Cattleya Orchid: kufotokoza, mitundu, chisamaliro

Cattleya ndi wa banja la Orchid. Ichi ndi chomera chobiriwira chokhala ndi mizu ya mlengalenga. Mwachilengedwe, mumamera nkhalango zamvula zaku America, ku Caribbean. Mitundu yambiri imalimidwa m'nyumba ndi malo obisalamo.

Kufotokozera

M'malo achilengedwe, mbewu zimamera zokha kapena zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitengo, miyala. Maluwa amatha kupezeka pamlingo wanyanja kapena pamiyala. Cattleya ali ndi ma pseudobulbs okhala ndi ma awiri awiri, atatu omwe amaphatikiza pepala limodzi kapena awiri. Mphukira zatsopano zimapangidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, chifukwa cha maluwa amakula.

Zizindikiro zodziwika zamitundu yonse ya Cattleya

The inflorescence ndi apical ndi Mphukira umodzi kapena mtundu, kutuluka masamba sinus, wokutidwa ndi masamba masamba akukula pansi. Tsinde ndiwachisoni, wopangidwa bwino. Chomera chaching'ono chimakhala ndi malo angapo okulira. Popita nthawi, kupulumuka kotsalira kumatsalira, otsala onse amwalira.

Imodzi kapena ziwiri zopapatiza, mapangidwe oblong amapangidwa mu pseudobulb. Mapulogalamu ndi owonda, amtundu kapena achikopa, osagwada pakukula. Cattleya zimachitika:

• chosagwirizanika ndi mababu onenepa, opindika ngati tsamba limodzi;
• bifolia wokhala ndi ma bulugamu, acylindrical okhala ndi masamba awiri kapena kupitilira.

Mababu onse abodza amalumikizidwa ndi mizu. Ali ndi duwa louluka, loyenerera kukula m'mapiri kapena mitengo. Itha kukhala pamwamba pamtunda kapena kulowa mu dothi.

Maluwa amatenga mpaka milungu inayi, kutalika kwake kumadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Pali maluwa omwe amatulutsa maluwa ngakhale nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yozizira.

Mphukira yokhala ndi miyala itatu komanso chiwerengero chimodzi cha manda. Pali otchedwa "mlomo". Ili ndiye petal yapakati pamtundu wa phula kapena chubu chopepuka kuposa ena, ndi m'mphepete.

Kuzungulira kwa Corolla kuchokera mmilimita pang'ono mpaka 30 cm (kutengera ma Cattleya osiyanasiyana). Colouring ndi pinki, lilac, rasipiberi, yoyera-chipale. Monga lamulo, pali pseudobulbs anayi pa orchid, pomwe masamba ake amatulutsa. Maluwa a Cattleya amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Dulani masamba satha kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale opanda madzi.

Mitundu yayikulu

Cattleya ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 180. Zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

Cattleya kukula zinthu

Kuti Cattleya atukule msanga komanso kuchita bwino, amafunika kupanga zotsatirazi mnyumba:

Cattleya ikamatera ndi kupatsidwa zina

Mu chilengedwe, orchid amakula pamitengo, chifukwa cha kubzala, makungwa (makamaka coniferous) ndi moss-sphagnum amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi. Gawo loyamba limanyowa kwa masiku angapo kuti lisungidwe bwino. Zosakaniza zonse zimaphwanyidwa, thovu ndi perlite zimawonjezeredwa. Mutha kugulanso dothi lopangidwa kale ndi ma orchid ku malo apaderadera.

Cattleya ndizovuta kuleketsa kukwera ndi kusinthasintha, chifukwa chake zimatha kusokonezedwa pazowopsa. Ikadzaza mumphika, mizu imayamba kuvunda kapena chomera chimafunikanso kuyambiranso.

Ngati ndikuwonjezerapo ndikofunikira, ndibwino kuzichita mu April, njira zikapangidwa pa mababu. Munthawi imeneyi, mphukira ndizochepa, chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka ndizochepa.

Tikugoneka muzotengera zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu ya Mini ya hybrid Cattleya, yopanda masentimita 10, amakula bwino m'minda yamagalasi - maluwa. Kuyika ndi motere:

• Florarium ikukonzekera: aquarium, jar, vase (chidebe chilichonse chagalasi) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Mwala umayikidwa pansi.
• Makungwa ophwanyidwa amathiridwa (zidutswa za 2 cm).
• Denga loonda lonyowa la sphagnum moss limayikidwa.
• Orchid amayikidwa pamwamba, wokikidwa ndi timitengo totsika.
• Kuphatikizikako kumakwaniritsidwa ndi mbewu zina zakunja zoyenerana ndi florarium (Fittonia ndi ena).
• Zokongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera.

Ngati kubzala kwachitika mumphika, ndiye posankha, muyenera kulabadira mpweya wabwino. Zomera zimakonda mpweya, ngati zikusowa, zifa. Kwa maphika a ceramic ceramic ndi pulasitiki oyenera ndi oyenera.

