Forsythia ndi shrub wobadwira ku Asia, koma pano ndiwotchuka kwambiri ku Europe. Chomera chimayimira kuyambira kwa masika, popeza maluwa ake amagwa mu Marichi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa za chikhalidwecho ndi kusazindikira kwake, ngakhale mutakhala ndi mfuti yowala kwambiri, sichidzataya kukongola kwake, kuchuluka kwa mitundu, ndipo sichitha msanga kukula.
Kulongosola kwa Forsythia
Mtengo wamaluwa umakula pang'ono, womwe uli pamtunda wa 1-3 m, pali mitundu yaying'ono. Mwa mitundu yonse ya Forsythia, zitsanzo zokhala ndi masamba oblong zimapezeka kwambiri, koma pali zosiyanapo, zokhala ndi maulendo atatu. Maselo otchetcha a notch amakula mpaka masentimita 15. Maluwa amafanana ndi mabelu, koma mtundu wake ndi wachikaso. Bokosi la mbewu limakhala ngati chipatso. Kutulutsa mu Marichi kumatha milungu itatu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya forsythia
| Onani. Zosiyanasiyana | Msinkhu, zimayambira | Mawonekedwe |
Kutsegulira:
| Korona wa kuwona kwamtsogolo kwamamita atatu akufalikira kwambiri, ndipo zitsinde zake zoonda ndizitali kutalika kufalikira pansi. Mphukira zopatula zomwe zafika panthaka nthawi zina zimazika mizu, zimapanga chithunzi cha tetrahedral m'gawo. Zimayambira ndi utoto wofiirira. Ternate amasiya pang'ono. | Mitundu yambiri yama hybrid idatengedwa pamaziko a mitundu iyi. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa ndi maluwa okhala ngati belu 5-6 amtundu wamoto wachikasu. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chomenyera zotupa, kuchotsa poizoni, chimathandiza magazi kuyenda ndikufotokozeranso ntchito ziwalo zingapo zamkati. Imapulumuka bwino pambuyo pakusintha. |
Ovoid:
| Mtundu wocheperako (mpaka 2 m) umaimiridwa ndi kusakaniza kwamaluwa achikasu ndi achikaso pa khungwa. | Mtengowo ndi wa mitundu yozizira kwambiri, pomwe uli ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa inflorescence kuposa mitundu ina. |
Wapakatikati:
| Mphukira zazikulu zimapanga chomera chomwe chimakula mpaka 3 m kutalika. Masamba obowoleza m'maso ali ndi kulumikizana kolowera. | Shrub yowetedwa pamaziko a zobiriwira zakuda ndikulendewera Forsythia. Wotchuka kwambiri ali ku gawo la ku Europe. Mtengo wamaluwa ndi wolimba. |
| European | Imakula mpaka 2 m kutalika. Zomwe zimayimira mulifupi mwake ndizolimba kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kutanuka bwino. | Amayesedwa ngati mitundu yolephera kwambiri kuzizira, koma kugawa kwake ndi kochepa. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mawonekedwe ofananawo amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi miyala, ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri. Maluwa achikasu amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. |
| Giralda | Forsythia ndiwocheperako kukula (mpaka 2 m). Gawo la mtanda la mphukira limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a quadrangular. | Chitsamba chimafanana ndi forsythia yaku Europe, koma sichitha kuzizira. Maluwa a mthunzi wa dzuwa amafikira zazikulu. |
| Mtundu wobiriwira | Amakula mpaka 3 m kutalika. Zimayambira ndizachilendo kukakamiza mawonekedwe ndi kukula. | Malo achilengedwe - mapiri a Asia. Chomera sichigwirizana ndi kuzizira, chifukwa chake, kuti chisanu chikuyenda bwino, chikufunika kutentha. Mtundu wagolide wa maluwa ali ndi kuphatikizika kwa mitundu yobiriwira. |
Zambiri za kulima kwa Forsythia
Chomera sichimafuna chisamaliro chaulemu, koma pali zina zomwe zingasinthe kukula ndi kuthengo kwa chitsamba. Uwu ndi mndandanda wa ena a iwo:
- Chitsamba chimayankha ndi maluwa ochulukirapo kwambiri pakufika kwounikira zochulukirapo, koma mthunzi wosaloledwa umaloledwa;
- Dothi la Forsythia liyenera kukhala ndi laimu;
- Oyandikana bwino ndi ma conifers obiriwira;
- Mtengowo umamasuka ndi mitundu yatsopano nthawi yophukira, zomwe zimangowonjezera kukongoletsa kwake.
