Kodi mumadziwa zambiri zokhudza chisamaliro cha adyozi, matenda ake ndi zakudya?

Mwinamwake dacha iliyonse yomwe inkayesedwa ikuyesera kuti ikhale yapamwamba m'nyengo yozizira adyo, koma si onse omwe amatha. Ngati, ngakhale, kupeza njira yoyenera, ndiye sikudzakhala kovuta kukula lalikulu, wamphamvu ndi zokometsera adyo.

Choncho, tiyenera kuyang'ana njirayi ndikuphunzira momwe tingakulitsire chikhalidwe ichi chothandiza ndi njira zabwino zaulimi. M'nkhaniyi mudzaphunzira zonse zomwe mukufunikira zokhudza chikhalidwe chino: nthawi ndi nthawi yoyenera kubzala, momwe mungasamalire bwino. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana kanema yothandiza pa mutu uwu.

Ndi chiyani?

Zima adyo - mtundu wanji wa adyo? Amabzala m'dzinja, pafupi ndi nyengo yozizira, zokolola zili kale kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Popeza adyo amapezeka m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira, amatchedwa yozizira adyo. Okula bwino nyengo yozizira adyo imakula yaikulu ndi "mamba" wandiweyani., mosiyana ndi nsupe yofewa ndi yoonda ya kasupe wa kasupe, yomwe imabzalidwa m'chaka.

Mu babu ya dzinja adyo, cloves ndi aakulu, ngakhale pali zambiri, koma nthawi zambiri pamutu pali nambala, clove ya kasupe adyo ndi yaing'ono ndi osagwirizana. Komanso, chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo yachisanu cha adzi kuchokera ku kasupe ndi nthenga zokhala ndi nthenga ndi mivi yomwe imapatsa adyo kubzala, kupatulapo nyengo ya masika yosiyanasiyana "Gulliver", yomwe ingaponyenso mivi.

Ndikofunikira: Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti n'zotheka kukula adyo pamalo amodzi osapitirira zaka zitatu mzere.

Mzere

Pakali pano pali mitundu yambiri ya adyo, koma mwa iwo ndi abwino kwambiri:

• "Garkua" - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yofiira kapena yofiirira; chosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya chisanu cha adzi ndi timing'oma tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mutu wambiri. Kukolola kwa adyolo kungaperekedwe podzala tchire pakati pa mizera, chomerachi chidzadzaza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni.
• "Garpek" - Garlic yochokera ku Spain imasiyana ndi mitundu ina ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu. Chiwerengero cha mano mkati mwa babu ndizochepa ndipo zimakhala zowutsa. Thupi la cloves silimasiyana kapena ndi zamkati, kapena kulimba kwakukulu, kapena ndi fungo lamphamvu.
• "Komsomolets" - Mtundu wapadera wa adyo, yomwe ingakhale yotentha komanso yozizira, malingana ndi nthawi yobzala. Thupi la adyo ndi lopweteka ndipo limakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Bili lokha liri ndi kukula kwakukulu. Maganizowo sawopa kutentha kapena kutentha.
• "Alkor" - ku Russia, mbewu "Alkor" imabweretsa zoposa mitundu yonse. Thupi silikhala lakuthwa kwenikweni ndi fungo lamphamvu. Mababu ndi aakulu kwambiri, clove ndi ochepa. Simungakhoze kubzala adyo mitu pafupi ndi mitengo ndi tchire.
• "Mtsogoleri" - mutu wa adyo wa kalasiyi ndi mthunzi wa pinki. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yopanda chisanu ndi yakucha yakucha, koma imakonda kuwala kwakukulu mukakula.
• "Pita" - chisanu chosagwira ndi oyambirira kucha. Chidziŵitso cha adyo otere ndi chakuti sichiponya mivi. Manowa ndi obiriwira ndipo amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu.

Phunzirani za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya kasupe adyo, komanso kuona zotsatira za kukula ndi kusamalira masamba awa pano.

