Cherry maula ndi mtengo wotchuka wazipatso. Amakula chifukwa cha olima ndi alimi chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma za zipatso zomwe ogula amakonda. Alycha Tsarskaya ndi woyimira bwino wachikhalidwe chake.
Kufotokozera kwamatambala amitundu mitundu Tsarskaya
Zosiyanasiyana zidapezedwa ndi obereketsa ku Moscow Agricultural Academy, osalowa mu State Record. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhulupirira mafotokozedwe a magwero osiyanasiyana, anamwino ndi kuwunika kwamaluwa.
Mtengowo sunakhale wokwera, mpaka mamita 2.5. Korona ndi wozungulira, wozungulira kapena wokutidwa. Mtengowu umakonda kupanga masamba oyambira. Kutentha kwa mizu kumakhala kochepa, nkhuni ndizabwino (malinga ndi ndemanga, zimapirira chisanu mpaka-35 ° C), masamba a maluwa ndi apakatikati. Omwe alimi ena amati mizu ya maula a Cherry Tsarskaya imatha kuzimiririka kale pomwe kutentha kwa nthaka kumatsikira mpaka -9 ° C. Kukhwima koyambirira kumakhala kwakukulu - mbande zodaliridwa zimalowa mu zipatso mu 2nd-3rd chaka. Zachuma ndizambiri komanso zokhazikika. Zosiyanasiyana zachedwa kucha - mbewu yakolola mu Ogasiti - Seputembara. Wamaluwa amadziwa kukana kwambiri ndi matenda akulu. Kulekerera chilala kumakhala pakati.
Nthawi ya maluwa yachedwa, yomwe imateteza maluwa kuti asabwererenso.
Alycha Tsarskaya limamasula mochedwa
Cherry plum Tsar ndi yopanda chonde, ndiye kuti, popanda pollinators, zipatso sizidzakhala. Ma pollinators abwino kwambiri ndi mitundu yotere yamapulusi:
- Kuban comet;
- Kupezeka;
- Woyendayenda
- Cleopatra
- Pramen;
- Mphatso ya St.
- Mara.
Zipatso zake zimakhala zachikasu, zozungulira, zazing'ono. Kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi ndi 23 g. Khungu limakhala lopyapyala, losalala, lachikaso lowoneka bwino ndi sera. Mnofu wachikaso ndi wandiweyani, wowonda, wokoma, wokoma komanso acidity pang'ono.
Zipatso za chitumbuwa maula a Tsarskaya ozungulira, achikasu
Zipatso za chifuno chaponseponse. Kuyendetsa ndi kusunthika ndichabwino.
Cherry maula amafikira
Ndiosavuta kubzala maula a Tsar, koma kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino muyenera kutsata malamulowo. Kusankha malo abwino oti mubzale ndiye gawo lofunika lomwe moyo wamtsogolo wa mtengowo umadalira. Popeza mizu ya Cher plum Tsarskaya imakonda kuziziritsa komanso kusungunuka, ngakhale kusunthira pang'ono kwa madzi koyenda mozungulira kumatha kupha. Mtengowu umakula bwino kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo ndi madzi akuya pansi. Kuchokera kumpoto kapena kumpoto chakum'mawa, kutetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira kumafunika. Itha kukhala mitengo yolimba, khoma la nyumba kapena mpanda. Mtengowu uyenera kulandira kuwala kambiri ndikuwongolera bwino, koma kutetezedwa ku zolemba. Kapangidwe ka dothi sikofunikira - chinthu chachikulu ndikuti limakhala ndi mbali kapena pang'ono zamchere. Koma pankhani ya kapangidwe, zofunikira zimakhala zapamwamba - maula a chitumbuwa amafunikira madzi oyenda bwino ndi otayika.
Ngati mbuna za chitumbuwa zili ndi mizu yotsekeka, ndiye kuti masiku obzala atha kukhala alionse - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.
Nthawi zambiri, wosamalira mundawo amakhala ndi mizu yotseguka - mbande zotere ziyenera kubzalidwe m'malo ogona. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri iyi ndi koyambilira kwa nthawi ya masika, nthawi yophukira isanayambe.
Tsatane-tsatane malangizo amafikira
Malamulo okhathamira ndi kutsatira zochita:
- Mu nthawi yophukira, nazale zimayamba kukumba kwakukulu kwa mbande, ndipo inali nthawi iyi kuti mitengo yamtsogolo ya maula ikatengedwe. Simuyenera kuchedwetsa kugula mpaka masika - makope abwino adzagulitsidwa kale, kotero muyenera kukhala okhutira ndi zomwe zatsalira.