Kubzala kwa Forsythia poyera
Kukhazikika kwa chitsamba kumayenera kumalizidwa isanayambike chisanu, kotero kubzala kapena kubzala kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa miyezi, kapena Seputembala. Malo omwe ali ndi dzuwa pansi pa chomera sayenera kuwunikidwa ndi mphepo zamphamvu. Nthaka ndi yoyenera pafupifupi chilichonse, bola ngati youma osati acidic. Kuti muwonjezere pH m'nthaka ayenera kuwonjezera phulusa.
Zowongolera
Dzenje lotayiliralo liyenera kupangidwa mwa kiyibodi lomwe limakhala ndi nkhope ya 0.5 m, popeza mizu ya Forsythia siliyandikira kwambiri kuposa mamitala 0.4 Mukadzala zitsanzo zingapo nthawi imodzi, kumbukirani mtunda, kotero kuti mtunda wa chitsamba chilichonse chotsatira sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 1, 5m kuchokera kwa woyamba. Pansi pa dzenje lokhazikitsa ili ndi ngalande, poyika dongo zokulitsa, mwala wosweka kapena wosweka njerwa mkati ndi wosanjikiza mpaka mamita 01. Kenako ndikofunikira kudzaza mchenga ndi wosanjikiza wa 0,5 m.
Unyinji ukuwonjezedwa komaliza, kuphatikiza (1: 1: 2):
- peat;
- mchenga;
- pansi.
Phulusa laling'ono lamatabwa (200 g) litha kuwonjezeredwa ndi dothi losakanikirana ili. Pambuyo pake, mmera umayikidwa mwachindunji, malo opanda kanthu okutidwa ndi dothi, ndipo malo owazungulirawo amakumbukika. Chomera chodzala chokha chomwe chimafunikira hydration yolimba. Kubzala muzu kumasiyana ndi kubzala kwa masika kuti mu Seputembu dothi lozungulira liyenera kuyalidwa. Kwa nthawi yozizira, chomera chimafuna malo ogona, omwe amatha kupuma bwino, chifukwa Forsythia ikhoza kutuluka.
Chisamaliro cha Forsythia
Iyenera kukhala yokwanira komanso yophatikiza, kuthirira ndi kuthira feteleza, chomera chimafunikiranso kudulira.
Kuthirira
Ndikofunika pokhapokha kukakhala chilala komanso kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi yonse yotsalayo ikayamba kugwa ngati mvula. Pafupifupi malita 12 a chinyontho ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa sampuli imodzi, kuthirira kulikonse kumachitika kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Pafupifupi madzi aliwonse ndi oyenera kukakamiza.
Kumasula, kudula, kulimitsa
Chithandizo cha dothi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo mutanyowetsa. Nthaka imamumasulidwa ndikuya masentimita 20, kudulira kumachitika mozungulira chitsamba, pambuyo pake malowo amawazidwa ndi dothi lopanda chinyontho. Ngati mupanga kompositi yophatikizira, ndiye kuti kupalira kuyenera kuzimiririka.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Chomera pa dothi lokhazikika bwino chimawonetsera kukula bwino komanso kutulutsa maluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa katatu:
- M'mwezi wa Marichi, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi woyenera, mwachitsanzo, manyowa owola. Iyenera kuyikidwa mozungulira thunthu ndi kuthiriridwa bwino;
- Pakati pa kasupe, mchere wovuta umagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamlingo wa 70 g pachitsanzo;
- Forsythia, yomwe yatha. Kuyeza kumeneku kumathandizira kukhazikitsa impso mtsogolo. Feteleza wophatikiza wabwino wa mmunda wamaluwa umayikidwa pa 0,5 makilogalamu pa 1 m².
