Blueberry ndi shrub wazipatso kuchokera ku mtundu wa Vaccinium, Heather wabanja. Pakati pa anthu, chomera chimadziwikanso ndi mayina a gonobob, dropsy, kabichi roll, juniper, mphesa zabuluu, ndi Blueberry. Amamera ku Northern Hemisphere, kuchokera ku malo otentha kupita ku Tundra. Ma Blueberries amakonda malo onyowa, onyowa, nkhalango, mitengo ya peat ndi magombe amtsinje. Mtengowu udatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi. Koma ma buluwe amathanso kukhala chokongoletsera m'mundamo. Tchire wandiweyani wokhala ndi masamba yaying'ono, reddging mu kugwa, ndipo zipatso zamtambo zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa obiriwira kale idapangidwa kale, yomwe imazika mizu bwino, kotero simuyenera kupeza zipatso zokongola m'nkhalango kapena dambo.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Blueberry ndi nthambi yophukira yosatha 30-50 masentimita (nthawi zina mpaka 1 m). Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbewuyo ndi zaka 90-100. Mphukira zolemekezeka zimakula vertically kapena pang'ono wilt. Zakutidwa ndi bulawuni wopepuka kapena bulabu. Mpweya wa chomera ndiwofunda, wopanda pake. Chifukwa cha kulibe tsitsi la muzu, kukula kwabwinobwino kumafunikira kuyang'ana kwa bowa (mycorrhiza).
Leaflets pa petioles lalifupi amakula mosiyana. Ali ndi mawonekedwe olimba komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi m'mphepete mozungulira. Masamba obiriwira osakhazikika samapitilira 3 cm mulitali ndi 2,5 cm mulitali. Pamwamba pake amaphimbidwa ndi zokutira zing'onozing'ono za waxy zomwe zimamupatsa mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Pa mbali yopepuka, mtsempha wotchuka wapakati umawoneka bwino. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba amayamba kukhala ofiira kenako nkugwa.
Kuyambira wazaka 11 mpaka 17, mabulashi amaluwa. Maluwa amawonekera mu Meyi. Ndi ochepa kwambiri, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati belu ndipo amapanga inflorescence lotayirira mpaka zidutswa 20. Corolla iliyonse imamera pamtunda wosinthasintha. Mitundu ya petals ndi yoyera kapena yoyera yapinki.
Pambuyo kupukutira, kuzungulira kapena owala zipatso yowutsa mudyo kumacha pakati pa chilimwe. Kuyambira pano ndikupeza mtundu wamakhalidwe, zimatenga masiku ena angapo kuti zipatsozo zizikhala zofewa komanso zokoma. Khungu nthawi zambiri limakhala ndimtambo wamtambo kapena wabuluu wokhala ndi zokutira za waxy. Kutalika kwa mabulosi kumafika 12 mm. Zokolola za buliberries ndizokwera kwambiri, kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 10 kg ya zipatso. Kulemera kwa aliyense ukufika 10-25 g.
Blueberries kapena blueberries
Chifukwa cha kufanana kwa tchire ndi zipatso, ma buluu nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi ma buluu. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mbewu zonse ziwiri ndizogwirizana komanso ndizofanana. Pali zosiyana zingapo:
- mabulletre ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo nthambi zake nthawi zambiri zimafalikira pansi;
- ma buliberries ndi okoma kwambiri komanso opepuka;
- msuzi wa zipatso za mabulosi am'maso, sipuma manja ndi zovala;
- Maonekedwe aibuliberi nthawi zonse amakhala ozungulira, pomwe maibuloni amatha.
Mitundu yotchuka ya buliberries
Pali mitundu ingapo yamaubusiberi: marashi (kumpoto, opindika), dimba (lalitali, laku America), lopendekera-pakati (lalitali, lalitali, lokhala ndi masamba yaying'ono ndi zipatso). Pazokongoletsa ndikupeza zokolola zochuluka, mitundu yamaluwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
- Blucrop. Shrub yokhala ndi mphukira yokhazikika mpaka 2 m kutalika kwa masika imakutidwa ndi masamba okongola ofiira omwe pang'onopang'ono amatembenukira. Mu Meyi, maluwa oyera oyera amawoneka, ndipo nthawi yotentha, zipatso zazikulu za buluu zakuda zakuda zimacha mpaka 2 cm.
- Patriot. Chitsamba chofowoka chofowoka 1.5-2 m chimapanga korona wobiriwira wowonda. Chakumapeto kwa Julayi, masango akuluakulu a zipatso zobiriwira amapsa ndikufinya kwamtambo.
- Bluegold. Chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zochulukirapo mpaka 1.2 m chimatulutsa zipatso zamtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira womwe umaphukira kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.
