Mtengo wa Ndalama - dzina lasayansi ndi komwe limamera

Chikhalidwe ichi chimadziwika kuti ndi chithumwa chotchuka kwambiri, chomwe chili ndi katundu wokopa chuma ndi chitukuko m'nyumba. Anthu ambiri okonda mbewu zapakhomo amatenga "chiweto" chotere chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba ofunda, ofanana ndi ndalama. Duwa ili ndi mayina ena awiri: Crassula kapena Crassula. Ilinso ndi machitidwe ochiritsa - masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza fungus ya msomali.

Dzina lasayansi mtengo mtengo

Ngati tizingolankhula za dzina lasayansi, ndiye kuti m'Chilatini zimamveka ngati Crassula, mbewuyo imayimira banja la Crassulaceae. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu 300-350 mitundu yomwe malo awo amakhala ku South Africa.

Mtengo wa ndalama, mawonekedwe

Komanso mbewu zina ndizofala ku Africa, Madagascar ndi Peninsula ya Arabia.

Chomera chimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda maluwa apanja. Mwakutero, zilibe kanthu kuti mumazitcha chiyani: Crassula kapena Crassula - zonsezi ndi chomera chimodzi. Zowonjezeranso chidwi kwa iwo omwe sanachite ndi duwa loterolo, koma akungofuna kuti zitheke.

Kufotokozera maluwa

Ndikofunikira kupitilira kuwonekera kwa mbewu yomwe. Crassula, apo ayi amatha kutchedwa msungwana wonenepa, ndizothandiza, i.e. chomera chomwe chimatha kukhalabe m'dera louma, ndikupanga madzi mu masamba. Mu masamba obiriwira a mtengo wamkati mulidi madzi ambiri.

Crassula kapena Crassula

Banja la Crassulaceae limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 350 yazomera zotere. Ena mwaiwo ali ndi kutalika kochepa kwambiri pafupifupi 5 cm, ena - amakula mpaka 3 metres. Pali oimilira komanso madzi oyimilira, onsewa amaphatikizidwa ndi masamba a makulidwe odabwitsa. Mawonekedwe awo zimatengera zosiyanasiyana, pali mbewu zokhala ndi masamba a masamba:

• chozungulira;
• silinda;
• rhombus;
• mawonekedwe apansi.

Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wa ndalama, womwe umapezeka kunyumba kapena muofesi, umawoneka ngati mtengo wokhala ndi tsinde. Duwa lokalambali, limakulitsa thunthu lake.

Ma plates a masamba samasangalatsa osati mawonekedwe awo osiyanasiyana, komanso mitundu: kuchokera pa mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera mpaka siliva kapena wowoneka.

Momwe mtengo wamtengo umakulira zachilengedwe

Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mbewuyo imafika kutalika kwa mita 1-2, thunthu lake limakhala lalifupi masentimita 30. Masamba ndi ochepa kukula, ali ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse, mtundu wa mawayilesiwo ndi wonyezimira wamtundu, mwa mitundu ina pamatha kukhala ndi malire ofiira kuzungulira mtunda. Kwa mitundu yachilendo yamtengo wamaluwa, maluwa ndi osavomerezeka, koma ngati izi zimachitika mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono amawoneka, otengedwa mu inflorescence - maambulera. Komwe mtengo udabadwira mu Transvaal. Chomera chimatchulidwanso kuti ovate.

Mtengo wa ndalama zachilengedwe

Purslane Crassula ndi mtundu wina wa mbewu yomaliza. Thunthu lake ndi nthambi zake zimakwirira mizu ya mlengalenga. Poyamba, zimakhala zoyera pamtundu, pang'onopang'ono zimadetsedwa. Kutuwa kwa chomera chotere ndikosowa kwambiri, kumagwera munthu wamkulu. Maluwa ndi ochepa kukula, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi panicle inflorescence. Ziphuphu ndizoyera ndi zapinki.

