Mitundu ya nkhuku ndi mazira akulu kwambiri

Nkhuku ndi mtundu wochuluka kwambiri wa nkhuku. Kawirikawiri amatsegulidwa m'minda yachinsinsi kuti atenge mazira. Choncho, mitundu ndi nkhuku za nkhuku za kayendedwe ka dzira ndi kupanga dzira lalikulu ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa dzira zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kuchokera kwa olemera aakulu komanso kuchokera ku minda yaing'ono. Tiyeni tidziŵe makhalidwe awo ndi zizindikiro zopindulitsa.

Odwala

Zatsimikiziridwa pa zaka zomwe zinabereka kuchokera ku Italy, zomwe zinalimbikitsa Amereka. Otopa amadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa kwawo komanso kuphweka kwake, ndipo amalephera kuzizira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mtundu uwu, koma kawirikawiri, leggorn ndi yoyera. Amayamba kuthamanga kwambiri - kuyambira miyezi inayi kapena isanu. Mazira a mandimu ali ndi chipolopolo choyera. Makhalidwe osungirako makina sagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, ndipo nkhuku zimachotsedwa mu chotsitsa. Nkhuku ziri ndi kupambana kwabwino kwa 95%. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chaka choyamba, ndipo zotsatira zake zimachepa. Ndipo pachiyambi, mwezi woyamba, mazira awo si aakulu kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono amakhala aakulu. Patapita zaka ziwiri, zigawo zimatumizidwa kukaphedwa. Nyama yawo ndi yolimba komanso yoyenera kudya ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali (mwachitsanzo, aspic). Amuna amadya pafupifupi 2.5-3 makilogalamu. Kawirikawiri 10-15 akazi amabereka tambala. Mukhoza kusunga mbalameyi mosiyana, koma kuyenda kudzawathandiza ndipo kumapindulitsa pazinthu zopindulitsa. Mu maonekedwe akunja, amadyetsanso msipu. Mbalamezi zogwira ntchito zimayenera kudula mapiko awo kapena kupanga corral.

Makhalidwe abwino a nkhuku zoyera zowonjezedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.

Koposa zonse, alimi a nkhuku amakopeka ndi zofunikira zochepa zodyera, kuphatikizapo kuthetsa mazira ambiri, kuthetsa nkhuku pawokha. Mtundu uwu umakondanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popeza nyemba zatsopano ndi kuswana mitundu ina.

Nkhuku za nkhonozi zimagwira nawo ntchito yobereketsa mitundu yambiri yamtundu ndi mitanda, monga mtanda, borkivka, iz-brown.

Chikwama chachilendo

Mmodzi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya leggorn, ndi kukula kwake kochepa komanso kupanga dzira zabwino. Lili ndi mayina ena - B-33, White mini. Zili ndi makhalidwe onse a leggorn: kudzichepetsa, kuthekera kuzizira, kusakanikirana koipa, kupanga mazira, ndi zina zotero, koma samasowa gawo lalikulu kuti ayende. Mtundu umenewu umadya chakudya chochepa, koma umakhala wovuta kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Kudyetsa nkhuku kuyenera kukhala koyenerera, mwinamwake tsiku lakhumi la moyo iwo akhoza kukhala ndi zala zochepetsedwa, zomwe posachedwa zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa miyendo ndi kuyenda. Izi kawirikawiri zimachokera ku mapuloteni owonjezera mu chakudya. Zakudya zopanda malire (ngati pali mapuloteni ambiri kapena osakwanira) zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kutha kunyamula mazira.

Amuna amtundu uwu salemera osachepera 1,7 makilogalamu, amasonyeza ntchito yaikulu kwa akazi. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mazira ambiri - 95-98%.