- Mkulu. Khungidwe kamene limakula pang'onopang'ono 120-180 masentimita kale kale mkati mwa Julayi kumapereka zipatso zazikulu zakuluzikulu za buluu. Mitundu yokonda kutentha m'miyeso yabwino imapereka zipatso zosachepera 8 kg.
- Mtsinje. Mphukira zofooka zofooka zimamera vertically. Kutalika kwawo ndi masentimita 170-200. Pakati pa Juni, zipatso zazikuluzikulu za buluu zowala zimayamba kupsa. Amamva kukoma ndikulolera mayendedwe.
- Bonasi Pafupifupi chitsamba choyambira chimabala zipatso kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi kukula kwa zipatsozo (mpaka 3 cm mulifupi). Amakutidwa ndi khungu lamtambo wabuluu ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
- Chandler. Khungwa lomera msanga lomwe limakula mwachangu kwambiri 1.5 m limaperekanso lalikulu (mpaka 2,5 cm)) zipatso zamtambo wonyezimira.
- Northland Chitsamba chachifupi (100-120 cm) chokhala ndi wandiweyani, korona wobiriwira ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono owundana amakutidwa ndi zipatso zonenepa za buluu kumapeto kwa Julayi.
- Denis Buluu. Chitsamba chapamwamba (150-180 cm) chimadziwika osati kututa, komanso kukongoletsa kwambiri. Pakati pazinthu zazing'ono zamarofu zimasiya kuwala kwa pinki inflorescence. Pambuyo pakuvundikira, zipatso zokoma za buluu zazikulu zimacha.
- Dziko la Kumpoto. Chomera chochepa sichidutsa 60 cm kutalika. Imapatsa mbewu yabwino, koma zipatso zake zimakhala ndi kukoma komanso kununkhira kwambiri. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nthaka komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.
- Zodabwitsa. Kufalikira kumafalikira mpaka 1.8 m kutalika kuli ndi njira zambiri zamtsogolo. Pakati pa chilimwe, zipatso zowirira za zipatso zamtambo zofiirira zamtambo zokhala ndi khungu loonda, lowonekera zimawonekera.
Njira zolerera
Njira zingapo ndi zabwino pakukula kwa buliberries.
Kukula kwa mbewu. Mbewu zikuyenera kusungidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zopsa bwino kuchokera ku ma tchire athanzi. Amamasulidwa ku zamkati, kutsukidwa ndikuwuma. Chapakatikati, pambuyo pochulukirachulukira, mbewu zimafesedwa mumiyala ndi mchenga ndi peat nthaka yakuya 5 mm. Zotengera zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Nthaka imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Kwa zaka 2, mbande zimamera malo amodzi. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muzithirira madzi ndi kumasula dothi pafupi ndi mizu. Kuyambira mchaka chachitatu, zitsamba za mabulosi abulu zitha kusinthidwa m'mundamo.
Mizu yodula - njira yodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Zodulidwa zobiriwira zimadulidwa mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, ndikulemetsedwa zimakolola kuyambira nthawi yophukira. Mphukira izikhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 15. Yodulidwa m'munsi imapangidwa mofooka pansi pa mfundo. Mankhwalawa atakula ndi othandizira okula, zodulidwa zimayikidwa mu miphika ndi dothi lokhala ndi 70% mchenga. Amasungidwa pansi pa hood kwa miyezi iwiri. Chitsamba chikayamba kuphukira ndipo mphukira zatsopano zitawonekera, pogona zimatha kuchotsedwa.
Gawani chitsamba. Masamba otsika amatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Mu kasupe, chomeracho chimakumbidwa kwathunthu ndipo zigawo za mizu zingapo zophukira kapena mphukira zazing'ono zimalekanitsidwa. Atangobera, masamba a nkhalangozi amathandizidwa ndi makala ophwanyika ndikumabzala.
Magawo a mizu. Makungwa a nthambi yaying'ono amawonongeka pang'ono, kenako amakanikizira pansi ndikakonza. Magawo amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi. Zidzatenga mizu chaka chino, koma kudzipatula ndi kuziwulutsa zimachitika pokhapokha zaka ziwiri.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Kwa buluku, ndikwabwino kuti muzitenga ngodya yamunda wabwino. Malowa ndioyenera kum'mwera kwa mpanda, khoma kapena pafupi ndi mitengo ina ndi zitsamba. Chomera chimafuna malo owala bwino, koma nthawi zambiri chimakula.
Kuyambapo bwino kumachitika mkati mwa nthawi yophukira kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Monga chomera, mabuliberiwo amabzala m'mizere ndi mtunda wa pafupifupi 1 mita pakati pa tchire ndi 2-3 m kanjira. Kenako padzakhala kuwala kokwanira pamtunda ndipo kungakhale kosavuta kuwayang'anira. Mabasi amakula bwino kokha munthaka yac acid. Ngati ndi kotheka, mchenga wokwanira ndi peat amabweretsedwa pansi. Mizu yomwe ili mu dzenje lobzala igawanitsani mokwanira ndikuphimba malo aulere ndi dothi lotayirira popanda zowonjezera zachilengedwe. Khosi la mizu limakulitsidwa ndi pafupifupi 3-5 cm.