Momwe mungakulire mtengo waukulu wa ndalama

Pazinthu zachilengedwe, pali mitundu yochepa chabe ya mbewu zomwe zimatha kukula kwakukulu. Ngati mwini wake wa maluwa akutulutsa maluwa akulu, Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mumvere malangizo awa:

1. Mtsikana wamafuta amafunikira dothi linalake. Njira yabwino ndi malo oyenera kupangira cacti. Ili ndi zida zonse zofunika pamtengo. Pamene "chiweto" chikukula, chifunikira kuti chiziwitsidwa. Ndondomeko amachitika aliyense 2-3 zaka.
2. Kutchera kwachilengedwe kumasankhidwa kukula kotero kuti ndioyenera mizu yambiri. Mukamasankha mphika, yang'anani kukula kwa kolona, ​​uyenera kuyenderana ndi mainchesi poto.
3. Njira yosindikizira ingathandize kuti mitengo yayikulu ikhale, chifukwa ngati simunayo, mbewuyo imakula chifukwa ndiyosavuta kuyipeza, izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosagwira.
4. Kudyetsa kumawonjezedwa pamwezi, ndikuwonjezera pansi. Zofunikira feteleza zimagulidwa m'misika yodziwika bwino.
   

   Mtengo wa ndalama zazikulu

5. Kupereka kuyatsa koyenera. Pezani chikhalidwe chachikulu sichingagwire ntchito ngati ilibe kuwala kokwanira. Apa ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mtengo wamandalama ndi wobadwira ku Africa, chifukwa amafunikira dzuwa.
6. Crassula imafunika kuthirira pang'ono. Amachitika momwe nthaka imawuma. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti masamba azikhala ofewa komanso otuwa. Popanda kuwongolera vutolo, mbewuyo imangofa.
7. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera maluwa tsiku lililonse, amakonda kwambiri chinyezi.

Mtengo wazinthu zingati umakhala

Mikhalidwe ya moyo imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ikukula. Ngati mtengo wa ndalama udapangidwa kuti ukhale ndi microclimate yoyenera, ndiye kuti imakula kwa zaka zopitilira ndipo ikhoza kuwonjezera kukula kwake. Pali oimira banja komanso azaka makumi asanu, funso ndikuti, kodi eni ake azikhala ndi chipiriro chokwanira kwa chisamaliro chotere?

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Crassulaceae ndi chowulungika; imaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri. Masamba amatalika 6 cm ndi 3 cm mulifupi. Palibe petiole, mbale payokha imangirizika pa tsinde.

Mitundu ya masamba imatha kukhala yobiriwira kapena yokhala ndi siliva, m'mphepete mwake imakongoletsedwa ndi malire ofiira. Maluwa amafuta opakika ndi pinki kapena yoyera. Ubwino waukulu wamtunduwu umawonedwa ngati wosasamalira.

Rossula wamtengo

Kutalika, mtengowu umatha kutalika mita 1.5. Zidutswa za pepala la Grey zimakonzedwanso ndi malire ofiira. Pafupifupi masentimita 9 m'litali ndi 4 m'lifupi.

Mtengo wa Crassula

Maluwa amakhala ndi mtundu woyera, pakapita nthawi amapeza mtundu wa pinki. Woimira mitengo amalimbikitsidwa pazenera lakumadzulo kapena lakumawa.

Fatty Schmidt

Masamba amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate okhala ndi malangizo owongoka. Gawo lam'mwambali la pepalali ndi zobiriwira zasiliva, zosinthazi ndi zofiira. Maluwa omwe ali pachitsamba nawonso ndi ofiira. Mtunduwu umakonda m'maiko aku Europe, monga mmera umabzalidwa pachaka chilichonse.

Crassula Schmidt pachimake

Crlaula Plaudiform

Mbewuyo ndi mwini masamba, masamba opapatiza okhala ndi cholozera, ofanana ndi masikelo. Mitundu ya maluwa ake ndi achikasu, koma amayamikira chikhalidwe cha nthambi zoyambirira zomwe zimapachika mumphika zikamakula.

Mitundu yoyandama

Mkazi wamafuta amakula mpaka kutalika masentimita 25. Ena okonda maluwa amkati amabzala mu chidebe chimodzi ndi othandizira ena, kuti apange nyimbo zokongola kwambiri. Kusamalira izi ndizosavuta, chifukwa mmera umakhala wopanda tanthauzo. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo woposa zaka 10. Kuberekanso kumachitika monga masamba ndi kudula.

Rock Crassula

Chimayimira mbewu zokwawa zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa 0.5 m. Zimayambira ndizochepa thupi, komanso masamba ang'onoang'ono okongoletsedwa ndi malire ofiira.

