Uta Wokongoletsa: Mitundu yotchuka ndi nuances yakukula

Omwe alimi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anyezi ndi wamba kwa aliyense. Koma mtundu wa Allium uli ndi mitundu yopitilira 600 ya mitundu ya mbewu, zina mwa zokongoletsa zake ndipo mwina imakongoletsa infield. Maonekedwe a mitundu ya anyezi oterewa ndi osiyanasiyana, nthawi yamaluwa ndi yayitali. Chikhalidwechi chimakhala chodzikulitsa pakukula, chimatha "kukhululuka" zolakwa za munthu payekhapayekha chifukwa chake ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa woyambitsa wamaluwa.

Kodi uta wokongoletsa ndi chiyani?

Uta wokongoletsera ndi njira yosangalatsa pakupanga mawonekedwe. Maluwa ake okongola amatha kuwonekera pakatikati pa mabedi a maluwa, ndi m'malire. Kunja kwa nyengo ya maluwa, pafupifupi mitundu yonse siiri yosiyana ndi anyezi wamba - maluwa omwewo a masamba (nthenga) kutalika kwa 25-30 mpaka 150-180 masentimita.Maluwa ambiri m'mitundu yambiri amayamba mu June, limatha sabata la 2 mpaka 2-3. Ma inflorescence amafika pamtunda wa 4-7 masentimita, mawonekedwewo amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mpira wabwino mpaka kuzungulira, nthawi zina, amawoneka ngati ambulera kapena silinda. Phalelo limakhala lowala kwambiri. Maluwa ndi amitundu sita, ofanana ndi nyenyezi zing'onozing'ono, mbale kapena belu.

Mitundu yambiri imakhala yosasamala, chisanu, chisanu, komanso dzuwa. Komabe, mitundu yayitali ndiyofunika kutetezedwa ndi mphepo - inflorescence imasweka mosavuta.

Zonunkhira zokongoletsera sizingakongoletse malo, komanso kubweretsa zopindulitsa, kuwononga tizirombo titabzidwa milu pabedi ndi mbewu zina

Kuphatikizika kwa mauta okongoletsa kuli ndi dzina lapadera - "allaria". Pali malamulo ena - makulidwe ang'onowo a chomera, makope ambiri amafunika kuti abzalidwe pamuluwu kuti aoneke okongola. Koma chifukwa cha fungo lenileni, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitha anyezi ndi mbewu zina. Mwa mababu ena (daffodils, tulips, hyacinths, irises), peonies, maluwa, delphiniums, poppies, hosta, munda geraniums ndi yoyenera. Anyezi wokongoletsa "amaphimbidwa" ndi mbewu zina kuti masamba awo asawonekere kuzimiririka pakuyamba kwa Ogasiti.

Zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyana yokha ya anyezi wokongoletsera imawoneka bwino, koma imanunkhiza mwachindunji

Uta wokongoletsa ukhoza kudulidwa kuti ukhale ma bouquets, koma chifukwa cha fungo, madziwo amasintha katatu patsiku kapena kuwonjezera mchere wamba. Mapwando oterowo amayima kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Anyezi amawoneka bwino mu nyimbo zamaluwa zouma, posungira zowala za mitundu. Anyezi wokongoletsa anyezi wokhala ndi inflorescence pansi m'malo opumira bwino.

Ngakhale akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito uta wokongoletsera kuti apange zokongoletsera

Vidiyo: uta wokongoletsa pawotchera miyala

Mitundu yotchuka ya anyezi yokongoletsera

Pali mitundu yachilengedwe ya anyezi wokongoletsera, komanso zomwe akwaniritsa obereketsa. Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakupatsani mwayi wosankha mtundu uliwonse wamaluwa.

Otchuka ndi:

• Anyezi wabwino. Dziko lakwawo ndi Italy komanso kumwera kwa France. Kuzizira kumalekerera bwino, komwe kumakhala koyenera kwambiri kumadera omwe ali ndi kotentha. Chomera cha kutalika 30 cm masentimita, chimamasuwa mu June. Maluwa ndi oyera-ngati chipale, momwe mabelu amtundu wa, kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi 3-5 cm. Zimayambira pang'onopang'ono pansi pa kulemera kwawo. Mitundu yoswana ya Cowanii imasiyanitsidwa ndi inflorescence zokulirapo (mpaka 5-6 cm);
  

