Kuthandizana ndi nyerere ndi nsabwe za m'masamba: Kodi mungathetse bwanji mgwirizano wokondweretsa kuteteza zomera?

Aphid - imodzi mwa tizirombo ta minda, minda ndi zipinda, zimakhala za mapiko. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yokwana 20,000 ya nsabwe za m'masamba. Iwo amakhala pa zomera zomwe madzi awo amadyetsa.

Khungu lawo ndi lochepa thupi, limangowonongeka mosavuta chifukwa cha tizilombo tomwe timamwa madzi ambiri. Zakudya zoonjezera zomwe zimapezeka ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kuchokera ku zitsamba za zomera, zimachokera ku "uchi wamauchi", zomwe zimakonda nyerere.

Aphid moyo

Nsabwe za m'masamba ndizo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, osati zazikulu kuposa maselo ochepa.. Matupi awo ovekedwa ndi ophimbidwa ndi mphutsi, chipolopolo cha theka. Chifukwa cha miyendo yaitali, nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kuthamanga ndikudumpha kuchokera ku chomera kupita ku chimzake. Werengani zambiri za malo omwe aphid amakhala komanso zomwe wamaluwa ndi wolima ayenera kudziwa zokhudza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, werengani pano.

Amakhala kumidzi, ndipo m'madera awa pali tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso anthu omwe ali ndi mapiko. Chizindikiro cha nthenda ya nsabwe za m'masamba sichigwirizana ndi kugonana: mapiko onsewa ali azimayi ndi amuna. Pamutu pa tizilombo akuluakulu tiri ndi tinyanga, chifukwa chake zimasiyanitsa zowomba, komanso zikhomo ndizofunikira kuti zikhudze.

Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zovuta zosiyana siyana zimabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira wofiira mpaka wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda. Mu tizilombo tomwe timathawa tikhoza kuwonjezera pa iwo atatu ocelli osavuta.

Pakamwa pakatsegula aphid ndi proboscis yaing'ono yomwe ili ndi zigawo zinayi. Amathyola khungu la chomera pamodzi ndi kuyamwa madzi (kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza nsabwe za aphid, mungapeze apa). Masamba a zomera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba amayamba kufota, amawombera kuti asiye kukula, ndipo pamidzi mizu yotchedwa protrusions imapangidwa - galls. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhudza mbali zonse za zomera., zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala tizilombo toopsya kwambiri.

Maphunziro a moyo wa nsabwe za m'masamba amayamba ndi mfundo yakuti mu kugwa, amai amaika mazira, omwe mphutsi zimathamanga mumasika. Monga akulu, amayamba kuchulukitsa mwa njira ya parthenogenesis, ndiko kuti, popanda umuna. Panthawi iyi, mbadwa za nsabwe za m'masamba ndizozimayi zokha. Mu mwezi chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kufika mazana zikwi.

Nkhalango ikadzadzaza, pakati pa anawo amaoneka ndi mapiko omwe angathe kuwulukira ku zomera zina. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, amuna a mapiko amaoneka pakati pa ana a nsabwe za m'masamba..

Akakhala akuluakulu, amuna ndi akazi onse amayamba kale kubereka. Mayiyu tsopano ali ndi mazira ochepa kwambiri. Koma mazira opangidwa ndi feteleza amatha kusamutsa m'nyengo yozizira, koma nsabwe za m'masamba zonse, zimachotsedwa kuchokera kumayambiriro, osakhala ndi umuna, samakhala ozizira.

Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kukhala ndi masiku angapo mpaka mwezi.. Kutentha kwakukulu, 8-10 ° С kumachepetsa moyo wa mkazi mpaka miyezi iwiri.

Kodi nyerere zimakhala bwanji?

Nyerere zomwe zili mu dongosolo la Hymenoptera zimakhala mumadontho omwe amamanga - zitsamba, zokonzedwa pansi, pansi pa miyala kapena matabwa. Kaŵirikaŵiri, pamodzi ndi iwo, pali tizilombo tina tomwe takhala tikugwirizana ndi nyerere.

Kuwonjezera pa nyerere zowonongeka, "akapolo" omwe amawatenga nthawi zina amakhala m'magulu - nyerere za m'madera ena akugwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri.

Nyerere ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, chiwerengero chawo ndi chachikulu chifukwa zimabereka mofulumira kwambiri. Amakhala kulikonse kupatula Antarctica ndi zilumba zambiri zomwe zinatayika m'nyanja.

Nyerere ndizomwe zimapangidwira ndi kupatukana ku castes:

• Azimayi - Amatchedwanso mfumukazi kapena mfumukazi akugwira ntchito yokha yobereka mwana. Amuna amamera ku mazira osakhala ndi mazira, ndi akazi ochokera mazira okhwima. Mfumukaziyi ili ndi mapiko, koma amaipuma nthawi yomweyo pomaliza kuthawa. Nyerere za chiberekero ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuposa awo "pansi" ndipo amakhala ndiutali kuposa iwo. Moyo wa mfumukazi ya nyerere ikhoza kufika zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo.
• Amuna aamuna - ndizochepa kuposa chiberekero, komanso zimakhala ndi mapiko. Ntchito yawo yokha ndiyo kutenga nawo mbali. Amuna atakwaniritsa cholinga chawo, amawonongedwa ndi nyerere zina. Moyo wa nyerere amafika pamasabata angapo.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito nyerere kapena maulendo - Awa ndi akazi omwe ali ndi njira yosabereka yobereka. Amapeza chakudya, amasunga ndondomeko komanso amaukitsa ana amtsogolo. Anthu aakulu kwambiri pakati pa nyerere zomwe zili ndi mutu waukulu ndipo zimakula kwambiri, zomwe zimatchedwa nyerere zankhondo, zimateteza anthu osaitanidwa.