Kudulira
Pakuyera, chomera chimafunikira kudulira zitsamba zonse zouma ndi zowonongeka. Kuchita kofananako kumatsatira chomera chomwe chazimiririka kale. Mphukira zaumoyo zimayenera kudulidwa. Komanso, zokongoletsera zokongoletsa nthawi zina zimapangidwa kuti zipatsidwe mawonekedwe ku Forsythia. Shrub imatha kupangidwanso ndi njira yomweyo, koma osapitilira 1 nthawi yazaka 5. Zotsatira zake, chiwerengero cha achinyamata mphukira chidzawonjezeka kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kudulira pafupipafupi kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa greenery - kuyang'ana kwamtsogolo kudzakhala kosachedwa kubala, koma kungaletse kutulutsa.
Forsythia pambuyo maluwa
Ndi chipale chokwanira m'nyengo yozizira, mtengo wamaluwa sufunikira kumangidwira, chifukwa adzapatsidwa chivundikiro. Nthawi zina, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti kuwunikiratu bwino kwamtsogolo. Kuyambira pansipa, thunthupo limakutidwa ndi masamba ambiri owuma, ndipo nthambi zimakanikizidwa pansi ndikukutidwa ndi wosanjikiza nthambi zanthete.
Ndi kuyamba kwa masika, tchire limamasulidwa ku malo ake okhala.
Kufalitsa kwa Forsythia
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amakonda mitundu ya masamba, makamaka - kudula. Kututa kwakuthupi kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Malingaliro amunthu aliyense ayenera kukhala athanzi ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 15. Masamba a pansi pake ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwombera ndikuwathandizira kuti azikulitsa muzu.
Kubzala kumachitika mumchenga, mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zodulidwa zokhazokha zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu kugwa zitha kuyikidwa padera. Kwa nthawi yozizira amafunika kuphimbidwa, ndipo nthawi yophukira amakhala mbande zabwino.
Kubalana mwa masanjidwe. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphukira yomwe ikulendewera panthaka, ndikutsitsa waya pamunsi pake ndikuwoneka ngati makungwa oyang'anizana ndi dziko lapansi. Limbitsani tsinde pansi ndikuwaza ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi.
Kale mu Epulo, mutha kudzipatula ku chomera, patatha chaka chimodzi kuyambika kwamera. Kubzala mbewu ndi koyenera makamaka kwa akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chomera sichitha kugwidwa ndi matenda komanso kuukira kwa tizirombo tina. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuti ma nematode awonekere, koma ndizosavuta kupha tizilombo tikamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala apadera, mwachitsanzo, Carbation.
Mwa zina mwa matenda, bacteriosis, wilting ndi moniliosis nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Matendawa amatchedwa bacteriosis atha kuwononga chitsamba munthawi yochepa kwambiri, pomwe ndizosatheka kuchiritsa mbewu. Popeza Forsythia singathe kupulumutsidwa, imangoyichotsa ndi mizu ndikulima dothi pozungulira kuti kachilomboka kasamaperekenso kuzizindikiro zina.
Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda a moniliosis ndikuwonetsa mawanga ambiri a bulauni pambale ya masamba. Poterepa, ndikokwanira kuchotsa chitsamba cha ziwalo zopatsirana.
Kufota kumatha kuyimitsidwa mwa kupopera mtengo wamaluwa ndi Fundazol. Ndende yoyenera kwambiri ndi 5%.
A Dachnik akuvomereza: kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Forsythia m'malo owonekera
Nthawi zambiri, zitsamba zimabzalidwa m'minda ndi m'mapaki, zonse m'mabzala m'modzi m'minda yamagulu ndi oimira ofananawo.
Chimakwanira bwino mozungulira chilengedwe chachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati linga, chifukwa nthambi zake zimatha kukula msanga. Komanso, opanga maonekedwe ake sanadutse kugwiritsa ntchito chitsamba poyima dimba. Zabwino pakongoletsa maluwa.