Khwerero ndi Gawo Kukula Malangizo

1. M'pofunika kuyamba kubzala adyo 2-3 milungu isanayambe chisanu, kawirikawiri pozungulira mwezi wa October - kumayambiriro kwa November (malingana ndi nyengo), chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti thaw sayenera kuchitika mutabzala, mwinamwake imadzaza ndi kumera kwa mizu ndi nthenga za adyo isanafike nyengo yozizira, ndipo kotero zokolola zoipa.
2. Kukula kwakukulu kumadalira derali, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira m'derali, ndikofunika kwambiri kukumba mubzala, ndipo chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira chimakhudza kwambiri. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi pafupifupi 5-10 masentimita. Mtunda pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala 20-25 masentimita.
3. Kusankha malo otsegula malo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Gawolo liyenera kuyatsa bwino, nthaka isakhale yopanda ndale, malo okwera malo ayenera kukhala pamalo okwera ndipo sangakhale ndi mwayi wodzaza madzi. Mukamabzala, m'pofunika kuwonjezera pang'ono humus ndi phulusa; sikutheka kuwonjezera manyowa pobzala mbewuyi.
4. Pambuyo pa ntchito yokonzekera, kusankha ndiko kudzala clove yaikulu kuti ukhale ndi mutu wonse wa adyo mu chilimwe, kapena kubzala mababu (omwe amatchedwa mabokosi a mbewu ya adyo, amakula pa mivi), koma pakadali pano kulima kwa anyezi wamkuluwo kumatambasula mpaka 2 Kapena ngakhale nyengo zitatu.

   Zimadalira kukula ndi kukula kwa babu. Kawirikawiri, alimi ochita masewera amasankha njira yowonjezera, yomwe ndi yofunika kusunga makhalidwe a ena osiyanasiyana, kapena ena amasankha njirayi ngati kuyesera.

5. Kubzala m'nthaka ndikofunika kusankha mano akuluakulu, popeza mutakula mutu wochuluka, ngati mutasiya zitsanzo zazikulu za chakudya, ndi kusiya zochepa kuti mubzalidwe, pang'onopang'ono mbeu yanu idzaphwanyidwa.

Kukula kwa adyo:

• Kuthirira yozizira adyo sikufuna, chifukwa imakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira kuchokera ku mphepo, pokhapokha nyengo yowuma kwambiri.
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mutulutse nthaka ndi masentimita 4-5, kapena udzu ndi khasu kuti mutulutse nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole.
• Komanso, muyenera kupanga mulching. Choyamba muyenera kuwaza ndi udzu, ndiyeno ndikuwaza masambawo, ndikuwaza pamwamba pazitsamba zazing'ono. Sitiyenera kudandaula ndi adyo, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka, chomeracho chidzasunthira mosavuta kupita ku kuwala pambuyo poti pansi pa mulch.
• Chovala choyamba cha adyo chiyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka. Kodi mungadyetse bwanji nthawi ino? Oyenera ammonium nitrate njira kapena mlungu uliwonse kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuku manyowa. Yachiwiri kudya ndi yofunikira pakati pa May. Spring kuvala kumachitika ndi chisakanizo cha potaziyamu mchere, superphosphate ndi ammonium nitrate. Kwa nthawi yachitatu, adyo ayenera kudyetsedwa kumapeto kwa June ndi kuchotsa mullein.

Tikukupemphani kuti tiwone vidiyo yokhudza kubzala ndi malamulo kuti ikule nyengo yachisanu:

Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu

Garlic yokolola yakucha kumapeto kwa June - oyambirira August. Tsiku lenileni limatsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi yomwe maonekedwe a adyo amaonekera, chosonkhanitsa chiyenera kuchitika pafupifupi masiku 100 atatha. Kuwonjezera apo, kusasitsa kwathunthu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Masamba ayamba kuchepa ndi kutembenukira chikasu.
• Mlingo pa mutu wa adyo umakhala wouma ndi woonda.
• Pali kuchepetsa kwa khosi.