  Uta wa Neapolitan umaoneka wowoneka bwino koma wokongola kwambiri
• Uta wa Moth (aka golide). Imapezeka zachilengedwe kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe. Kutalika kwa mbewu - osapitirira 20-25 masentimita. Masamba ndiotetezedwa, osalala, okhala ndi strak yotchulidwa pakati. Ma inflorescence okhala ndi mawonekedwe a hemisphere ndi masentimita 4-6. Maluwa ndi achikasu a dzuwa, ofanana ndi maluwa. Zomera zimatulutsa m'mphepete mwa June ndi Julayi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi Photophilousness, mumithunzi amataya kuwala;
  

  Anyezi Moth akuwoneka bwino ndi mawonekedwe amtengo wachikasu agolide

• Anyezi wokongola. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi masentimita 50-60. Ma inflorescence ndi otayirira, ma ambulate, pamagawo omata, atatu masentimita awiri. Mawonedwe ofanana akufanana ndi kasupe kapena makina amoto. Maluwa ndi ochepa, ofiirira-lilac. Maluwa amapezeka mu June;
  

  Anyezi okongola amawoneka ndi ma pedicel amtali osazolowereka

• Anyezi daffodil. Chomera chamapiri ndichilengedwe ndichilengedwe. Chimalekerera pang'ono. Msinkhu - mpaka 25 cm. Masamba ndi osalala, m'malo ochepa. Pa peduncle pali maluwa ochepa okha amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ofiira, vinyo, burgundy. M'mawonekedwe, sakhala ngati ma daffodils, koma ngati mabelu. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni, amakhala sabata 4-5;
  

  Anyezi daffodil sataya kuwala kowala ndi kuperewera kwa dzuwa

• Anyezi wabuluu (kapena wachifumu). Koyambira ku Central Asia. Kutalika kwa mbewu - 0,6-0.7 mamita. Masamba ang'onoang'ono amatha kudyedwa. M'mwezi wa Julayi zimawuma, pofika pakati pa Ogasiti amadzabwezera. Ma inflorescence ndi ozungulira, komanso awiri a 8-10 cm, oyera kwambiri amtambo wa buluu. Nthawi imodzi pafupi ndi iwo, mababu ang'onoang'ono a inki-violet okhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa 3-8 mm amapangidwa, omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. Izi anyezi sapatsa mbewu. Limamasula mu June;
  

  Anyezi wabuluu - imodzi mw mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, izi ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri a pamakhala
• Anyezi Ostrovsky. Ili ndi kukula kotsika, imafikira 30 cm cm. Amakonda nthaka yamiyala, yabwino kwa mapiri a Alpine ndi rockeries. Ma inflorescence ndi ma ambulansi, akulu kwambiri (mpaka 10 cm mulifupi). Maluwa ndi ofiira apinki kapena lilac. Ziphuphu kudzera m'modzi amasiyana kutalika. Maluwa amapezeka mu Meyi-Juni;
  

  Uta wa Ostrovsky uli woyenera bwino kukongoletsa zitsamba za alpine

• Bow Chameleon. Kugulitsidwa ndi obereketsa, odziwika ndi kukana chisanu ndi nthawi yamaluwa (kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti). Kutalika kwa chomera ndi masentimita 50-60. Ma inflorescence ndi ozungulira, mainchesi 7-8 masentimita.Maluwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa nyenyezi, pastel pinki wokhala ndi mzere wowala pakati pa petal iliyonse.
  

  Anyezi Chameleon amasintha kukula kwa mitundu ya ma petals kutengera ndikuwala

Mitundu ya Ephemeroid

Mitundu ya ephemeroid ya anyezi yokongoletsera imasiyanitsidwa makamaka. Nthawi yawo yokulira ndiyifupi, kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nthawi yonse yomwe mababu akupuma. Pambuyo maluwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba, kuwuma ndikuisunga m'chipinda chouma komanso chamdima, ndikuwadzala m'tchire. Gululi limaphatikizapo:

• Anyezi a Karatavian. Chomera 20-25 masentimita okwera chimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba amtundu wa ellipsoid wamtambo wobiriwira wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira wachitsulo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala malire ofiira ofiira. Mtundu wa inflorescence ndi wozungulira, wokhala ndi masentimita 4-5. Maluwa ndi oyera kapena ofiirira;
  

  Anyezi wa Karatavia sofanana kwambiri ndi anyezi malinga ndi momwe mawuwo amachitikira
• Uta wa Schubert. Imasiyanasiyana ma umbulla wooneka ngati ma inflorescence omwe amafikira 8-10 cm. Ma Pedicel ndi achidule kwambiri, kuyambira 2-3 mpaka 7-8 cm. Kutengera ndi nyengo zomwe zikukula, ma pinki apinki amatha kukhala ndi utoto wobiriwira. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono maluwa, mabulosi a pinki amapangidwa, komanso okongola kwambiri;
  

  Uta wa Schubert umakongoletsa ponse pa maluwa komanso pambuyo pake

• Bow of Christophe (aka "Star of Persia"). Masamba ndi yopapatiza, yopyapyala, ndi nsonga yolunjika. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi 15 masentimita kapena kupitirira ndi kutalika kwa miyendo pafupifupi masentimita 30. Maluwa ndi ofiirira-violet, ofanana ndi nyenyezi, okhala ndi miyala yopyapyala. Samagwa, inflorescence imawuma pa tsinde.
  

