Lero tikambirana za mitundu yabwino ya mphesa "Pinot Noir", yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga vinyo ndi kukoma kodabwitsa. Mudzaphunzira kumene kuli minda yamphesa, ndi vinyo wotani, momwe kulili kovuta kukula zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba lanu. Kambiranani mfundo zazikulu zobzala ndi kusamalira minda yamphesa.
Vinyo wabwino ndi mphesa
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kumene mphesa zinachokera, vinyo umene unapambana mitima ya anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Dziko lakwawo "Pinot Noir" ndi dera lakummawa kwa France - Burgundy. Kumeneko kunali malo okwana mahekitala 3 a kubzala mphesa omwe amalimidwa ndi amonke kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma X.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kukula kwa mphesa zazomerazi sikunali konse ku France, koma kumapeto ena a dziko - ku California.
Chilengedwe chimakondweretsa kulima mphesa, ndipo chotsiriziracho chimakhala khalidwe labwino kwambiri. 
Kampani iliyonse yomwe imapanga Pinot Noir imagwiritsa ntchito zinsinsi zawo za kulima ndi kuthirira, kotero American Pinot Noir idzakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi Europe.
Koma chidzalo cha kulawa ndi fungo losalekeza la vinyo likusungidwa, mosasamala kanthu za malo olima.
Tikufunanso kukuwuzani za mitundu yamitengo yotchuka monga "Isabella", "Cabernet Sauvignon", "Chardonnay".
Pamene mukulawa vinyo kwa nthawi yoyamba, mudzamva zambiri zochititsa chidwi zosiyana siyana. Mutha kumva zolemba za strawberries ndi strawberries, ndi chitumbuwa kukoma.
Vinyo amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa za dzina lomwelo, masango omwe amafanana ndi mapiramidi ndi michere yakuda ya pinini, koma mtundu wa mankhwala omalizidwawo udzakhala ndi chimanga chofiira. 
Makhalidwe "zakuda zakuda"
"Pinot Noir" ndi mitundu yobiriwira yamphesa, yomwe imalimbikitsanso m'dziko lathu. Tidzakambirana za makhalidwe a mbeu, zomwe zingathe kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa.
Shrub
Chitsamba cha mphesa chiri ndi kutalika kwake. Masamba amapangidwira, amagawidwa mu masamba atatu kapena asanu. Kumbali yotsatila pali ofooka a mphutsi. M'dzinja, mbalezo zimatembenuka chikasu ndikupeza mabala ofiira.
Mabala oyambirira a masamba omwe amawoneka pa chomerawa ndi obiriwira obiriwira omwe ali ndi malire ofiira. Mphukira imakhala ndi kuwala kofiirira. Pa nodes, mtundu umakhala wofiira. 
"Pinot Noir" ili ndi maluwa okwatirana omwe amamanga pamagulu ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 12 cm m'litali ndi 8 masentimita m'lifupi). Gululo limapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a silinda, m'malo mwake ndi ophwanyika, ndi chingwe cha lignified.
Ndikofunikira! Maluwa okwatirana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatha kudzipiritsa ndi mphepo.
Zipatso
Mitengoyi imakhala yakuda ndipo imakhala yofiira. Mphesa m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 1.5 masentimita, pafupifupi kulemera - 1.3 g.
Unyinji wa gulu limodzi ndi zipatso zimapanga 70 mpaka 120 g, choncho, kuchuluka kwa zipatso mu gulu ndi pafupifupi zidutswa 90.
Tsamba pa chipatsocho ndi chochepa kwambiri, koma cholimba. Mnofu ndi wowometsera, wokoma. Madzi otengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso, pafupifupi opanda mtundu.
Mphesa akadali ofunika kwambiri ngati zipangizo zopangira timadziti, monga mabulosi onse ali ndi madzi oposa 75%.
Kawirikawiri zokolola ndi 55 c / ha. Mtengo wochuluka womwe ukhoza kuthekera uli ndi anthu oposa 100 pa hekitala. 