Pomaliza kubzala, tchire limamadzidwa madzi ambiri ndikuwazika nthaka ndi khungwa, udzu, ndi singano. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa mapangidwe otumphuka pamtunda. Komabe, kangapo pamnyengo dziko lapansi limamasulidwa. Mizu yake ndi 10-15 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba, motero ntchito zimachitika mosamala. Namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Ma Blueberries amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Dziko lapansi pamizu liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, koma kusunthika kwa madzi kwa masiku opitilira awiri kumabweretsa kuwonongeka. Pakapanda kuchulukirachulukira, zidebe zamadzi 1-1,5 zimathiridwa pansi pa chitsamba kawiri pa sabata. Kuthirira kumachitika bwino m'mawa kwambiri kapena pafupi kulowa dzuwa. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbewu ikakololedwa, ndikofunikira kupitilirabe kuthirira mbewuzo, chifukwa pakadali pano maluwa ayamba kupanga. Ndikofunikanso kupopera tchire lonse masiku otentha, koma osati masana.
Kuti mbeu ikhale yochulukirapo, mabuluniwa amafunika kuthira manyowa nthawi zonse. Palibe chifukwa ngati muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Kusunga acidity yayikulu nthaka, yankho la sulufule ya colloidal, citric acid kapena 0,1% electrolyte ya batri imalowetsedwa mmenemo. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimayambitsidwa masamba asanatseguke, chachiwiri nthawi yamaluwa, ndipo chomaliza pomwe zipatso zimacha.
Kusamalira ma buluku kumaphatikiza kudulira kovomerezeka, komwe kumakupatsani kukhalabe kosakanikirana, kukongoletsa komanso kupanga zipatso zambiri. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri kuti muzidulira ndiyambireni masika, masamba asanatseguke. Nthambi za mafupa zimapangidwa pamtchire zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimatha kupirira kwambiri. Mphukira zobiriwira zimatha kuduladula theka. Mphukira zowuma ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa chaka chonse mpaka m'munsi. Nthata zokhala ndi zaka zopitilira 5 zimadulidwa pansi kuti zimalimbikitse kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Ndikofunikanso kudulira korona yemwe ndi wandiweyani kwambiri, chifukwa ndikamakula mwamphamvu, maluwa amakhala ochepa, ndipo zipatso zimacha bwino.
Ma Blueberries amadziwika ndi kukana chisanu, koma nyengo yotentha kwambiri (pansi -25 ° C) posakhalitsa chipale chofewa. Kuti mupewe izi, mutakolola, nthambi zimakhazikika pansi ndikukhazikika ndi twine kapena waya. Masamba owuma ndi nthambi za spruce zimaponyedwa pamtunda, ndipo nthawi yozizira imatsanulira. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pogona ponse kuti chomera chisapere.
Ndikusankha koyenera malo ndi chisamaliro, ma buluu samadwala ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo. Ngati madzi amasunthira pansi, kuwola imvi, kuyanika nthambi, kupenya kwamtambo kapena malo owala awiri. Kuti izi zisachitike, muyenera kusamalira nthaka ndikuchotsa madzi owonjezera. Nthambi zodwala kale zimadulidwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo athanzi amathandizidwa ndi fungicide ("Topaz", Bordeaux fluid, "Topsin").
Ziphuphu zitha kuvutitsa mbewuzo kwambiri, koma ma nsabwe, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndi ma pine a nyemba zimatha kukhazikika. Tizilombo timene timatengedwa pamanja ndikuwathandizira ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti mankhwala asakhazikike pa zipatso, njira yodzikonzera idakonzedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, maluwa asanachitike.
Ubwino wa Berry
Ma Blueberries ndi gwero la michere. Amatha kuteteza, kulimbitsa ndi kukonza thupi la munthu. Madziwo amakhala ndi mavitamini (A, B1, B2, K, C), amino acid, zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu. Zinthu izi zimachotsa zitsulo zama radio radio, kulimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi, kulimbikitsa kugaya chakudya, kuthandizira kuzizira ndi tonsillitis, komanso kutsitsa magazi.
Ma decoctions, tinctures, kusunga, compotes ndi kuwonjezera osati zipatso komanso amasiya kutsitsimutsa kwa rheumatism ndi malungo, kusintha masomphenya, kuthetsa minofu kukokana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga komanso amakonda kupanga zotupa.
Ma Blueberries alibe zotsutsana. Inde, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala, monga chinthu china chilichonse. Kuchuluka kwa zipatso mthupi kumabweretsa ziwengo, kumayambitsa nseru, matumbo m'mimba ndi kutsika kwamvekedwe ka minofu.