Nyerere zimatengedwa tizilombo topindulitsa, koma zikayandikira pafupi ndi munthu, zimavulaza kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Nyerere zimawononga munda ndi munda, komanso udzu, zimawononga makoma a nyumba zamatabwa ndi zitsulo kuchokera mkati ndikuthandizira kubereka zovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulimbana nazo.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: chifukwa chiyani amafunika kuthandizana?

Nyerere zimabweretsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kuzibzala pa masamba a munda wamunda kapena munda.. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyemba zambewu, tsamba la aphid limalandira mapuloteni, ndipo shuga imachotsa thupi lake ngati madontho okoma, otchedwa paddy kapena honey.

Kodi chofunika kwambiri cha mgwirizano wa tizilombo ndi chiyani, nanga nyerere zimadya bwanji symbiont (nsabwe za m'masamba) ndipo amadya okha? Nyerere imamveka phokoso ndi tinyanga, ndipo imatulutsa dontho la madzi okoma. Nsabwe za m'masamba pafupifupi miniti iliyonse imatulutsa dontho la uchi.

Izi, nyerere zimadya kapena kuteteza nsabwe za m'masamba kwa mbalamezi, mbalame za mbalame ndi mbalame, komanso zimamanga nyumba zadothi pazitsamba za zomera, komanso zimatulutsanso nsabwe za m'masamba ku mbewu zina, zazing'ono ndi zokoma pambuyo pa zomerazo.

Kwa nthawi yozizira, nyerere zimatenga ngakhale nsabwe za m'masamba m'mitengo yawo.kumene nyengo yonse yozizira imamusamalira ndi mazira omwe amamuika.

Kodi mungamenyane bwanji?

Nyerere zamasamba zimakhala mu madera a dacha ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zimapundula zokolola ndikubzala ambirimbiri nsabwe za m'masamba.

Pali mankhwala ambiri otsutsa nyerere., chinthu chachikulu chimene chimayambira makamaka ku ziwalo za mitsempha ya tizilombo. Maziko a ambiri a iwo ndi diazinon kapena chlorpyrifos.

Kulimbana ndi nyerere kumatha kuchitanso m'njira zambiri zowonjezera zachilengedwe: kufalitsa masamba a tsabola kapena utuchi wothira wothira garlic pamtunda. Kapena muwatsanulire ndi mafuta, koma musawotche.

Chenjerani! Zotsatira zabwino zimapereka mchere wamba: uyenera kutsanulira pa chisa chomwecho komanso njira zomwe tizilombo timayenda.

Chowawa ndi zokolola za parsley pa chiwembu zidzatetezeranso nyerereamene samalola fungo la zitsamba zimenezi.

Mafuta a zamasamba, phulusa la fodya, wosweka masamba a tomato, komanso turpentine ndi makala amakhalanso abwino kumenyana nawo.

Koma chifukwa chakuti kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa munda ndi munda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyerere, ndi aphid, choyamba, muyenera kuthana nayo. Pali njira zingapo zopangira izi. Njira zodziwika kwambiri zolimbana ndi zovuta.. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amawononga nsabwe za m'masamba.

Mukhozanso kubzala zomera kuzungulira munda kapena munda womwe umakopera adani aphika a tsamba lachilengedwe, monga anyani, nkhumba, mbalame za mbalame ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana.

Werengani zambiri za othandizira ena polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Kodi mungateteze bwanji mitengo?

Chitetezo cha mitengo chikhoza kuchitika m'njira zingapo.:

1. Ikani makapu angapo a filimu kapena polyethylene mafilimu pamtengo wa mitengo, kuwamangiriza m'malo awiri ndi chingwe chofewa ndi kuika mafuta ponseponse m'kati mwake.
2. Kokani dzenje lakuya pamtunda wa mtengo ndikuyika tayala ya galimoto yomwe imadulidwa mwa theka ladzaza ndi madzi.
3. Gulani mitengo ikuluikulu ndi adyo mitsempha, fungo la nyerere silingayime.
4. Wiritsani udzu wowawawa kapena nsonga za phwetekere.
5. Lankhulani ndi SES yapafupi kuti akatswiri opanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo apange mitengo, komanso malo oyandikana nawo.

Ubale woterewu monga symbiosis pakati pa nyerere ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zilipo kwa miyanda ya zaka - tizilombo tizilombo timadalira kwambiri kuti sitingathe kukhala yekha. Ngati chochitika kuti aphid iwoneke pa chiwembu, nkofunika kuti palimodzi pakhale nawo. Ngati simukulimbana ndi zina kuposa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zina ndi nyerere, masamba a zomera adzakhalanso odzaza ndi tizirombozi.