Makhalidwe enieni a amayi achimwene achilendo

Olamulira

Mitanda iyi ya nkhuku zokolola ku Czech ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene, chifukwa sizigawo zokha zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi dzira lalikulu, komanso zimakhala ndi moyo wopambana muzovuta. Chofunika kwambiri chikuphatikizapo maonekedwe abwino ndi mazira okwera, kukana matenda ndi kudzichepetsa. Mbalamezi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafunde awo zimatha kulekerera kuzizira. Iwo akhoza kusungidwa mu zikhalidwe zosiyana, koma koposa zonse - ndi kuyenda. Mayiko ena a ku Ulaya amakulira m'miyoyo ya ulimi wa nkhuku. Iwo sakufuna kudyetsa, iwo amalandira okha chakudya chawo poyenda. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti dzina la nkhuku "Lalikulu" limaphatikizapo zoposa mtanda umodzi kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nthenga, mlomo, mawonekedwe ndi zina, makamaka maonekedwe akunja. Mtundu wa nthenga ungakhale wofiira (mtanda D-107). Mazira akuluakulu ndi ofiirira kwambiri (D-100), ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yabwino yosakanikirana ndi DNA (D-104) amatha kukhala ndi mazira 320 pachaka, ndipo anthu ake amakula mofulumira, monga nkhuku zoyendetsera dzira. Mphongo wamtanda uwu amalemera 2.7-3.2 makilogalamu. Mazira a misala imeneyi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maunyolo, koma pali misala yomwe imanyamula mazira oyera. Kukolola kwakukulu mu nkhukuzi kumatenga zaka zitatu, ndipo kenako kumayamba kuchepa chaka chilichonse. Kuponderezana kumayamba kuchokera pa miyezi isanu.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a akazi akuluakulu

Mukamadya mazira musataye zipolopolo za dzira: zikhonza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chowonjezera kapena feteleza m'munda.

Loman Browns

Nkhuku yowonongeka ikuimira nyama ndi mazira oyendetsa. Amatha kukhala wamkulu mu famu yamkuku komanso m'midzi yaing'ono. Nkhuku zowononga mofulumira ndi zakudya zochepa zomwe zimadya, zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu uwu kukongola kwa malonda.

Mtanda unadulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya Plymouth ndi Rhode Island. Cross broken brown inalembedwa mu 1970 ku Germany ndipo inadzitcha dzina lake chifukwa cha dzina la kampaniyo "Lohmann Tierzuht", yomwe idatulutsidwa. Mbalamezi zafalitsidwa kwambiri kudera la continent chifukwa cha zokolola zawo. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi kochepa kuposa nkhuku - pafupifupi 3 kg. Nkhuku zimakhala ndi bata komanso zimachita bwino ndi mitundu ina.

Loman Brown ali ndi kupuma kofulumira. Pa miyezi 5-6, nkhuku zimafika pa msinkhu wa kugonana ndipo zimatha kunyamula mazira. Nthawi ya kupanga dzira yabwino imatenga zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu. Nthawi ya mazira ochulukitsa amatha pafupifupi masabata makumi asanu ndi atatu (80), ndibwino kuti nkhuku zikhale ndi nyama ndikusintha mitu.

Onaninso za nkhuku zapakati pa dziko lapansi.

Nkhuku za dziko lino lakutali zimasamalidwa mosamala ndi kulekerera ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo mwamsanga zimasinthira nyengo iliyonse ya nyengo. Koma pali chikhalidwe chofunikira pa kukonza kwawo - malo okwanira: ndi malo ochepa kuti akhale ndi moyo, amayamba kutaya zokolola. Pansi pa zikhalidwe zabwino ndikukula mokwanira kwa mtunduwu, mphamvu ya mtunduwo idzakhala 98-99%.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za nkhuku zowonongeka bulauni zikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zomwe DNA anayesera asayansi, nkhuku ndi achibale a tyrannosaurs. Nkhumba zazikuluzikuluzikulu (pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa matani 9,5) zizilombo zowonongeka zinamwalira zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe.

Kuchinsky zaka

Chikumbutso cha Kuchinskaya chaka chimatanthauza nyama ndi mazira. Mbalamezi zimakhala zosasamala komanso zimakhala zosasamala, zikhoza kusungidwa mosiyana. Nkhuku zimangokhalira kusintha mofanana ndi nyengo iliyonse, zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi zosawonongeka za majini, monga kuyenda mu mpweya wabwino. Iwo amadziwika ndi kukula mofulumira ndi kulemera - ndi miyezi 2.5 amadzilemera 1.5 makilogalamu. Mtundu uwu umasiyana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa dzira, komanso ndi nyama yabwino. Ali wamkulu, nkhuku zimakhala zolemera 2.7-3 makilogalamu, ndipo zimapanganso pang'ono - 3.4-4 makilogalamu. Nyama ya nkhuku ili ndi mapuloteni pafupifupi 25.3% ndipo ili ndi maonekedwe abwino. Kuika mazira kungaleke kupereka mazira nthawi ya molting.

