Malo atagulidwa kale, ndipo nyumbayo sinamangidwebe, eni ake mtsogolo amangofunika chipinda chothandizira. Makabati a do-we-nokha amagulidwa kapena kumangidwa ngati nyumba yochepa kapenanso ngati njira yosankhira nyumba yanyumba. Pambuyo pake, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira zida zam'munda, barbeque ndi mipando kuchokera ku gazebo. Apa mutha kuyika zovala ndi nsapato zogwirira ntchito kumunda kapena ngakhale njinga, zoseweretsa ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zachilengedwe. Kutengera ndi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makabati, imatha kukhala bafa, shawa, bafa kapena chipinda chothandizira.
Zojambulajambula zamitundu yosintha yomalizidwa
Kwa nyumba zanyumba za chilimwe nthawi zambiri zimapereka zosankha zotsatirazi pomanga nyumba zosintha.
Ukadaulo womanga Shield
Mtundu wamtunduwu amaonedwa kuti ndi wotsika mtengo kwambiri. Koma ngakhale mtengo wotsika nyumbayi umayikiridwa ndi kusunthika kwazinthu zomwe zimachokera kuchishango. Nthawi zambiri, maziko amtunduwu amapangidwa ndi matabwa, khungu lakunja limapangidwa. Udindo wazokongoletsera zamkati umaseweredwa ndi MDF kapena tinthu tating'ono. Ubweya wagalasi kapena polystyrene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutulutsa. Pansanja yoyipa, matabwa osagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pazabwino - zotsika mtengo. Pamadenga amodzi kapena gable, nyumba nthawi zambiri zimasankha padenga lazitsulo laling'ono. Kapangidwe kameneka nthawi zambiri kamaipitsidwa chifukwa chosakhalako ndi owuma, cholembera chimatha kukhazikika, chomwe chimayambitsa kuzizira kwa nyumbayo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba yosintha ngati imeneyi nyengo yotentha ya chaka chimodzi.
Nyumba yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndiyowoneka bwino, ndichisoni kuti imasunga kwakanthawi kochepa: chifukwa chosowa owuma, ikhoza kupunduka
Zomanga chimango
Zomangira izi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa switchboards pamtundu, koma zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi nyumba yosintha yokhala ndi mawindo ochepera komanso kusapezeka kwa magawo. Matalala, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kameneka, ali ndi kukula pafupifupi 10x10 cm, kotero kuti kuwonongeka sikumamuwopa. Lining amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikizira mkati. Plywood ndi fiberboard, chifukwa cha hygroscopicity, siyabwino kwambiri. Kupezeka kwa chotchinga cha nthunzi (mwachitsanzo, glassine) ndi ubweya wa mchere monga kutulutsa kumapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale youma. Kutsatira bar ngati chivundikiro kumapangitsa nyumbayo kukhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja. Pansi ndi denga zili pawiri. Chowonongera ndikuti danga lamkati mwa nyumba yosintha chimango likhala lochepera kuposa pa switchboard.
Nyumba yosinthiramo chimango ndi yolimba kuposa switchboard, chifukwa pomanga matabwa olimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chotchingira utsi ndi ubweya wa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito umapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale youma
Matabwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa
Mwa zina zomwe zimaperekedwa mumsika nyumba zosinthazi zimasiyana pamtengo wokwera. Ngati nyumba yosinthiridwayo ikadakhalabe mdzikolo ndikukhala bafa, ndiye kuti zopangidwa kuchokera ku mitengo kapena matabwa ndizabwino. Ndikofunika nthawi yomweyo kutenga bafa ndi magawo onse ofunikira, ndikugula zofunikira (chotenthetsera madzi, chitofu, ndi zina) pambuyo pake. Pomanga nyumba yamatabwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti gawo lamatabwa ndi osachepera 100x150 mm (m'mimba mwake ndi chipika mulinso mulingo womwewo). Ntchito yomanga iyenera kuyikiratu. Ngati chida cholumikizira zitseko ndi magawo, cholumikizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma ngati mupanga chipika, mutha kuchita.
Kabati wopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena mitengo ndi yodula kwambiri kuposa ina, koma ndi yotentha, yodalirika komanso yolimba, ngakhale zili zomveka kumanga dongosolo loterolo pokhapokha padziwika kuti lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mtsogolo.