  Anyezi a Christoph amauma okha, osagwiritsa ntchito nyakulima

Vidiyo: kukumba mababu okongoletsa anyezi mutamasulidwa

Mauta omwe amatchedwa anzur, omwe ali wamba ku Central Asia, nawonso ali m'gulu la ephemeroid. Amakhala amtali (mita imodzi), masamba ndi owoneka bwino kapena mawonekedwe a ellipse, wokhala ndi tint yosazungulira ya buluu. Mu kasupe, amawoneka pafupifupi kuchokera pansi pa chipale chofewa ndipo amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri, koma pambuyo pakupanga kwa peduncle, amasintha mwachikasu komanso kowuma. Kutulutsa kwa anyezi a anzur kugwera mu Meyi-Juni.

• Aflatunsky anyezi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala wowerengeka kunyumba ndipo ali ndi katundu wofanana ndi muzu wa ginseng. Chomera chabwino cha uchi. Fungo la anyezi lenileni ndilofooka kwambiri. Maluwa ali ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya lilac ndi yofiirira;
  

  Anyezi aflatunsky mu kuchiritsa katundu si otsika kwambiri ginseng
• Anyezi wamkulu. Imafika kutalika kwa 1.8 m. Penumbra ndi mthunzi sizilekerera bwino. Ma inflorescence ndi ozungulira, mainchesi 12 mpaka 15, utoto wowala kwambiri, wokhala ndi "nyenyezi" zazing'ono kwambiri. Maluwa amayamba khumi zoyambirira za Juni, kumatha pafupifupi mwezi.
  

  Dzina lalikulu la anyezi limakhala ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu

Mitundu yodyedwa

Mitundu ina ya anyezi wabwino ndi yokongoletsanso:

• Ma chive (kapena liwiro). Kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 50. Nthambi zolimba, "zokongola" zobiriwira zabwino zimatha kupezeka pongofesa mbewu mwachisawawa. Pambuyo pa zaka 3-4, kubzala mwachilengedwe kumadzakula. Samadwala namsongole ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa. Maluwa ndi pinki kapena lilac-buluu, kuchokera kutali inflorescence ofanana ndi clover;
  

  Schnitt anyezi samangobweretsa zokolola, komanso amakongoletsa malowa

• Yotsika-anyezi (aka Siberian). Kutalika kwa mbewu kumafika masentimita 70. Masamba omwe amakhala ndi kakomedwe kakang'ono ndi kununkhira kwa adyo amadyedwa. Maluwa ndi mauve. Maluwa amapezeka mu Julayi;
  

  Magawo anyezi ayamba kuphuka mochedwa

• Ramson (anyezi wa chimbalangondo, kapena adyo wamtchire). Masamba ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, amakoma ngati adyo, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi kakombo wa m'chigwa. Ma inflorescence ndi otayirira, ozungulira, komanso awiri a masentimita 5-6. Maluwa ali ngati mawonekedwe a nyenyezi zokhala ndi timizere tating'ono, matalala oyera oyera. Pakatikati, masamba atatseguka, mababu ang'onoang'ono amtundu wowala wobiriwira ayamba kupanga.
  

  Ngakhale dzina lodziwika bwino, zimbalangondo sizimadya adyo wamtchire, zimangokhala ndi nkhokwe, ndikupanga majeremusi

Zinthu zikukula

Kukula kofulumira kwambiri komanso maluwa ambiri ochokera mu uta wokongoletsa angathe kuzibzala m'malo abwino owala ndi dzuwa. Ngakhale chikhalidwe chimasinthasintha bwino ndi mthunzi wocheperako, ndizowona kuti ikutaya kuwongola kwa mitundu yake. Koma pali zosiyana, mwachitsanzo, mthunzi wa adyo wamtchire ndi woyenera kwambiri. Kutali pang'ono, lingalirani za kupezeka kwa choletsa kapena chobisira chomwe chingateteze kukwera kwa mphepo.