Eggsll ndi yofiira kwambiri kuti ikhale yofiirira. Chabwino anayamba chibadwa nasizhivaniya. Kukula msinkhu kumafikira zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Matendawa ali ndi chiwerengero cha 95%, ndipo mwayi wa nkhuku zimachitika pafupifupi 77-87%. Kukhazikika kwa achinyamata kumafika 98.7%, ndipo akulu - pafupifupi 95%.

Mbalamezi ndi zokoma komanso zogwirizana. Kuonetsetsa kuti dzira lokhala ndi tizilombo 13-15 likhale bwino, tambala limodzi ndilokwanira. Muyezowu umaphatikizapo mitundu itatu ya mabala a mitundu:

• ndi double delineation;
• ndi kukhalapo kwa fringe;
• mawangamawanga.

Nkhuku zimakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, lomwe limakhala ndi mtundu wa nyama. Makhalidwe apamwamba a chisangalalo cha nkhuku za Kuchi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Pezani momwe dzira likulemera, nchifukwa ninji mumalandira mazira a yolk awiri, mazira obiriwira yolk, ndi magazi; chifukwa nkhuku zimawombera mazira, kunyamula yaying'ono mazira, musanyamule bwino.

Mapamwamba

Nkhuku za Haysex zimasiyana ndi zokolola zapamwamba ndi chisamaliro chodzichepetsa, chifukwa chomwe adapeza kutchuka pakati pa obereketsa ndipo adayamba kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi.

Poyamba, mwa kuswana kunachokera white white. Mtanda unali ndi kulemera kwakukulu ndi fecundity. Patapita kanthawi, obereketsa anawona njira ina - brown brown. Nkhukuzi zimadziwika ndi kukana matenda ambiri. Mwazigawo zake, Hisex White ndi ofanana ndi nkhuku zam'nyumba. Iwo ali ndi zomangamanga zabwino, mvula yoyera pamphepete mwa malo ena ali ndi brownish specks. Pamutu waung'ono pali chisa chofiira kwambiri. Hisex Brown amadziwika ndi kulemera kwake kwakukulu ndi kofiirira ndi golide wamtengo wapatali. Mawanga achizungu amapezeka pamapeto a nthenga. Mitsempha ya nkhuku Hayford mwangwiro wopangidwa ndikudziwika ndi ntchito yofunikira. Nkhukuzi zimakhala bwino komanso zimayenda bwino ndi nkhuku zina. Komanso, Hisex Brown ali ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri kuposa anthu ena oyera, ndipo amakhalanso opindulitsa kwambiri. Oimira a mtundu uwu ali achangu, ndipo akusowa malo abwino okhala.

Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe zili pa Highsex Brown ndi Highsex White.

Nkhuku zimakula kufika pa miyezi pafupifupi 5. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zizindikiro za dzira sizicheperachepera zaka zitatu. Choncho, kukonzedwa m'malo mwa mitu kumapangidwa mobwerezabwereza poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Mbalameyi imasungidwa chifukwa cha mazira ake apamwamba komanso ozolowereka. Nyama sizikhala ndi zokoma zabwino ndipo zimafuna chithandizo cha kutentha kwautali. Palibe chidziwitso cha kuthamanga, koma sikufunikanso mwina, chifukwa nsonga zapamwamba ndi mitanda.

Ndikofunikira! Pakabereka nkhuku Zambiri, dziwani kuti chipolopolo cha mazira awo ndi champhamvu, ndipo nkhuku sizikhoza kuphulika nthawi zonse. Choncho, nkofunika kuti musaphonye mphindi ino ndikuthandizani kuti muphwanyidwe.

Kukhazikika kwa mbeuyi ndiposa 95%.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a nkhuku za hefe zimaperekedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, ndikofunika kuyang'ana mazira atsopano, mwachitsanzo, amawabatiza m'madzi.

