Duwa la Brugmansia: zitsanzo zosamalira ndi njira zolerera

Brugmansia, "malipenga a angelo", duwa la mngelo wamkulu ndi shrub wamba yemwe maluwa ake amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Zaka zambiri izi zisanachitike, maluwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matumba kapena maluwa omwe adayamwa. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, m'nthawi yathu ino, mitundu yosavulaza thupi, komanso yokongoletsa chiwembu chilichonse cham'nyumba, yaletsedwa.

Nkhani yamawonekedwe

M'mbuyomu, chomerachi chimakopa anthu achifwamba ndi amatsenga kuti akonzekere ma tincture ndi ma potion, omwe, poganiza kuti, anali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Poyamba, Brugmansia anali a genat Datura, ma penti ndi minyewa imeneyi inali ndi mphamvu pa thupi la munthu. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa brugmansia womwe unayamba kupezeka.

Brugmansia - "Malipenga a mngelo"

Malo obadwira chitsamba amatchedwa South America. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, duwa la Brugmansia lidatchulidwa ndi Branedb Kobo mu 50s ya XVII century. Kufotokozera kwa Brugmansia yonga mtengo kudatchulidwa ndi Louis Felluld mu 1714. Ili ndi dzina lomwe lilipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18 polemekeza mphunzitsi wa mbiri yakale Sebald Brugmans.

Kodi Brugmansia imawoneka bwanji

Brugmansia imawonedwa mtengo wamtengo. Mitundu ina imamera tchire. Chomera chokongoletsera ichi ndi cha banja la Solanaceae. Poyamba, chifukwa cha zomwe zili zama psychoactive mu kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, zidali za genus Datura, kapena Datura.

Kutalika kwa chitsamba chokongoletsera ndi pafupifupi 2 m, pomwe kuthengo, brugmansia imatha kukwera kangapo. Mtengowo umakula mwachangu, koma kuchuluka kwa mphukira kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kuti mukhale ndi chitsamba chokongola kapena mtengo kunyumba kapena patsamba, muyenera kudula mphukira zam'mbali nthawi zonse. Dongosolo la maluwa ndilamphamvu. Mizu yake imapita pansi kwambiri. Masamba a Brugmansia ndi osalala m'mphepete, pakati pali kuwala kwa fluff. Zomera zimawoneka bwino pakamasamba. Maluwa ndi a tubular, ofanana ndi mabelu otulutsa, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Dawo lawo ndi 15 cm, kutalika kwake kumayambira 20 mpaka 25 cm.

Mitundu wamba

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Brugmansia ndi:

• Brugmansia suaveolens, kapena brugmansia onunkhira, m'malo ena a nyengo amatha kuphuka chaka chonse. Zomera zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mizu yaku Brazil. Brugmansia pinki kuthengo imafika kutalika kwa 5 m. Maluwa amakhala ndi ubweya woyera kapena wamiyala wobiriwira.
• Brugmansia aurea, kapena golide, amatchedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake.
• Brugmansia candida, kapena yoyera-chipale, adatchuka ndi maluwa oyera. Mtunduwu udagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kutulutsa mitundu yambiri yokongoletsa ya Brugmansia. M'malo akuthengo, kutalika kwa mtunduwu kumafikira 3 m, mawonekedwe okongoletsa chitsamba samakula kuposa 2.3 m.
• Brugmansia sanguinea, kapena wamagazi, amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa a lalanje kapena mtundu wofiyira. Mtunduwu umakhala wofala ku Russia, chifukwa umakhala ndi nthawi yabwino yozizira.
• Brugmansia hodicolor - mitundu iyi imatchedwa zokongola chifukwa maluwa amasintha mtundu kutengera zaka za shrub. Chitsamba chaching'ono chimatulutsa maluwa ndi maluwa owoneka bwino. Brugmansia wachikulire imakhala, mitundu ya maluwa amasintha. Chitsamba, chomwe zaka zake ndizoposa zaka 7-10, chimakhala ndi maluwa owala tangerine.
• Yellow Brugmansia ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ku Russia. Maluwa amakhala ndi tint wachikasu.

Brugmansia wamagazi

Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki ya Brugmansiaonyogia. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa apinki, omwe amapanga fungo osati madzulo, monga mitundu yambiri, koma tsiku lonse. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisunga kunyumba.

Kusamalira Panyumba

Kudzala kwa Brugmansia ndi kusamalira komwe kumafunikira chidziwitso ndi maluso ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri. Ngati simutsatira malamulo ena, mbewu zambiri zamitundu mitundu sizingathe kupirira nyengo ya Russia. Chimadzalidwa m'malo osungiramo katundu, malo obiriwira, nyumba ndi nyumba.

Brugmansia kunyumba (modabwitsa)

Potseguka kumpoto kwa mtunda, zitsamba ndizosowa kwambiri.

Kutentha

Mitundu yonse yazomera imakonda kutentha. Pa kutentha kwa -5 ° C, duwa limayamba kugwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, kenako chitetezo chokwanira chimachepa, kenako chimafa. Chizindikiro choyenera kwambiri kutentha kwa mtengo wa Brugmansia chimaganiziridwa kuti 23 ° C.

Kuthirira

Ichi ndi chomera cha hybrophilous. Kusamalira Brugmansia kumatanthauza kuthirira pafupipafupi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 2-3 sabata limodzi. Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira kumadalira chinyezi cha mpweya. Choyipa chachikulu ndikuwuma kwa dothi.

