Smitianta ndi mtundu wa herbaceous waung'ono kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri komanso m'miyala yomwe ili ku Central ndi South America. Smitianta amawoneka wofatsa komanso wopanda chitetezo, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azungulire mosamala. Ogwira maluwa amaona kukongola, kusasamala komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, zomwe ndizosavuta kugula ku shopu iliyonse yamaluwa.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Smitianta ndi herbaceous perennial chomera ndi zofewa, pubescent zimayambira. Rhizome wokwawa amaphimbidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Kukula kwa chitsamba chowongoka ndi masentimita 30-50. Akuwombera mwamphamvu nthambi zonse motalika. Alijambulidwa utoto wamtundu wobiriwira komanso wokutidwa ndi mulu wofiyira. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi 0.4-1 m.
Pamtunda wonse wa tsinde pali masamba ataliatali. Masamba otsutsana ndi ojambula pamtima kapena ovoid. Pamalo obiriwira pamakhala madontho ofiira kapena ofunda. Tsamba lamasamba lophimbidwa kwambiri ndi villi lalifupi. M'mphepete mwa masamba mabowo ozungulira amawoneka. Kuyambira pamwambapa pomwe pamadutsa pamtunda pamatuluka mapangidwe.
Chapakatikati, pang'onopang'ono mantha a inflorescence amaphuka pamwamba pa chitsamba. Amakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira 10-20. Ziphuphu zojambulidwa mu lalanje, pinki kapena zofiira. Maluwa akafota, mphukira zonse zapadziko lapansi zimayamba kufa ndipo nthawi yopuma imayamba kwa a Smithyant. Pofika mwezi wa Febere, mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kutulutsa kuchokera pakatikati pa khosi la mizu, ndipo nthawi yamoyo ikubwereza.
Mitundu ya Smithyantes
M'mtundu, mitundu 9 ya a Smithyans adalembetsa, amatha kuwoneka pa chithunzichi. Mtundu wokulirapo, mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera imakhala yosanja.
Mzere wa smitianta. Kukongoletsa kosatha kumeneku kumapangika ngati chitsamba chotalika 30 mpaka 40. Mphukira zake zowongoka, zowutsa mudyo zimamera pamwamba pa mizu yazingwe. Masamba ooneka ngati mtima ndi otsutsana. Kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 18. Mtunda wobiriwira wonyezimira umakutidwa ndi mitsempha ya burgundy. Maluwa ofiira ofiira okhala ndi chubu chachitali komanso chokulungika, pamakhala timiyendo tating'ono. Pharynx wamaluwa amapaka utoto wowala wachikaso ndipo amakutidwa ndi madontho a burgundy.
Smithyna Cinnabar Red. Chomera chimakhala chofanana kwambiri kukula kwake, kutalika kwake sikokwanira masentimita 30. Masamba akulu velvet mpaka 15 cm amatenthedwa mu utoto wamdima wobiriwira. Amakutidwa ndi tsitsi la burgundy. Piramidi inflorescence imakwera pamwamba pa chitsamba pafupifupi kutalika kwa 25 cm. Maluwa amapangika kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Pakutha maluwa, chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira magawo zana limodzi.
Smitianta ndi yolimba. Wofunda udzu wobiriwira 25-30 cm, umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala wamasamba. Masamba ndi owoneka ngati mtima komanso wamfupi pafupi ndi kumapeto. Maluwa a kirimu kapena oyera-oyera amapezeka mumabowo otulutsa inflorescence. Kutalika kwa chubu yanthambi ndi masentimita 4. Maluwa amapezeka m'miyezi yachilimwe.
Mitundu yosakanizidwa imakhala yotchuka Smithyant koyambirira kwamasika. Maluwa ake amatenga maluwa okongola, ophulika. Masamba osakhwima amakhala ndi chubu chopepuka cha pinki, pharynx wachikasu ndi choyera, wokutidwa ndi madontho ofiira, pamakhala.
Smitianta Zebra. Mtunduwu umapanga mphukira yofikira mpaka 60 cm. masamba opindika kwambiri amapaka utoto wakuda ndipo wokutidwa ndi banga la burgundy m'mitsempha. Masamba ndi ofanana kwambiri, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Masamba ofiira otuwa amatuluka pachitsamba. Pharynx ya mphukira iliyonse imakhala lalanje ndipo imakutidwa ndi madontho ofiira kapena ofunda.