Zotsatira zofika
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za kubzala kokwanira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale moyo komanso kuti fruiting ipitirire.
Pakuti chodzala sankhani malo ndi otsetsereka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yamchere kapena yochepa yamchere. Ngakhale pang'ono acid acid amachita ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chikhalidwe. Sikoyenera kudzala mbewu m'malo opumitsa, chifukwa mphesa zimayamba kuvunda.
Zomera zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa mamita 0,8 kuchokera pakati pa mzake, pakati pa mizere yomwe mukuyenera kutaya mamita. Mtengo wochuluka wa tchire umene ungabzalidwe pa hekita 1 ndi 11,000.
Ndikofunikira! Kutalika kwa chithandizo cha lattice chiyenera kukhala osachepera 120 cm.
Mphesa zikhoza kubzalidwa m'dzinja ndi masika, komabe, kudyetsa kwadzinja ndibwino, monga zomera zimakhala ndi nthawi yovuta pansi ndikuzitsatira bwino nyengo isanayambe.
Ngati mwakonzekera kugwa kwa nyundo, ndiye kuti iyenera kuchitika kuyambira pa 20 September mpaka kumayambiriro kwa November. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati dera lanu liri ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuyambira kuyenera kuchitidwa kale, mpaka poyamba chisanu chikugunda. 
Kubzala kwachitsamba kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa March mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa May. Kwa madera akum'mwera, kubzala koyambirira kuli kosavuta, monga mphesa zidzakhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo malo atsopano.
Momwe mungasamalire kalasi
Ndi nthawi yolankhula za kusamalira minda yathu ya mpesa. Kambiranani mfundo zazikulu zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukolola bwino.
Kuthirira
"Pinot Noir" sakonda nthaka yonyowa, koma madzi okwanira ayenera kupereka chinyezi ku mizu yonse.
Kuti musathire madzi ambiri pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, mungasankhe chimodzi mwa njira zingapo zowalira ulimi wothirira.
- Kuthirira maenje amodzi. Njirayi yopezera chinyezi imathandizira nthawi yomweyo kusungunula zofunikira zonse za nthaka yomwe mizu ilipo.
- Kutumizira madzi kupyolera pansi pa nthaka mapaipi. Mfundo ndi yakuti podutsa mphika 60-70 masentimita, madzi akhoza kuperekedwa kumalo onse a zomera. Mu mapaipi, mabowo amapangidwa kupyolera mu chinyezi chomwe chimalowetsa moyenera pansi, kuchisakaniza.
Njira yoyamba ndi yabwino yokha mbeu zochepa zokha, popeza sizingatheke kugunda dzenje la mahekitala pafupi ndi mphesa iliyonse. Komabe, kuchepa kwazing'ono m'njirayi ndikosavuta kumwera.
Njira yachiwiri imaphatikizapo ndalama zazikulu panthawi yopaka dongosolo lonse, koma ndiye kuti mufunika kudzaza mbiyayo ndi madzi nthawi ndikutsegula pampu yomwe imathamanga madzi kudzera m'dongosolo.
Mukudziwa? Mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale "Massandra" ku Crimea adasunga vinyo wa ku Spain, zokolola zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa mu 1775. Botolo losayembekezereka mu 2001 linayesedwa $90 zikwi
Kupaka pamwamba
Mphesa mipesa imayenera kudyetsedwa katatu pa nyengo. Choyamba chovala pamwamba pakumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, ndipo zonse zikutsatira ndi mwezi umodzi.
Mu mawonekedwe a feteleza ang'onoang'ono osamera, mungagwiritse ntchito kulowetsedwa pa nkhuku zinyalala, kuchepetsedwa m'madzi. Choyamba, tenga gawo limodzi la madzi ndi zinyalala, kusakaniza ndikuumirira masabata 1.5. Kenaka, kulowetsedwa kumachepetsedwera m'madzi oyera mu chiŵerengero cha 1:13. 