Sinthani chidebe chanyumba
Padera ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, chidebe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - nyumba yosinthika ndi chimango cha chitsulo, makoma omwe amapangidwa ndi mapanelo amchenga. Ntchito yomanga yolimba, yolimba komanso yofewayi ndiyovuta kwambiri kuyiphatikiza ndi malowo.
Njira ina yogulira nyumba yosinthira ndikugula nyumba yomwe munagwiritsa kale ntchito. Musanaganize za izi, yang'anirani mawonekedwe ake: kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe. Dziwani za mitengo yamakono yamakabati atsopano amtundu womwewo, mitengo yobwereka kakhwangwala konyamulira katundu. Kupatula apo, ndalama zoyendera ziyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa ku mtengo wanyumbayo payokha. Onaninso mwayi wofikira komwe kuli malowo, muwone ngati pali zoletsa kulowa kolowera kumidzi. Ndipo lingalirani ngati ndikosavuta kupanga nyumba yosinthira ndi manja anu.
Chidebe cha nyumba yosinthira chili ndi zabwino zambiri. Ndikofunika kuti mugule nyumbayo kuti muzikhala momwemo pomanga nyumba yayikuluyo, kenako ndikuigulitsa. Kapangidwe kameneka sikingafanane ndi kapangidwe kanyumba konse, komwe chilichonse chimapangidwa ndi mtengo
Kupanga pawokha kwa nyumba yosinthira
Ngakhale kuti ntchito yomangamanga ili yosavuta, ntchito yojambula nyumba yosinthirabe idafunikabe. Zithandiza "kulondola" nyumba yosinthiratu kukhala malo omwe adalipo kale, ndikuwongolera omangayo pansi. Malingaliro sakhala osafunikira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati kanyumba kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito mtsogolo ngati nyumba yosambiramo kapena alendo. Chojambulachi chidzapereka mwayi wopenyerera momwe mungapangire nyumba yosinthira ndi manja anu: zidzathandizira kuwerengera moyenera pakufunika kwa zinthu ndi zida.
Kusankha malo abwino kwambiri
Malo osinthira tsambalo amatsimikizika malinga ndi momwe mwiniwake adzayitayire pambuyo pake. Ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti masamba oyambawo akhalebe pamalopo kapena azigulitsa akangofunika kuti adutse. Ngati eni malowa safuna chida chokhetsera, bafa kapena nyumba ya alendo, ndiye kuti nyumba yosinthirayo imatha kutumizidwa ku chinthu china kapena kungogulitsa. Kenako mapangidwe ake ayenera kupezeka kuti athe kukhala kosavuta kuti akokoke ndi kakhwawa kuchokera munsewu.
Kupanda kutero, zidzakhala zofunikira kupatula nyumbayo, yomwe nthawi zonse siyabwino. Ngati nyumba yosinthirayo izigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lazachuma, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyiyika pakati mbali yayitali ya tsambalo. Kutembenuzidwa kukhala bafa, nyumba yosinthirayo iyenera kukhala kumapeto kwenikweni kwa malowo, popeza miyezo yachitetezo chamoto iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pokhudzana ndi nyumbayo.
Kumanga maziko
Dzipangireni nokha kupanga nyumba yosinthira kumayamba ndi maziko. Nyumba yosinthirayo siziwona ngati nyumba yolemera, nthawi zambiri maziko ake amayala. Makabati adzagwetsedwa mtsogolomo, sizivuta kupatula maziko ngati amenewo. Pomanga kwakanthawi, ndibwino kuti musankhe mabatani a cinder - ndi otsika mtengo, ndipo chifukwa chake ndiosavuta kupanga nokha.
Chifukwa chake, choyambirira, kuchokera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi pamalo oyika ma cinder, muyenera kuchotsa dothi lachonde, phatikizani dziko lapansi mosamala ndikuphimba ndi geotextiles, ndikudzaza ndi mchenga ndikuwumbaninso. Tikhazikitsa mabatani a cinder pamakonzedwe, kuwaika m'makona ndi mita 1.5 iliyonse. Zingwe zokulungirako ziyenera kutentheredwa ndi madzi kapena zotchingira madenga, kenako zitsulo za nyumbayo zikhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito nangula.