Ubwino wazinthu zoyambira ndikuti ndizachilengedwe. Ma ceramics amateteza mizu kuti isinthe mwadzidzidzi kutentha. Komabe, moyo wautumiki mumphika woterewu ndi wongoyerekeza: zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi uyamba kuwonongeka poyesedwa ndi madzi, chifukwa cha kukula kwa mizu. Miphika ya maluwa apulasitiki imadziwika ndi mtengo wotsika, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mphika woterewu umakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa ceramic.

Kuyika ndi motere:

• Pansi pake, ngalande zamiyala kapena dongo lokulitsa limayala ndi masentimita awiri.
• Makungwa a khungwa ndi moss-sphagnum kagawo lalikulu limatsanuliridwa.
• Duwa limayikidwa pamwamba, gawo loyambira limayikidwa ndi tizinthu tating'onoting'ono.
• Mphika umayikidwa pa thireyi yamadzi.

Maluwa

Cattleya limamasula akafika pauchikulire. Kukula kwa babu wabodza mu cholimira chokhazikika kumasiyana kutengera masentimita 8 mpaka 20. Ngati pali mizu yokhazikika pa pseudobulbs, bulb imodzi yokhala ndi chivundikiro, ndiye maluwa amatulutsa.

Zofunika:

• Maluwa sangathe kukwaniritsidwa pazenera lakumpoto. Cattleya amafuna dzuwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuvumbula mbewuzo m'mayendedwe am'mawa ndi madzulo. Padzuwa, izi sizingachitike, mutha kuwotcha masamba.
• Maluwa ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse. M'chilimwe, dothi limasungunuka kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata, kamodzi pamwezi limayikidwa pansi pa madzi osamba. Popanda izi, mbewuyo singakule bwino, chifukwa chake sipakhala maluwa. Komabe, Cattleya amatha kufa ndi chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti gawo lawuma pakati pa kuthirira.
• Panthawi yomwe ikukula, duwa limafunika kuvala pamwamba. Mwezi uliwonse, feteleza wa ma orchid omwe amakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yambiri amawonjezeranso madzi othirira. Pambuyo pakupanga masamba, kuvala kumayima.
• Kusiyana kwatsiku ndi tsiku kutentha kwamadzulo ndi usiku sikuchepera +5 ºº.

Nthawi yopumula

Ngati maluwa anali kugwa, ndiye kuti mtengowo uzikhala hibernation mpaka masika. Pakadali pano, maluwawa ayenera kupereka chisamaliro choyenera.

Pa dormancy, orchid amakonzedwanso m'chipinda chozizira. Kuunikaku kumakhala kokwanira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kawiri pamwezi. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikulimbikitsidwanso; kuti muchepetse mpweya, ndikokwanira kuyika chidebe chadongo kapena dothi loyandikana nalo pafupi.

Njira zolerera

Cattleya kufalitsidwa pogawa chitsamba ndi ana. Izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri ndi mbewu, popeza mbande ndizovuta kukula, ndipo zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zitheke.

Chitsamba chachikulire cha orchid chimagawidwa ndikuyala m'miphika yosiyanasiyana. Zimachitika motere:

• Mtengowo umathiriridwa madzi kwambiri ndikusiyidwa kwa maola atatu kapena anayi. Dothi likanyowa kwathunthu, orchid amachichotsa mosamala.
• Chimbudzi chake chimatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda, zotsalira za dziko lapansi zimachotsedwa.
• Chitsamba chimagawika m'magawo ndi zida zosalimba. Gawoli lirilonse limakhala ndi mababu atatu ndi mizu yamoyo. Malo omwe amachepetsa amakonzedwa ndi makala ophwanyika.
• Tchire zatsopano zimabzalidwa mumiphika yosiyana.

Cattleya amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a ana. Pakakhala palibe, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito phala la cytokinin kuti tithandizire kukula. Kuberekanso kumachitika motere:

• Njira ya mwana wamkazi imadulidwedwa pachitsamba. Mwanayo amakula bwino, ali ndi mizu ndi masamba angapo.
• Mphukira imanyowa kwa maola angapo ku Kornevin.
• Mphukira zimabzalidwa mumphika wokhala ndi makungwa ndi moss.
• Kutentha kolimbikitsidwa kumasungidwa m'chipindacho (+ 22 ... +30 ºС), kuwala kosunthika kumapangidwa, nthaka ndi yonyowa.

Zolakwika mu kusamalira kwa Cattleya ndikuchotsedwa kwawo

Ndi zolakwika pazomwe zili, mbewuyo imayamba kupweteka ndipo imatha kufa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa zomwe matenda a orchid amayanjana nawo kuti muchepetse zolakwika zake panthawi yake.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Cattleya ali ndi zovuta izi:

Kubwezeretsa

Zolakwika mukachoka kunyumba, matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo kumayambitsa kufa kwa mpweya uja. Chomera chimafunanso kukonzanso. Amapangidwa motere:

• Duwa limanyowa tsiku lililonse m'madzi kwa maola awiri.
• Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu, zisinthidwe zimatha.
• Pomwe mphukira zitatu zoyambirira zikakula mpaka 6 cm, mbewuyo imabzalidwa mumphika wochepa.

Kubwezeretsa kumatha kumatha milungu ingapo kapena ngakhale chaka chimodzi. Kudzimbidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuchitidwe mu nyengo yotentha kapena malo obzala potentha kutentha pa + 20 ... +25 ºС.