Jamu wamba - kaya ndi ku Europe kapena kukanidwa

Mphesa zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mphesa zakumpoto chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akunja. Izi zimatha, popeza kuti jamu ndi wa banja la Kryzhovnikov, currant ndiye m'bale wake wapafupi kwambiri.

Zonse za gooseberries: kufotokoza kwa kalasi

M'mbuyomu, anthu samadziwa kuti ma jamu anali ndani. Kufotokozera koyamba kunaperekedwa ndi dokotala waku France J. Raoul pafupifupi zaka 500 zapitazo. Kuchokera pantchito yake zimati kuti m'nthawi yake, ma jamu osapsa anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira sosi ndi sopo, ndipo kucha anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yaiwisi. Kuchokera pazamankhwala a dokotala, mutha kudziwa kuti gooseberries samangokhala zipatso zokha, komanso chomera chotchuka chokongoletsa minda.

Jamu

Pambuyo pake, gooseberries adabweretsedwa ku England, komwe, chifukwa cha nyengo yanyontho, kukula kwake kwa zipatso zake kunawonjezeka pafupifupi kanayi pazaka zana zikubwerazi. Chomeracho chinali chotchuka kwambiri pachilumbachi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1600. pafupifupi zipatso zonse zobzalidwa zinali zakubadwa ku England.

Gooseberries akhala akudziwika ku Russia kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kutchulidwa koyamba komwe kunapezeka m'zaka za zana la 11. Koma kudziwika kopambana kwambiri kunabwera m'zaka za zana la 19, pamene mitundu yazipatso zazikulu idatumizidwa kuchokera ku England kupita ku Russia, yomwe pambuyo pake idasinthidwa ndi ena wamba.

Khalidwe la botanical

Funso loyamba pamakina a botanical: Kodi jamu ndi mabulosi kapena chipatso? M'mbuyomu, mbewuyi idawonedwa ngati chipatso, koma pophunzira mosamala zipatsozo, idayamba kupatsidwa kwa banja la zipatso. Kufalikira kwa chipatsochi kumachitika kudzera mukumera kwa mbewu zomwe zagwera pansi pamodzi ndi zipatso zouma. Ndipo njirayi imakhala yofanana ndi zipatso.

Momwe ma jamu amawonekera, ngakhale ana amadziwa, koma ndi bwino kuganizira mawonekedwe ake mwatsatanetsatane. Ichi ndi chitsamba chofikira kutalika kwa 1.5 m, koma palinso zitsanzo zina zomwe zimakula pang'ono kupitirira theka la mita. M'lifupi, chitsamba nthawi zonse chimakhala chofanana ndi kutalika kwake. Mizu imayamba kukula m'moyo ndipo mizu imapangidwira. Pambuyo pazaka 2-3, amasanduka nthambi zenizeni zomwe zipatso zimayamba kukula.

Kuchita bwino kwa michere kumadalira malo omwe ali. Pakatikati, poganiza kuti zimakula mwachindunji ndikulandila pang'ono, zimabala zipatso zoyipa kuposa nthambi zammbali zomwe zimamera kutali ndi pakati. Nthambi za chomera zimatha kuduladulidwa, ndikocheperako kapena popanda mitengo yaminga. Spines imatha kukhala yamtali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Masamba amatha kusiyanasiyana pachitsamba chomwechi. Amabwera mosiyanasiyana: kuyambira ang'ono mpaka akulu kwambiri. Pa iwo pali atatu kapena 5 malangizo a pachimake kapena mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi kuwala kapena mtundu wachikasu. Masamba a jamu yamtundu wamitundu itatu (manda asanu, mafuwa, stamens iliyonse).

Duwa limamera kuchokera ku axel masamba masamba m'gulu la ma PC atatu. Maonekedwe ake, imawoneka kwambiri ngati belu lokhala ndi miyala isanu. Zipatso zimagawika kukula pang'ono, zazing'ono komanso zazikulu. Zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zimalemera 4 g.

Bush

Malo ogawa

Gooseberries poyambirira adawonekera ku Western Europe ndi North Africa, koma tsopano mitundu yamtchire yafalikira m'ma kontinenti onse. Amakula makamaka m'mapiri, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitengo. Mosiyana ndi chomera chakunyumba, iwo amakhala ndi kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda, makamaka omwe amakhala kumpoto. Koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mphamvu yofooka yofewa. Zipatso zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala zosalala kapena zowongolera, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu.

Zothandiza gooseberries

Zipatso za jamu zili ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Amakhala ndi 12% fructose ndi glucose, omwe amamwa bwino thupi. Jamu ya asidi imadziwika ndi zonse chifukwa cha zomwe malic, oxalic komanso citric acid zimapangidwa, zomwe zimathandizira kugaya. Zapamwamba kwambiri za ma pectins zimapangitsa zipatso za mmera kukhala njira zabwino zachilengedwe zochotsera radiation. Mwa zomwe zili ndi mchere wofunikira, palibe mabulosi ena omwe angayerekezedwe ndi jamu.

Ubwino wa jamu ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izo, kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kayendedwe ka metabolic m'thupi zimasintha, mphamvu yamanjenje ndi ma hormone zimalimbitsa.

Madzi

Popeza chilichonse chokhudza jamu komanso phindu lake chadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe. A decoction masamba ndi zipatso za chomera chimathandiza ndi matenda a impso, kuchepa magazi, hypovitaminosis. Zipatso zimathandizanso kwa ana, chifukwa ndiabwino kwambiri komanso anti-allergenic.

