetsa chiwonongeko ndi kufa kwa maselo ofooka.
Nematode zimakhala zosagonjetsedwa kusiyana ndi mizu ya zitsamba - zimakhala pansi mpaka zaka zisanu ndipo amatha kutentha kutentha, kotero kuti kuteteza kufalikira, zomera zowonongeka zili bwino kuti awotche, ngakhale pali njira zowonongeka.
Tsinde la nematode limayambitsa ditilenhoz, yomwe imawonetseredwa ndi masamba, komanso kuwonongeka kwa tubers, komwe kumakhala mawanga oviira. Mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira zowopsya za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa zomera, milandu matenda a anthu sanakhazikitsidwe. Komabe, mankhwala olimbana ndi tizilombo ameneĊµa ndi owopsa.
Leafy
Ndizo wamng'ono kwambiri oyimira pakati pa zomera zonse zematodes. Mapepala a nematode alibe mtundu, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi sikudutsa 1 mm.
Mapepala nematode - chithunzi:
Mitunduyi imatha kutero kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri mkati mwa chomeracho ndipo amatha kulekerera matenda a tizilombo, monga virusi kurshavosti ndi kachilombo koyambitsa malo a phwetekere.
Nematodes amasuntha pamasamba a zomera zambiri, koma chrysanthemum, strawberries ndi tomato ndizofala kwambiri.
Ndondomeko ya matendawa imawonekera mwa masamba omwe ali mu mawonekedwe malo owuma a mawonekedwe osasinthaanakonzedwa mosokonekera. Nthawi zina mawangawa ali ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena wofiirira. Chotsatira chimabwera kupukuta ndi kupukuta masamba.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya imatodes, tsamba limasankha masamba owuma ngati malo ogona, nthawi zambiri nthaka. Ikhoza kufalitsa poyamba chifukwa chosalumikizana ndi chomera, chifukwa zitsanzo zopitirira 15,000 zosawerengeka zingathe kukhala ndi moyo. Nematode cysts amapezanso m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira ndikofunika kuti mugwire ntchito musanafike.
Leaf nematode zoopsa kwambiri kwa zomera zowonjezera kutentha ndi munda. Zimatha kuwonetsa osati masamba okha, komanso zimakhudza zimayambira komanso maluwa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa ya chomera. Mwatsoka, kuchiza mbewu imeneyi popanda kudzivulaza ndizosatheka.
Kodi chovulaza ndi chiyani kwa anthu? Mu thupi la munthu masamba amtundu wa masamba samapulumuka, ngakhale kuti ntchito yosadziwika muzinthu zambiri zingayambitse zosavuta poizoni chifukwa cha mankhwala oopsa a mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Gallic mizu
Mafinya pa mizu ya zomera masamba mbewu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti, akazi a mitsempha imeneyi amatsogolera moyo wosasunthika, pamene abambo ndi akuluakulu ndipo amasamuka.
Muzu nematode ndi majeremusi. Kutalika kwa thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikumapitirira 2 mm, muyambalo yoyambirira ya chitukuko ali ndi mtundu woyera, umene umakalamba ndi ukalamba zimakhala zomveka. Ndicho chifukwa chake kulimbana ndi ndulu nematode kumaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri: popanda kugwiritsa ntchito microscope, Nematodes ndi zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi maselo ena.
Gallic mizu nematode - chithunzi:
Vuto lalikulu ndilo mavitamini: ndulu nematode sizisowa mabala otseguka pa zomera, imapyoza ndi singano lakuthwa yomwe imapezeka pakamwa, pamaselo, kenako imalowetsa mkati mwake. Bzalani poyera poizoni tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mphukira za zomera zikukumana kusowa kwa madzi, choncho amayamba kukula mu kukula ndikufa.
Poyang'ana mizu, sikofunikira pakuwona kuti phokoso liwonongeke mwamsanga. Nthawi zina magenta amatha kuoneka kuchokera ku zamoyo zopanda phindu, mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya osungunuka. Ndi bwino kupatsa mbali ya muzu wa kafukufuku.
Gallic nematode imafalitsa choyamba ndi nthaka, nthaka ndi mchengaN'zotheka kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito mizu panthawi yoika.
Mitengo yambiri imamwalira chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma kabichi, adyo ndi tirigu kugonjetsedwa ndi nematode. Ndulu nematode ikhoza kuyambitsa melodogenesis, limodzi ndi chikasu ndi kuphulika kwa masamba, ndi kukula kochepa kwa mbewu.
Pali zina njira zotetezeka ndi nematode, komanso, chifukwa chopapatiza padera wa parasitism, ndulu nematode sichidutsa mmwamba kuposa mizu, kotero kuti mwayi wolowa mu thupi la munthu ndi wochepa.
Momwe mungazindikire muzu nematode, muphunzira pomuonera vidiyo iyi:
Monga momwe mukuonera, ngakhale tizilombo tochepa kwambiri timatha kupereka zina zowononga zomerakuposa mbalame zamphongo ndi makoswe, akuyambitsa chomeracho mosazindikira ndi pang'onopang'ono kuchibweretsa pafupi ndi imfa. Muthane naye zovuta kwambiriKomabe, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro ndi zizindikirozi, mukhoza kuyesa kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa zomera zina zathanzi.