- Sankhani mmera molingana ndi zosavuta:
- Zaka - 1 kapena 2 zaka. Mukakhala wokhwima pang'ono, mtengowo umalolera kumuyika moyipa kwambiri, umatenga nthawi kuti uzike mizu ndipo kenako umayamba kubereka.
- Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino, ndipo imakhala ndi mizu ya fibrous, popanda zophukira zowonjezera ndi ma cones.
Mizu ya mmera uyenera kupangidwa bwino
- Makungwa ndi osalala, opanda ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka.
- Ikani mmera wosungira m'njira imodzi mwanjira ziwiri:
- Woyikidwa pansi. Kuti muchite izi:
- Kumbani dzenje lakuya (30-40 cm), kutalika kwake lomwe liyenera kukhala laling'ono kuposa kutalika kwa mmera.
- Mchenga wocheperako (10-12 cm) umathiridwa pansi.
- Mizu ya mmera imakhazikika mu dothi lofiira ndi mullein.
- Ikani mmera mu dzenje mosazindikira.
- Dzazani mizu ndi dothi ndi madzi.
- Dzazani dzenje ndi dothi pamwamba, osangotsala pamwambapo pomwepo.
Mmera umakumbidwa m'mundamo ndi kusungidwa kufikira nthawi yamasika.
- Kutengedwera mu chipinda chapansi. Izi ndizotheka ngati kutentha kwa mpweya mchipinda chapansi kumakhalabe 0 ... + 5 ° C. M'chipinda chapansi, bokosi lamatabwa lomwe limakhala ndi mchenga limayikidwa, pomwe mizu ya mmera imayikidwa ndikuthira.
- Woyikidwa pansi. Kuti muchite izi:
- Dzenje lakufikitsanso liyenera kukonzedwa mukugwa. Chitani izi:
- M'malo okonzekedwawo amakumba dzenje ndi masentimita 70-80. Kuya kwake kungakhale chimodzimodzi. Mukakulirakulira dzenje, dzinthu zosakanikirana zambiri zimayikidwamo ndikuti mtengo wamtsogolo uzimva bwino. Izi ndizowona makamaka ku dothi losauka, lamchenga.
- Ngati dothi ndi lolemera, dongo, konzani dothi lokwanira. Kuti muchite izi, dothi lokumbika, dongo lokulitsidwa, njerwa zosweka, ndi zina zambiri, limathiridwa pansi.
- Malo enawo ndi odzala ndi michere yopanga magawo ofanana:
- humus kapena kompositi;
- zimbudzi peat;
- chernozem;
- mchenga.
Kudzala dzenje lodzaza ndi michere
- 3-4 l ya phulusa la nkhuni ndi 300-400 g wa superphosphate amawonjezeredwa. Sakanizani bwino ndi fosholo kapena pitchfork.
- Amaphimba ndi zinthu zopukutidwa bwino (kanema, zinthu zofolerera, slate) kuti madzi asungunuke osatsuka.
- Nthawi ikafika yoti abzale, amatenga mmera pobisalira ndikuyesa. Ngati mizu yowonongeka ikapezeka, imadulidwa.
- Thirani mizu m'madzi kwa maola awiri. Zingakhale bwino ngati mukulitsa zokupatsani mphamvu ndi mapangidwe amizu ndi madzi. Izi ndi mankhwala monga:
- Kornevin;
- Epin;
- Heteroauxin ndi ena.
- Amatenga dothi kuti lichotse dzenjelo kuti mizu ya mmera igwire bwino.
- Timayala tating'onoting'ono timakokedwa, pamwamba pomwe pamaikapo mbande, ndipo mizu imayala pamalo otsetsereka.
Mizu yosunthika imayenera kufalikira kumapiri.
- Amagona ndi zosakaniza zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za 3-4. Chosanjikiza chilichonse chimachepetsedwa. Amawonetsetsa kuti chifukwa chake, khosi mizu ili pamlingo womwewo ndi nthaka kapena masentimita angapo kukwera.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito chop chop kapena ploskorez kupanga bwalo loyandikira.
- Thirirani mtengowo ndi madzi ambiri kuti voliyumu yonseyo ikhale yothira. Izi ndizofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale moyandikana ndi mizu ndipo palibe mpweya wozungulira wozungulira iwo.