Maziko akumangidwe osakhalitsa sapangika mosavuta kuposa ndalama zazikuluzikulu: atha kusungunuka mosavuta ngati kabati
Pokonzekera kusintha nyumba yokhazikika, mbuyeyo ayenera kulabadira kwambiri maziko ake. Pankhaniyi, wosanjikiza wachonde amachotsedwa padziko lonse lapansi, ma geotextiles ndi 5 cm mchenga amaikidwa, omwe amapangidwa mosamala. Pansi pa nsanamira za maziko, muyenera kukumba mabowo akuya masentimita 50 m'makona ndi 1.5m iliyonse kuzungulira. Komabe, mitengo imatha kuyikidwa pafupipafupi. Timaponya maenjewo ndi ma geotextiles ndikuwadzaza ndi masentimita 40 a mchenga wonyamula bwino.
Maziko amapangidwa bwino kwambiri ndi njerwa, ndipo ayenera kutalika masentimita 30 (10cm mpaka padziko lapansi ndi 20 - pamwambapa). Makina osachepera mita imodzi adzayendetsedwa mkati mwa maziko. Pamafunika kukonza. Chifukwa chake, timasiya malo opanda kanthu pakati, omwe, atayika ndodo, amathira konkriti. Musaiwale za kuthana kwamadzimadzi ndi mizati yokhala ndi mastic yowumitsa kapena yofolerera. Mulingo wotsogolera mzere umodzi.
Timapanga chimango cha malo ndi padenga
Funso loti timange maziko silikukhalanso, timapitiriza zomanga zokha. Timapanga maziko a zomangamanga: timayika mitengo yozungulira mozungulira ndikuyikonza mosamala. Pambuyo pake timagona modutsa ndipo, pamapeto pake, mitengo yazitali. Timagwiritsa ntchito matabwa a 150x100 mm pa chimango cha nyumba yosinthira, kuchokera pomwe timayala pansi ndi zolemba zothandizira m'makona. Kuphatikiza kwodalirika kumaperekedwa ndikudula kwa mitengo, komwe mabatani amathandizidwa ndikupanga chimodzi ndikudziikika ndi zomata zodzigwetsera nokha. Ndalama zolumikizidwa ndizolimbitsa mizere. Kukhazikitsa wokhazikika ndikuwamatira.
Mapangidwe ake ayenera kukhala omangidwa mosamala momwe angathere, chifukwa mtundu wa mawonekedwewo wonse komanso kulimba kwake kumadalira
Chingwe cha malowa ndi okonzeka, tsopano mutha kupanga chimango. Pa denga lokhazikika limodzi, mipiringidzo ya 50x100mm ndiyofunikira. Zikwangwani ziziikidwa muzitsulo zamagetsi. Kukonzekera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zodzigwetsa tokha. Pambuyo pa gawo la nyumba yosinthika yokha, mipiringidzo iyenera kupita 30cm. Timasankha ondulin ngati zokutira, chifukwa sizifunikira luso lapadera lomanga. Kapangidwe ka padenga kameneka kumakhala ndi hydro- ndi zotchingira utsi ndi kutchinjiriza.
Pamakonde amaikapo makhoma kapena matabwa, chifukwa ondulin ndi zinthu zopepuka. Timakhazikitsa mapepala a ondulin okhala ndi zokutira kuchokera pansi kupita pansi pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zapadera zomwe zimaphatikizidwa. Tsopano mutha kukhazikitsa zitseko ndi windows.
Kutsiriza ntchito
Maziko a nyumba yosinthika adapangidwa kale ndipo funso loyipa loti mungasinthe bwanji nyumba yanuyo silinali loopsa. Komabe, ntchitoyi sinamalizidwebe. Tizungulira mzere wokhazikika, osayiwala kuchitira mabatani ndi antiseptic. Pakati pazigawo ziwiri za kuthana ndi madzi timayika zosanjikiza za ubweya wa mchere. Ndikofunika kuti musasokoneze komwe kutsalira kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala. Tsopano tikugona pansi komaliza.
Nyumba yodabwitsa ngati iyi ingathe kumangidwa ndi manja anu mu sabata limodzi, ngati mukufunadi ndikuyesera molimbika.
Pakutseka mkati mwa nyumbayi, timagwiritsa ntchito OSB, ngati kapangidwe kake kanthawi kochepa kapena kakang'ono, ngati kamakhalabe pamalopo kwa nthawi yayitali. Pofuna kukonza zonsezo ndi zina, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira nokha, mmalo mwa misomali. Musaiwale za chotchinga ndi nthunzi chautsi. Kunja timasintha kanyumba, mwachitsanzo, ndi nyumba yotseka. Zimakhalabe khonde labwino komanso kumanga nyumba yotentha kumatha kutha kutha.