Ndizowona kuti mungapeze mababu angapo ndikuyang'ana kusasitsa. Pamene mababu akucha, muyenera kukumba zonsezo, kenako patukani nthenga ndi zimayambira, ndipo ikani adyo mitu kuti yume. Kenaka, muyenera kukonzekera adyo yosungirako, ikuchitidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

1. Mu thumba la nsalu, owazidwa ndi mchere, anyezi peel kapena ufa.
2. Onjezerani mafuta a adyo cloves kapena parafini mutu wonse.
3. Kuwongolera m'mapadera a nkhumba (chifukwa cha njira iyi, zimayambira ndi masamba siziyenera kudulidwa).
4. M'bokosi, mafinya kapena pantyhose.

Pofuna kusungirako, muyenera kusankha yekha apamwamba kwambiri adyo, popanda kusokoneza makina ndi kuvunda.. Dothi losungunuka liyenera kuumitsidwa kwa mwezi umodzi, kenako kutsukidwa kuchokera kumtunda wotsika kwambiri, kudula tsinde pamtunda wa masentimita asanu kapena kuposerapo, ndibwino kuti tinyamule kapena kutentha mizu pamwamba pa gasi.

Bungwe: Kenaka, zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi mafuta a masamba ophika kwa maola awiri ndi kuwonjezera madontho angapo a ayodini, kenaka zouma mitu yonse ndikuziika pakhomo kapena mufiriji.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuyang'ana kanema za kukolola nyengo yachisanu ndi yosungirako:

Mavuto angakhalepo

Kukula kwa nyengo yachisanu adyo sikumayambitsa mavuto ngakhale kwa oyimilira wamaluwaZochitika zambiri zimachitika panthawi yosungirako mbeu. Mavuto akuluakulu ndi kukula ndi malo osabzalidwa, ndipo pambuyo pake zokolola zochepetsetsa, kapena kupezeka kwathunthu, matenda ndi tizirombo.

Kusunga mavuto omwewo kumabweretsa monga kuvunda, kulandira matenda, ndi zina zotero. Mavuto onsewa amathetsedwa mosavuta, chinthu chachikulu ndikumvetsera mwatcheru ndikutsatira malamulo ndi malangizo omwe ali m'nkhaniyi.

Matenda

Pali matenda ambiri a adyo, koma mosamala, ndizosatheka kugwira adyo. Matenda otheka a zomera izi:

• Khola zowola adyo ndi matenda amene nthawi zambiri amakhudza mbewu nthawi yobwera kapena yosungirako, zimachokera kumapeto kwa chaka chatha. Amayamba kuoneka m'munsi mwa masamba omwe ali ndi mawanga oyera ndi malire obiriwira, kenako amayala m'mimba mwa mano ndikugunda mutu wonse. Pewani kuthekera ndi kukonza bwino, kayendedwe ndi kusungirako. Komanso, muyenera kuchotsa mwamsanga zotsalira za zokolola zakale.
• Kutupa - Matenda owopsa komanso owopsa kwa adyo. Amayamba kuoneka pamasamba ndi ma chikasu, pang'onopang'ono akufutukuka, kenako amaletsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mbeu yonse. Pofuna kupeŵa kufesa zipangizo zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi masitini, ndipo nthaka imachizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera.
• Fusarium - Matenda omwe amapezeka m'madera otentha. Kuwonetsedwa mwa kuyanika mwamsanga kwa masamba, ndiye zimayambira ndi mikwingwirima yofiira, ndipo mutuwo umayamba kuonongeka ndipo chomera chimamwalira ndi kuvunda. N'zotheka kupewa ndi chithandizo cha fungicides, komanso kusankha bwino mbeu, dothi ndi madzi kuti azithirira.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuyang'ana kanema za matenda a adyo yozizira komanso momwe angamenyane ndi iwo:

Tizilombo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayesedwa, sizowoneka, tizirombo timaphatikizapo:

• Muzu nkhuni
• Garlic anayi ali ndi mite.
• Anyezi auluka.

Kutsiliza

Kukula kozizira adyo si ntchito yovuta kwambiri.Komabe, muyeso yoyamba aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ena. Pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo athu, mukhoza kudutsa mosavuta mbali iliyonse yavuto ndikukula bwino adyo, kuti muzisamalira bwino m'chaka. Zimakhalabe ndikukhumba inu mwayi wamalonda ndi ntchito yokolola!