Thirirani mtengowo ndi madzi ambiri kuti buku lonse ladzilowe
- Pambuyo masiku 1-2, dothi limamasulidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulch. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito udzu, nthambi za spruce, humus, etc.
- Amayamba kupanga kolona - kudula mtengowo kutalika kwa 60-80 cm.Ngati nthambi zakula kale pamtengo, azidulidwa pakati.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Pokonzekera chitumbuwa cha maula, Tsarskaya amagwiritsa ntchito njira ndiulimi.
Kuthirira
Kulekerera chilala mu maula a cherry kumakhala kotsika, kotero muyenera kuthira madzi nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri amayamba kuthirira nthawi yamaluwa kenako amawabwereza mwezi uliwonse. Mitengo yaying'ono, yomwe mizu yake imagwiridwabe ntchito, ingafunike njira zopitilira pafupipafupi, makamaka yotentha yotentha. Kuthirira kumalizidwa kugwa - mu Okutobala - Novembala, kotchedwa kuthirira kwamadzi komwe kumachitika. Panthawi yothirira, kufunda kwa chinyezi kumawongoleredwa - kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 25-30 cm. Nthawi iliyonse mutayanika dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndikulungika.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Za feteleza zomwe zinaikidwa mu dzenje lobzala ndizokwanira mtengo mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo. Kuyambitsanso kowonjezerako kudzafunika mutalowa zipatso, zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipatso.
Gome: kapangidwe kake ndi pafupipafupi kwa kavalidwe kakang'ono ka chitumbuwa
| Dzina la feteleza | Madeti ndi pafupipafupi ntchito | Mlingo ndi njira |
| Organic (kompositi, peat, humus) | Chapakatikati kapena yophukira ndi pafupipafupi zaka 2-3 | Tsekani dothi la thunthu pamlingo wa 5-6 kg / m2 |
| Mafuta organic | Munda wa maluwa oponya. Nthawi zina pafupipafupi ndi masabata awiri | Limbirirani mu ndowa imodzi yamadzi kwa sabata 2 kg ya mullein. Itha kusinthidwa ndi 1 kg ya zitosi za mbalame kapena 5 makilogalamu a udzu watsopano odulidwa kumene. Gwiritsani ntchito kuthirira, kuthira ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 102 bwalo |
| Nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, urea, nitroammofosk) | Chapakatikati pa chaka chilichonse, kupatula chaka chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe | Kumwazika panthaka 20-30 g / m2 feteleza ndi kukumba |
| Potashi (potaziyamu monophosphate, potaziyamu sodium) | Pambuyo maluwa. Ngati kunalibe maluwa - osapereka | Sungunulani m'madzi mukathirira pa 10-20 g / m2 |
| Phosphoric (superphosphate) | Mukugwa kwa chaka chilichonse | Finyani pansi panthaka 30 40 g / m2 feteleza ndi kukumba |
| Kuphatikiza | Lemberani malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa | |
Kuchepetsa
Alyche Tsarskaya amafunikira kudulira nthawi zonse. Izi ndi izi:
- Kupanga kudulira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti apange korona woyenera. Kwa mtengo wokhazikika wa Tsar chitumbuwa, kupangika kwa mtundu wa "mbale" woyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowunikira mkati mwa korona ndikupereka chisamaliro chosavuta ndikututa. Adzanyamula kumayambiriro kasupe woyamba 4-5 zaka mutabzala.
Kwa mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa maula a Tsar, kupangika kwa mtundu wa "mbale" kuli koyenera kwambiri
- Kudulira kosinthika kumayikidwa pakafunika. Ngati chisoti chachiwongoka, mphukira zomwe zimamera mkati, komanso nsonga, zimadulidwa. Kuchita njirayi kumayambiriro kwamasika.
- Kudulira kokonza ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zipatso zambiri. Imachitika mchilimwe pofupikitsa mphukira zazing'ono ndi masentimita 10-15. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuthamangitsa.
- Kudulira kwaukhondo kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma, zowonongeka komanso zodwala. Imachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso (kapena) masika oyambirira.