Mankhwala amakono, mabulosiwo adagwiranso ntchito. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Koma, ngakhale atapindulitsa bwanji, ma jamu sayenera kudyedwa ndi odwala matenda a shuga.

Zosamalidwa

Kuti jamu kukula bwino, komanso kupereka zochuluka zokolola, pamafunika chisamaliro choyenera nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yotentha. Kutsatira malingaliro onse, mutha kulandira osati chomera chopanda zipatso, komanso chitsamba chokongola chomwe chidzakongoletsa kanyumba kamalimwe.

Kuthirira

Ngati jamu alibe kuthiriridwa mokwanira, nthawi zambiri zimapweteka, zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo mtundu wa mbewuwo umachepa. Pakapangidwa mphukira zatsopano, chitsamba chimathiriridwa pokhapokha nyengo yowuma. Kupukutira mosiyanasiyana kumapitiliza kupanga zipatso, koma zipatso zikacha, kuthirira kumayima.

Kuthirira

M'dzinja, nthawi yamvula, mmera suthiriridwa. Iyenera kukhala yothinitsidwa kwambiri mu Okutobala kuti mizu ikonzekere nthawi yozizira.

Feteleza ndi mulching

Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimayenera kuchitika m'chaka. Kuzungulira tchire patakumba manyowa kapena humus atayikapo. Masamba atatseguka, 50 g ya urea imawonjezeredwa pansi pa chitsamba. Chomera chikakhala ndi zaka 4, chimaphatikizidwa ndi mchere wamphepo pachaka chilichonse. Pambuyo zipatso zoyambirira zitawonekera, manyowa amayambitsidwa katatu. Mu nthawi yophukira, chitsamba chimathiridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu nitrate, ndikuyandikira nyengo yachisanu musanakumba m'nthaka, phulusa kapena peat imawonjezeredwa.

Chisanu chikasungunuka, nthaka yake imakumba. Chifukwa chake, kasupe amamasulidwa kuzungulira tchire, koma osati ozama kuposa 5 cm, kuti asawononge mizu. M'chilimwe, kumasula kumachitika pafupifupi nthawi 4, nthawi yomaliza kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.

Chithandizo cha Bush

Ngakhale jamu ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri, zimachitika kuti imafunikira thandizo lina. Mwa alimi, amadziwika kuti trellis; nkhaka ndi mphesa zimabzalidwa pamitundu imeneyi. Thandizo lingakhale lofunikira ngati malo omwe jamu limakula alibe kuwala koyenera. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito, zithandizira kuti mbeu yabwino yoyamba komanso yowonjezereka.

Mankhwala othandizira

Kuti nthawi ya chilimwe mbewuyo ikondweretse mwini wakeyo ndi maluwa ambiri, nthawi yophukira iyenera kukonzedwa m'njira zopangira. Koma, kuti mudziwe momwe mungasungire chitsamba, muyenera kudziwa kaye zomwe zingawopseze. Matenda akuluakulu komanso tizirombo tomwe timatulutsa timene timadziwika kuti ndi powdery mildew, anthracnose, septoria, nkhupakupa zosiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo. Mulimonsemo, kuchiza mmera mu masika ndi mkuwa wa sulfate kumamuthandiza.

Kudulira komanso kukonzekera nthawi yozizira

Kudulira ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga ma jamu. Iagawika m'mitundu ingapo:

• kupanga kudulira ndikofunikira kuti ipangidwe bwino ngati chitsamba;
• kudulira-kukalamba kumachitika pomwe chomera chikakhala choposa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, nthambi zake zowuma ndi mphukira zimadulidwa;
• kudulira mwaukhondo - kuchotsa masamba akale, owuma komanso odwala.

Kuswana

Gooseberries amatha kubereka m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• yopingasa. Kuti muchite izi, nthambi zachinyamata zimatengedwa, kudula bwino kumapangidwa kuchokera pamwamba, kenako nkugwada pansi ndikukumba m'maenje bwino. Mphukira zatsopano zikamakula kupitirira 10 cm, zimayamba kusamalira, monga mbewu zodzaza;
• kukoka magawo. Nthambi za pachaka zimayikidwa mozungulira mu malo oyikiramo, osindikizidwa ndi kuwaza ndi dothi. Pamwamba pa mphukira mu arc amatsogozedwa, ndipo pakugwa amalekanitsidwa ndi chitsamba chachikulu ndikuziika;
• kugawidwa kwa chitsamba. Gwiritsani ntchito mukasamukira kumalo atsopano. Tchire limadulidwa mzidutswa, ikamatera imapangidwa m'maenje okonzedwa kale;
• kufalitsa ndi odulidwa. Kutengera nyengo, ukadaulo wa kusintha zimasiyanasiyana. M'chilimwe, odulidwa obiriwira amatengedwa, ndipo m'dzinja, amakhala opunduka.

Kuteteza matenda

Matenda onse akuluakulu omwe amatha kuopseza gooseberries amathandizidwa ndi kupopera chitsamba ndi madzi a Bordeaux. Ngati dothi lakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti limathiriridwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa. Matenda okha omwe amavuta kuchotsa ndi zithunzi (kukula kwa mphukira, mawonekedwe amtundu wa masamba amawonekera). Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri limatayidwa. Kuteteza gooseberries ku tizirombo tambiri, nthambi, masamba ndi zipatso nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Matenda

Jamu wamba wamba ndi mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wachikhalidwe. Pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse, koma si aliyense amene amadziwa kuisamalira bwino. Nkhani yomwe ili pamwambapa ithandizira kudzaza chidziwitso.