Mwala

Mtundu, maluwa amatha kukhala opinki kapena achikaso.

Mafuta onenepa

Ndi shrub yokhala ndi masamba omwe ali pafupi ndi tsinde. Masamba ovoid okha amawonetsedwa pamwamba. Amakhala obiriwira mautoto, pali siliva ndi matumba amtundu wakuda. Chikhalidwe chamaluwa chikhala maluwa oyera.

Zonena Crassula

Purslane Crassula

Ili ndi masamba obiriwira owala bwino ngati mawonekedwe a ellipse okhala ndi makulidwe pakati komanso gawo laling'ono kuchokera kumapeto. Mphukira zikayamba kukula, zimayamba kukula. Kutalika, chomera chotere chimatha kufika 2 metres.

Portulakova

Fatty Cooper

Makamaka chidwi ndi mphukira za mbewu. Kwa m'munsi, kukula kwa malo ofukula kumakhala kofanana, kumtunda, kutsikira. Pamene iwo (akuwombera) amakula, mphamvu zake zimakankhira pansi. Masamba a duwa ndi otambalala, ndi madontho ofiira, omwe amapereka chikhalidwecho mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri.

Fatty Cooper

Kumusamalira ndikosavuta monga kusamalira banja lonselo.

Chisamaliro

Kubzala zikhalidwe zapakhomo osavomerezeka. Ngati kuli nyengo yabwino, mutha kumuchotsera potoyo kuti muyeretse mpweya wabwino. Ndondomekozi zimakhudza bwino mbewuzo.

Ngakhale kuti kudziko la Crassula, momwe moyo umakhalira wovuta, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti mukule bwino duwa m'nyumba. Kusamalira mtengo wanyumba:

• Mtsikanayo wonenepa amakonda kuwala, koma chomeracho sichimakonda dzuwa. Kuti duwa liziwala ndi kuyatsa kosokonekera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mtengo pamalo kapena padenga pansi pazenera. M'chilimwe, muyenera kuganizira magalasi owaza (makamaka mawindo akumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo). Mbali yakumpoto, mbewuyo imayikidwa mwachindunji pazenera;
• Mpweya wouma silivuto chifukwa cha omwe amathandizira, chifukwa cha kusintha kwazomwe zimachitika mu chidziwitso cha chinyezi, matenda osiyanasiyana amatha. Zomera ndizovuta kuzolowera kusintha kosinthika;
• Crassula wamkulu imakhudzana ndikusintha, chifukwa chake ngati palibe chosonyeza, chomera ndichabwino chokha;
• Kuthirira mopitilira kumayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu, yomwe imamaliza maluwa. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, chikhalidwe chimathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito zofewa, kukhazikika, kutentha kwa chipinda;
• Kuvala kwapafupipafupi pafupipafupi kuyeneranso kutayidwa. Ndikokwanira kuti chomera kuti chitha kukhala chonde kamodzi pamwezi uliwonse;
• Contraindication - kukonzekera, amapangitsa matendawa. Ngati nthawi yozizira ndiyofunikira kupatsirana chipindacho, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti duwa lichotsedwe mchipindacho kapena chophimbidwa. Kukhala nthawi yayitali m'moya ozizira kumapangitsa kuti masamba ayambe kuwonongeka pachikhalidwe.

Kutentha kwazinthu

Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, zizindikiritso zoyenera za Crassula ndi + 20-25 ° C. Ndi isanayambike nyengo yabwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kutulutsa duwa mumsewu kapena khonde, monga Mtengowo umakhala wopanda bwino chifukwa chosowa mpweya wabwino.

Mealybug

M'nyengo yozizira, mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ndi + 15 ° C ndi kutsika, koma osachepera + 4 ° C. Ngati mungakonzekere kugwirizira nyengo yozizira mtengo pandalama kutentha, mutha kukumana ndi nthawi zosasangalatsa monga kufota ndi masamba. Kuyika mphika pafupi ndi batire yotenthetsera sikulimbikitsidwa.

Kunyalanyaza kwa mayi wonenepa kumapangitsa mtengo wamalonda kukhala wokondedwa ndi ambiri wamaluwa. Kutengera malingaliro onse a chisamaliro, chomera chiwoneke bwino, chikusangalatsa mwiniyo kwa zaka makumi ambiri, ndipo safunikira chithandizo.