Kwa malo otsetsereka akuluakulu ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito "madzi amchere", omwe angathe kuyenda mosavuta podutsa madzi ndi madzi. Mafuta 100 a madzi amatenga 0,5 makilogalamu a ammonium nitrate ndi 0.8 makilogalamu a nitroammofoski kapena ofanana ndi zofanana zomwe zimapanga zinthu. 
Musaiwale za feteleza organic, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa zaka 2-3. Chomera chilichonse chimafuna makilogalamu 20 a humus kapena kompositi, yomwe ili m'zitsulo zofanana ndi kukula kwa korona wa chitsamba chilichonse. Kusindikiza kuya - osachepera 30 cm. 
Onaninso momwe mitundu ya feteleza ya mchere imayambira ndi zakudya zomwe zimapezeka mwa iwo.
Kudulira
Kudulira kumachitika mwanjira yakuti 20-25 mphukira amakhala pa chitsamba chilichonse. Mtsuko uliwonse uyenera kukhala ndi maso 5-6, pa ntchentche m'malo mwake ayenera kukhala pafupi 2-3.
Mapangidwe oterowo adzakuthandizani kuti mupeze masango akuluakulu omwe angathe kukhala nawo nthawi yambiri.
Pogona m'nyengo yozizira
"Pinot Noir" imasonyeza kusamvana bwino kwa chisanu ndi kubwezeretsa bwino kwa maso a mazira.
Kawirikawiri, tchire limayima kutentha mpaka -30 ° C, koma pamatentha otsika, masamba ambiri amatha kufota. Ngakhale chomera ndi kubwezeretsanso mpaka nyengo yotsatira, komabe ndikufunikira kusamalira malo onse okhala m'nyengo yozizira.
Choyamba, timalimbikitsa mulching nthaka ndi utuchi, udzu wouma kapena agrofiber. Mulch amateteza mizu ku kuzizira, ngakhale ndi chisanu chosavuta kwambiri. 
Pamwamba pa minda yamphesa akhoza kubvumbidwa ndi agrofibre yomweyo, koma gwiritsani ntchito kusiyana koyera. Pambuyo polemba malo onse a spanbond, mutenga kusiyana kwa 7-8 ° C pakati pa kutentha kwapakati ndi pamwamba.
Kuphatikiza pa ubwino, nkhaniyi ili ndi vuto lalikulu. Vuto ndi chivundikirocho ndi kulemera kwake. Ngati chipale chofewa chimagwa m'dera lanu m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti kuziyika pa agrofibre kudzawononga kuphulika kapena thunthu.
Choncho, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito popanda mvula, pamene zomera zikuvutika ndi chisanu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chilengedwe - chisanu. 
Wotchuka Pinot Noir vin
Mwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe mukukambirana, si vinyo wokhala ndi dzina lomwelo omwe amapangidwa, komanso ma vinyo angapo ambiri, omwe timatchulidwa kwambiri.
Paul Hobbs 2011 Vinyo wa ku America adatengedwa kuchokera ku mphesa ku California (Russian River Valley). Vinyo wofiira owuma ali ndi mphamvu ya 14.5%. 
Mukudziwa? Vinyo wokwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Chiwombankhanga cha 1992. Botolo la 4-lita linagulidwa pa malonda $500,000.Tero, lita imodzi ya vinyo inali yoyenera $125 zikwi
Peter Zemmer 2014 Chilankhulo cha Italy chofiira chowuma vinyo chochokera ku Pinot Noir mphesa. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa ndi 13.5%. 
Vina Chocalan 2012 Vinyo wofiira wa Chile wofiira, mphesa zomwe zimakula mumtsinje wa Maipo. Vinyo wamtendere - 14%. 
Izi zimatsiriza zokambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yomwe yafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake, tikhoza kulawa vinyo wa Pinot Noir kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi, kumverera izi kapena zolemba zina ndi zotsatila. Malingana ndi kukula kwa mphesa mmalo mwa capricious, kotero izi zosiyanasiyana si zoyenera kwa oyamba kumene. Ngakhale ubwino uliwonse, zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amachepetsa zokolola komanso mtengo wa zipatso.