Malo obzala uta wokongoletsera ayenera kukhala otseguka, koma otetezedwa ku mphepo

Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lovomerezeka bwino kumadzi ndi mpweya. Chokhacho chomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyezi yokongoletsa imalekerera ndikuzunguliridwa kwamadzi pamizu. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale yanyengo mwachilengedwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu paphiri laling'ono, pomwe madzi osungunuka amachoka mwachangu, madzi amvula ndi mpweya wofunda suma. Ngati madzi apansi panthaka yosankhidwa ayandikira pansi pafupi ndi theka la mita, yang'anani njira ina.

Zosafunika ndikuwonjezera acidity nthaka. Izi zitha kusintha pothira ufa wa dolomite, zipolopolo za mazira osalala, laimu wosenda (200-300 g / m²) pansi.

Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wachilengedwe, yemwe mulingo wosakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake

Momwe mungabyalale uta wokongoletsera

Bedi limakonzedwa ndikukumba dothi lakuya masentimita 20-25. gawo lapansi lachonde silikufuna feteleza owonjezera. Poterera, phula mchenga, onjezani 5-7 l of humus kapena kompositi yovunda (mulibe manyowa atsopano) ndi 25-30 g osavuta superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate pa 1 m².

Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka

Zomera ndizovuta kwambiri kupezeka kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka. Magwero ake achilengedwe ndi phulusa la nkhuni (1 l / m²), mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito potaziyamu (malinga ndi malangizo).

Pokonzekera bedi la anyezi wokongoletsera, onetsetsani kuti mukuthira feteleza wa potashi kunthaka

Anyezi wokongoletsedwa amabzalidwa ndi njere ndi mababu aakazi (basal kapena air). Poyamba, mbewu zamaluwa nyengo ino sizingawerengeredwe. Muyenera kudikirira zaka 3-5 kutengera kukula (anyezi wokulirapo amakula, kenako umayamba kutulutsa). Chifukwa chake, njirayi siyotchuka kwambiri.

Kukula anyezi wokongoletsa kuchokera ku njere ndizosowa kwenikweni kwa wamaluwa.

Mu anyezi wa ephemeroid, njira ya chitukuko imacheperachepera. Ikafesedwa ndi nthanga, zomwe zimafunikira kuzizira, mu chaka choyamba imodzi tsamba limodzi la cotyledon ndi babu 3-5 mamilimita amapangidwa. Imakhala mizu, ndikupanga tsamba lokhazikika lenileni. Kupitilira apo, unyinji wobiriwira umakwera pang'onopang'ono, maluwa amatuluka zaka 6-7.

Mpaka bulb ipambana mokwanira, kuyambika kwa anyezi wokongoletsera ndikosatheka

Mutha kubzala anyezi wokongoletsa onse mu kasupe (Epulo-Meyi), komanso nthawi yozizira (mu Seputembala-Okutobala). Mbewu zisanabzalidwe zimakulungidwa ndi timadzi tonyowa kwa masiku awiri, ndikuzipukutira pomwe zimayamba kumera. Mababu amatenthedwa kwa maola angapo mu yankho la biostimulant iliyonse (Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin). Pakuthira matendawa, potaziyamu permanganate imatha kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi (kwa utoto wotuwa wa pinki).

Mababu a uta wokongoletsera amapangika ambiri

Mababu obzalidwa kuti akuya 2-2,5 m'mimba mwake, mbewu zimayikidwa m'masentimita 1-2. Zimayikidwa milu, pafupifupi zidutswa 5-7 (zocheperazo monga chomera, ndizambiri zomwe zimabzalidwe pafupi). Pakati pazomera zimasiya 30-40 cm. Kubzala zosintha zaka 4-5 zilizonse.

Njira yothamanga ndikuchulukitsa anyezi ndikugawa nthiti. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze makope atsopano a nyengo yamawa. Koma njirayi siyabwino kwenikweni kwa mitundu yonse ya uta wokongoletsera. Ndikotheka, mwachitsanzo, pamayendedwe akumwa, kuyenda.

Vidiyo: Kubzala uta wokongoletsera

The kusiyanitsa chisamaliro

Kusamalira anyezi wokongoletsa kumakhala kumasula nthawi zonse ndikumasulira mabedi kuti nthaka isasokonekera. Kuti tisunge nthawi pakuwongolera maudzu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch pa kama ndi humus kapena peat crumb. Kutsirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumachitika. Kuti muzikongoletsa, nthawi zonse muzidula masamba owala ndi masamba owuma.