Wophatikiza wa smitianta. Kukhazikika osatha ndi masamba obiriwira, obiriwira. Pochita mantha inflorescence pachimake pamtunda wa mphukira ndi masamba a masamba. Amakhala ndi maluwa ofiira ambiri, malalanje kapena kirimu pazitunda zazitali.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizotchuka kwambiri. Lalikani. Maluwa ake amakhala ndi chubu chofiirira. Mkati mwake, amapakidwa chikasu ndi madontho ofiira ambiri. Mphepete yoyera ya pamakhala yokutidwa ndi madontho a pinki ndi madontho.
Njira zolerera
Njira zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kufalitsa ma smithiantes:
- kufesa mbewu;
- kugawanika kwa mpweya;
- Mizu yodula.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha pang'ono ndi mchenga ndi peat nthaka. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi mu February-Epulo. Njere zazing'ono zimayesetsa kugawa ngakhale panthaka yonyowa. Bokosilo limakutidwa ndi galasi ndikusunthidwa kumalo owala ndi otentha. Mbande zimamera m'masabata atatu. Zomera zimakula msanga ndipo zakonzeka kuyenda pansi ndi kumalirana pakatha sabata limodzi. Maluwa oyamba adzawoneka m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Pochita kudula mizu, zigawo za apical za 5-8 masentimita zimakonzedwa. Mizu yaying'ono ikaoneka, mbewu zimabzyala m'nthaka. Pakupita milungu iwiri mutabzala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chinyezi chachikulu.
Mutha kufalitsa wamkulu smithiant pogawa mizu. Pakujambulidwa, imamasulidwa pansi ndikugawika magawo okhala ndi masamba angapo okula. Mizu yake imayalidwa mozungulira pakuya kwa masentimita 3. Mutha kubzala mitengo iwiri kapena itatu mumphika uliwonse. Pambuyo pakuwonjezera, smithiant iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala kwambiri. Poyamba, ndikukwanira kupukuta dothi pang'onopang'ono kuchokera mfuti yolusa.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Kusamalira wonyoza pamafunika kuyesetsa, komabe, ndi wamaluwa osamala, zimawoneka zosangalatsa. Chomera chimafuna kuwala kosakhalitsa ndi nthawi yayitali masana. Kuwala kwamadzulo mwachindunji kumavulaza masamba osalala. Ndikofunikira kuyika mphikawo mozama mu chipinda chakumwera.
Smitianta amakonda kutentha kwapakati. Ali momasuka ku + 22 ... +25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, panthawi yopumira, kuzizira pang'ono kumaloledwa, koma osachepera +20 ° C.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira wonunkhira kwambiri komanso nthawi zambiri. Madzi ayenera kusiya dothi momasuka osazungulira pamizu. Ndiosayeneranso kuti ipezeke masamba ndi nthambi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira ndi zingwe.
Smithyant adzayenera kupereka chinyezi chambiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za mpweya wouma ndizopindika masamba ndi kupukuta. Simungathe kutsanulira masamba a velvet, motero ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mbewuyo pafupi ndi malo am'madzi kapena akasupe, komanso gwiritsani ntchito matayala okhala ndi timiyala tonyowa. Matumba sangathe kulumikizana ndi nthaka kuti musawononge mizu.
Mu Epulo-Ogasiti, smythianta amafunika kudya pafupipafupi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuvala zovala zapamwamba za violets. Mavalidwe apamwamba opakika kwambiri amawonjezedwa pansi sabata iliyonse.
The Smithy amazisintha chaka chilichonse kapena chaka chotsatira. Yesetsani kukonzanso dothi nthawi iliyonse ngati kungatheke. Muthagula malo opangira ma warts kapena mupange nokha:
- dothi lamasamba (magawo awiri);
- dothi louma (magawo atatu);
- nthaka yodziyimira (gawo limodzi);
- peat (1 gawo).
Luso kusankha osaya komanso m'mbali. Pansi pamphika uyenera kukhala ndi linga ndi dambo la drainage.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Mphukira zokongola ndi masamba a Smithyant zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi zowola za imvi kapena oidium. Zikakhala zofewa, zokhala ndi mungu, mbewuzo zimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungus.
Nthawi zina mmera umagwidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybugs. Sizigwira ntchito kuthana ndi tizirombo, chifukwa chake, mphukira zimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