Ma Rhodonites

Nkhuku za rhodonite zinkasamalidwa bwino komanso zokolola zabwino. Mtandawu unalumikizidwa ku Germany mwa kuswana chifukwa cha kuwoloka mtanda pakati pa mtundu wosweka Brown ndi Rhode Island. Ku Russia, a subspecies anapeza omwe amatha kupanga mazira m'nyengo yamvula.

Mitsempha ya rhodonite sichimafuna kuti ikhale yakula ndipo imakhala ndi bata, imalephera kuzizira bwino. Iwo amasungidwa mosamala mu gawo lapadera. Pali mitundu itatu. Komanso, mtanda woyamba woyamba umakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa kusiyana ndi zina - patatha zaka 1.5 mazira akucheperachepera kwambiri. Koma kuthekera kwa kuyika mazira a mitundu ina iwiri sikudalira pa msinkhu wa nkhuku.

Kulemera kwa moyo wamwamuna kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu. Kukula msinkhu kumayambira kumayambira nthawi yayitali - pa miyezi inayi. Iwo ali ndi zokolola kwambiri pa zaka za 1.5, ndiye kuchepa kwa dzira kumayambira. Goli la dzira lili ndi mtundu wa brownish.

Njira yaikulu ya mtundu uwu ndi khola lokhazikika mazira, ngakhale chisanu chimachitika, chomwe chiri chofunikira makamaka m'malo ovuta. Mbewu za mtundu umenewu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Mukudziwa? Kuti nkhuku za mtunduwu zisamachepetse mazira awo atangoyamba kumene zaka 1.5, kukonzekera kwapadera kotchedwa "katemera wotsitsimula" kumaperekedwa kwa nkhuku. Pambuyo pochita zoterezi, nkhukuyi idzapitirizabe kugwira masabata makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Zigawo sizitha kukhala ndi mazira, choncho, chofungatira ndi chofunikira kuti muzitha kuswana. Kukhalapo kwa tambala sikoyenera, kukolola kwa nkhuku sikudalira pa izo. Ngakhale kulimbikitsidwa kuti mupitirize kusunga dongosolo mu nyumba ya nkhuku. Zizindikiro zazikulu za nkhuku za rhodonite zimaperekedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Kusunga mazira kwa nthawi yayitali, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yozizira.

Mizere ikuluikulu

Mtundu wina wa nkhuku zomwe zili ndi dzira lapamwamba ndi mzere wapamwamba. Mbalamezi ndizochezeka, zimakhala zamphamvu ndipo zimatha kukhala mwamtendere ndi mitundu ina. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri ndipo zimapindulitsa kwambiri potsatsa. Ichi ndi mtanda umene ungathe kuchepetsedwa pa mafakitale ndipo umasungidwa mosavuta m'minda yaing'ono yamwini. Mitsinje yapamwamba: Brown, Silver Brown, Sonia, w-36 Mtanda unapangidwa ndi kampani ya America "Hy-Line International". Mwa kuswana, zigawo zotsatirazi zinagwedezeka: nkhuku zapamtunda zakuda, bulauni ndi siliva - zosiyana ndi zofiira zofiira ndi kunyamula mazira a bulauni, ndipo mitambo ya W-36, W-77 ndi W-98 imakhala ndi nthenga zoyera ndipo, motero, amapereka mazira mtundu woyera. Nkhuku sizilemera kuposa makilogalamu 2.5, ndipo zinyama sizilemera kuposa 3 kg.

Utha msinkhu umapezeka pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Kukhalitsa kwa mtunduwu ndi kwakukulu kwambiri - pafupifupi 96-98%. Miphambano yapamwamba imzere yoyera ndi yapamwamba bulauni ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a mtundu wa nkhuku zapamwamba amatha kuwona mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Chizungu cha Russia

Nkhuku zimabereka zoyera za ku Russia zimatchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka, kudyetsa komanso kukolola bwino. Mtunduwu unayambika ku Russia mwa kudutsa mtundu wa Leghorn ndi nkhuku za m'deralo. Mbalamezi zimakhala zosasamala, zimatsutsa matenda ambiri ndipo zimalekerera m'nyengo yozizira ndi chisanu. Kuti apange nyama iwo sali abwino. Kulemera kwa tambala sikoposa makilogalamu 2.5.