Ndi masamba achikasu, anyezi amataya kukongoletsa kwake, kotero muyenera kuwadula

Thirirani miyamboyo pang'onopang'ono posowa chinyontho, masamba akataya mtima ndikayamba nykat: kuthirira pafupipafupi kumapangitsa kuzungulira kwa babu ndi kufa kwa chomera. Mitundu yambiri imalekerera chilala bwino. Zonunkhira zokongoletsera zimazindikira kusowa kwa chinyezi kokha hafu yoyambirira ikula, pomwe msipu wobiriwira komanso ma peduncle amapangidwa mwachangu. Ndipo kasupe iye, monga lamulo, amakwanira madzi osungunuka.

Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ka 4-5 nthawi yakula. Nthawi yoyenera:

• kasupe atakula masamba angapo atsopano;
• pakapangidwe masamba;
• pambuyo maluwa;
• nthawi yoyambilira yophukira nyengo yachisanu.

Zonunkhira zokongoletsera zimakonda kwambiri potaziyamu, motero feteleza wopangidwa mwaluso wopangidwayi yemwe ali ndi predomonance ya macroelement iyi (Agricola, Master, BONA FORTE, Effekton), ndi wowerengeka azitsamba (phulusa). Kutengera nyengo, feteleza amagawidwa pabedi mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena kulowetsedwa, yankho lakonzedwa.

Phulusa la nkhuni - imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za feteleza pakati pa wamaluwa, gwero la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous

Kanema: Kukula ndi kusamalira anyezi wokongoletsa

Matenda ofanana ndi chikhalidwe ndi tizirombo

Tizilombo ta anyezi wokongoletsera sikuwonetsa chidwi chambiri chifukwa cha fungo lenileni, komanso chomera sichitha kuteteza matenda a fungus. Ngati anyezi akukhudzidwabe ndi bowa, wolima yekhayo ndiyemwe ayenera kulakwa. Cholakwika chake chachikulu ndi kuthirira kwambiri.

Matenda wamba:

• peronosporosis - choyamba utoto wofiirira wonyezimira umaonekera pamasamba, kenako amatembenuka chikasu ndikuwuma;
  

  Peronosporosis, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ufa wa powdery, imakhudza anyezi ngati chilimwe chikhala chamvula komanso chozizira

• dzimbiri - "fleecy" yowala lalanje-lalanje lalanje limonekera pamasamba mu mawonekedwe a kuzungulira kwazinthu, pang'onopang'ono limakhala ndi khungu la dzimbiri ndi kuwumitsa, chifukwa, chomera chimatuluka;
  

  Dzimbiri - imodzi mwazofala kwambiri zam'munda, anyezi ndi mababu, sizidutsanso

• cercosporosis - masamba adaphimbidwa ndi mawanga amaso amphaka okhala ndi malire owala, kenako nkuola, mbewuyo imafa;
  

  Anyezi cercosporosis amakhumudwitsa kukula kwa zowola

• wakuda zowola - mbewu imira mukukula, masamba amasinthira chikaso. Mababu ndi m'munsi mwake mumakhala zofiirira, amasanduka madzi. Pali fungo losasangalatsa labwino kuchokera panthaka, limakutidwa ndi nkhungu. Ndizosatheka kuthana ndi zowola - zimangodziwonekera pokhapokha chitukuko cha bowa chitatha kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kuchotsa mwachangu toyesa ndi kuyerekezera nthaka.
  

  Anyezi wakuda zowola pamtunda wa chomera zimawonekera pomwe njira ya fungus matenda yatera kwambiri

Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa - fungicides. Ngati anyezi wokongoletsa akhoza kudyedwa, zokonda zimaperekedwa kukonzekera kwachilengedwe (Baikal EM1, Bayleton, Alirin-B). Mutha kuyikanso madzi a Bordeaux, sulfate yamkuwa, HOM, Horus, Kuprozan.

Popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, anyezi wokongoletsera amathandizidwa ndi fungicides kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe komanso pakati pa yophukira, kumwaza dothi pamundapo ndi yankho

Masamba achikasu ndi kuchepa kwa maluwa nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kukokololoka kwa malo ambiri kapena kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka. Ndikokwanira kusamalira bwino uta wokongoletsera, ndipo zonse zidzakhala zachilendo.

Kanema: Kuteteza ndi kuwongolera matenda oyamba ndi fungus mu zomera

Kupanga anyezi wokongoletsa ndi ntchito yosasinthika ngakhale osazindikira pang'ono pantchito yolima. Mtengowo umaphatikiza bwino kukopa kwake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana mosadzicepetsa komanso kutha kusintha nyengo nyengo yakula. Komabe, alinso ndi "zofunika" zomwe zimafunikira kuzidziwitsidwa pasadakhale.