Malo

Kusamalira nyumba ku Brugmansia sikumalekerera kukonzekera, chifukwa chake ili m'malo abwino, otentha, ndi kukhalapo kwa othandizira panthambi. Chomera chimayamba kugona ngati pakuwala pang'ono.

Dothi

Nthaka imakonda nthaka yokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.

Zisanu ndi masika

Kwa nthawi yozizira, kulima ndi kusamalira chomera cha Brugmansia kusamutsidwa mchipinda. Poto wamaluwa wakhazikika m'malo abwino. Mukawunikira kwambiri chipinda, ndiye kuti mwina Brugmansia ikupuma. Olima ena amalima chitsamba nthawi yozizira, pogwiritsa ntchito ma phytolamp kapena zowonjezera zowunikira. Pofuna kusintha kwa Brugmansia ku gawo lakula, ndikofunikira kuti ipereke kutentha kwa osachepera 15 ° C ndi maola opepuka masana a maola 14-15.

Ngati chomera chikukula mchipinda, ndikofunikira kuti chiziwonjezera ndikumachinjika chilichonse mchidebe chachitali ndi masentimita awiri kuposa chomwe chinali m'mbuyamo komanso kutalika. Popeza kuthilira kwakumapeto kumayambira mu nthawi ya masika, zakudya zonse zakuphatikiza ndizofunikira kuyika dothi kamodzi pakatha masiku 14. Chapakatikati, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumawonjezeka. Chinyezi chikuyenera kukhala chozungulira 60%.

Malamulo odulira

Kuchepetsa Brugmansia ndikofunikira nthawi zonse. Mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimakula pakati pa thunthu ndi masamba ziyenera kudulidwa. Izi zikuthandizira kupanga nthawi yomweyo mtengo kapena mtengo kuti udzutse. Monga lamulo, kudulira kumachitika pakati pa nthawi yophukira, Brugmansia isanabweretsedwe mchipinda chazisanu.

Kuchepetsa Brugmansia

Njira zolerera

Brugmansia ichulukitsa m'njira zitatu:

1. Mbewu;
2. Zodulidwa;
3. Kuyika.

Mbewu

Brugmansia kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba ikuyamba kumera kumayambiriro kwa Januware. Brugmansia ibzalidwe mpaka pakati pa Marichi. Mbewu zimayalidwa pansi, pafupifupi 0,5-1 masentimita. Zikakonkhedwa ndi nthaka, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zimanyowetsa zomalizirazo ndikupanga mtundu wowonjezera kutentha, kuphimba malowo ndikubzala ndi filimu.

Kudula

Pali mitundu iwiri yolumikizira chitsamba kapena mtengo:

1. Tsinde;
2. Muzu

Odula omwe amaloledwa kufalitsa Brugmansia, yemwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera chaka. Izi zitha kuchitika 2 pachaka: koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira komanso koyambirira kwamasika. Olima m'munda ambiri amakonda kudula kamaliridwe mchaka, pokhulupirira kuti mizu imakula mwachangu nthawi imeneyi. Nthawi yakumapeto liti kubzala Brugmansia? Izi zitha kuyamba kuyambira pakati pa Marichi. Njira iyi ndiyosavuta kuposa yapita. Kuphatikiza apo, shrub kapena mtengo wofalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa umakula mwachangu, motero, limamasula mwachangu.

Pakudula zodula, zimayambira ziyenera kusankhidwa zomwe kutalika kwake kosaposa masentimita 25. Pesi limadulidwa ndi pruner, kuchokera kumtunda kwake, pansi pa nthambi yapamwamba. Monga nthawi zambiri pakufalikira kwa mbewu ndi zodula, masamba am'munsi amachotsedwa kwathunthu, masamba apamwamba amawadula pakati.

Kudulidwa kwa mizu ya Brugmansia ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa omwe akuyambira, popeza shrub yomwe yakula pambuyo kutsatira njira imeneyi ndi bwino kuzika mizu, kukhazikika mwachangu, komanso kosavuta kusamalira.

Mizu ya Brugmansia mu gawo lapansi

Mizu yodula mizere imachitidwa ndimadzi kapena osakaniza dothi losiyanasiyana.

Kuyika

Iyi ndiye njira yowononga nthawi yambiri ya kuswana kwa brugmansia. Kuti muwonongeke, ndikofunikira kusankha mphukira yophunzika bwino pamsika wachikulire ndikudula impso. Kenako, chothandizira kukulitsa muzu chimatsanulidwamo, ndipo malo onsewo amawakunga ndi moss. Moss imapezeka mwapadera, mwachitsanzo, sphagnum. Tsambali likuwoneka bwino kwambiri kuti lizipukutika nthawi zonse. Izi zimachitika mkati mwa March, kale m'ma June, zomwe zimayikidwazo zitha kudulidwa ndikubzalidwe mu gawo lapansi lamankhwala kwa masiku 14-21. Mphukira itakula, imatha kusinthidwa ndikukakhala kumalo kwamuyaya.

Bocamansia wokonda kutentha

Maluwa a Brugmansia sikuti amakhala ndi vuto lililonse, koma ngati simutsatira malamulo oyambira chisamaliro, chitsamba chitha kufa. Mukayika malowo pamalo otentha komanso owala, ndikuphatikiza nthaka nthawi zonse ndi michere, kukonza mpweya chinyezi komanso kuchita kudulira nthawi, mutha kusangalala ndi maluwa komanso maluwa onunkhira a maluwa osangalatsa awa.

Kanema