Nkhuku zimakhala ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu komanso zoyera, chifukwa adalandira dzina lawo lachiwiri - "White White". Mbali yodziwika ndi khungu lalikulu, kuima molunjika pakati pa amuna, ndi ang'onoting'ono, kupachikidwa pang'ono kwa akazi. Nkhuku zimafika msinkhu ali ndi miyezi isanu. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri - kupulumuka kwa nkhuku ndi pafupifupi 96%. Iwo ataya chibadwa chawo chifukwa chothawa, kotero nkhuku zimachotsedwera mu chofungatira.

Pakubzala nkhuku zoyera za Russia, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti akhoza kuthawa bwino, choncho amafunika kudula mapiko awo panthaŵi yake ndipo amateteza kuti aviyali ndi ukonde waukulu. Makhalidwe apamwamba a mtundu wa nkhuku woyera wa Russia amatha kuwona mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Kuti nkhuku zinyamule mazira, sikoyenera kukhala ndi tambala: Amuna amafunika kuti abereke ngati feteleza zikukonzekera.

Pushkinskaya

Nkhuku yotchedwa Pushkin ndi yabwino kwambiri kulima ndi kukonza m'magulu apadera. Эта птица отличается не только высокой яйценоскостью, но и мясом с отличными вкусовыми свойствами.Kuwonjezera apo, nkhuku zoterozo zimakhala zosasamala pa chisamaliro ndi kudyetsa. Dzina la mtunduwo linali chifukwa cha mzinda wa Pushkin, kumene kubereketsa nkhukuzo zinamera. Makolo awo anali Leghorn ndi Australorps. Pali mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya mtunduwu - imodzi imapezeka ku Sergiev Posad, ina imamera ku Pushkin. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti zoyera zimafala mwa amuna, pamene akazi amawoneka akuda. Palinso mtundu wofiira ndi wakuda wa maula.

Tambala la tambala ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa lazitali - 2.5-3 makilogalamu. Amuna amavomerezedwa ku nyama yomwe imakhala yoyera komanso kukoma kwake. Kulemera kwa nyama ndi pafupifupi 1.8-2.5 makilogalamu kale ali ndi miyezi isanu.

Mbalamezi zimakhala nazo Kulingalira bwino ndi kukhala mwamtendere ndi mitundu ina. Pofuna kukhala ndi dongosolo mu nkhuku nkhu, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kutenga tambala imodzi nkhuku 20. Koma ngati pali zinyama zambiri, mikangano sidzapewa. Kukula msinkhu ku Pushkin nkhuku kumabwera miyezi 4.5-5. Mazira oyambirira ali pafupifupi 50 magalamu olemera thupi limodzi, koma ali ndi zaka, kukula kwake kwa dzira kumakula. Mfundo yabwino ndi yakuti kuika mazira kumapitirizabe kuoneka ngati chisanu. The eggshell ndi zonona kapena zoyera. Mazira atayika nkhuku sataya zaka 3-4, kutanthauza kuti kubwezeretsa ziweto kumachitika mobwerezabwereza. Kubereka kwa mazira ndi kotsika - 90-95%, ndipo chida cha ana ndi 80%.

Malinga ndi chisamaliro, mtundu uwu ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo mwakachetechete umatulutsa chisanu, koma nthawizonse mumayenera kusamalira nkhuni yotentha usiku. Makhalidwe apamwamba a nkhuku zaku Russia amatha kuwona mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Kudya mazira yaiwisi, samalani: mankhwalawa mu mawonekedwe ake opangisa akhoza kuyambitsa matenda aakulu - salmonellosis.

Tsopano pakupanga mazira, mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ndi mitanda ya nkhuku ndi dzira-nyama yomwe ili ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa dzira, yolemekezeka chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa komanso zokolola zambiri, zapangidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa kubereka, nkhuku zambiri zimanyamula mazira aang'ono, omwe pamapeto pake amakhala aakulu. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chiwerengero cha nkhuku chiyenera kusinthidwa zaka zingapo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi dzira zabwino zaka zitatu zokha. Mungathe kusintha zoweta nokha, ngati muli ndi mtundu wokhazikika.