Kanema: momwe mungapangire chitumbuwa changa
Kutentha kwamoto
Chifukwa chakuuma pang'ono kwa mizu, zipatso za chitumbuwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndi mulch yosachepera 10 cm. Mutha kuthira udzu, lapnik, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa kapena tambala wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi masamba ofunda, ndi zina. Mukayamba nyengo yachisanu, ikani chimtengo chozungulira ndi matalala owonjezerapo mpaka 60 cm.Mayambiriro kasupe, nthawi yoyamba kucha, nthawi yoyamba kucha, thonje limachotsedwa kuti mupewe kuzika mizu.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, mizu ya Cherum Tsarskaya imatenthedwa ndi mulch
Cherry maula matenda ndi tizirombo
Cherry plamu sugwirizana ndi matenda akuluakulu ndi tizilombo toononga, koma njira zodzitetezera komanso zaukhondo zomwe zimathandizira kupewa matenda a fungus ndi kuukira kwa tizilombo siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Gome: zoyambirira zaukhondo komanso zodzitetezera
| Mayina a zochitika | Madeti | Kuchuluka kwa ntchito |
| Choyeretsa chomera zinyalala ndi masamba owuma | Yophukira masamba atagwa | Pofuna kuwononga fungal spores, nthambi zonse zodulidwa, namsongole ndi masamba owuma zimawotchedwa. Phulusa lomwe limayikidwa limasungidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito kuvala pamwamba. |
| Kudulira kwaukhondo kwa mitengo | Yophukira ndi masika, pakalibe kuyamwa kwa madzi | |
| Kuyeserera ndi chithandizo cha makungwa | Kugwa masika | Ngati kuwonongeka kwa makungwa kwapezeka, ming'aluyo imadulidwira minofu yathanzi, yopaka matayala ndi 1% yankho lamkuwa la sulfate ndikuphimbidwa ndi dimba la varnish |
| Limu chovunda cha mitengo | Wagwa | Mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi zakuda zimayeretsedwa ndi yankho la laimu lophatikizika ndi 1% yamkuwa |
| Kukumba kwa dothi mitengo ikuluikulu | Kuchedwa | Kwachitika mochedwa momwe zingatheke, makamaka ndi isanayambike chisanu choyamba. Poterepa, tizirombo touluka pansi nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka tidzafa ndi kuzizira |
| Kuwaza korona ndi dothi ndi mkuwa wa sulfate | Yophukira, masika oyambirira | Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la 3% ya mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Bordeaux fluid |
| Kukhazikitsa kwa malamba osaka | Kumayambiriro kasupe | Mikanda yosaka imapangidwa ndimtundu wakuda, kumayamwa ndikumverera, etc. |
| Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo padziko lonse lapansi | Kumayambiriro kasupe musanayambe kuyamwa | Gwiritsani ntchito DNOC kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse ndi Nitrafen (pachaka) |
| Systemic fungicide kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa | Pambuyo maluwa, ndiye ndi imeneyi masabata 2-3 | Mankhwala otsimikiziridwa bwino:
Ikani zina mwanjira zosaposa katatu pachaka chifukwa mbewu zomwe zimazolowera |
Matenda
Matenda akuluakulu a Cheramu maula ndi fungal. Kukhala kofunikira kudziwa zizindikiritso zawo ndi njira zawo.
Malo ofiira (tsamba loyera)
Matendawa akuwoneka pamasamba, kenako ndi zipatso za mawanga ofiira. Pambuyo pake, masamba amawuma ndikugwa, zipatso zimakhala zopanda thanzi, kukoma kwawo kumayamba kuwonongeka. Kuthandiza pa nthawi yake ndi fungicides kumathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa.
Polystigmosis kumapangitsa tsamba kugwa
Kleasterosporiosis (malo owoneka bwino)
Matenda ofanana ndi polystigmosis. Kusiyanaku ndikuti pambuyo poti mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira amasamba, amakula ndikukula kenako amapanga mabowo. Koma zotsatira zake ndizofanana - masamba amatha, zipatso zimakutidwa ndi nkhanambo. Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi am'mbuyomu.
Ndi clasterosporiosis, mabowo amapanga mawonekedwe pamasamba
Moniliosis (moto woyaka)
Kudwala matenda opatsirana ndi moniliosis kumachitika kudzera m'maluwa, pomwe njuchi zimafalitsa bowa nthawi yomwe amatola timadzi tokoma. Pambuyo pawo, masamba ndi mphukira zimakhudzidwa, iwo amaziralira, amapondaponda ndikuyamba mawonekedwe. M'chilimwe, bowa amapanga zipatso ndi zipatso (imvi) zowola. Ngati matenda a mphukira, ayenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kulanda kwa 20-30 masentimita a matanda athanzi ndikuwotchedwa. Ndiye chithandizo ndi fungicides ndikofunikira.
M'chilimwe, moniliosis imakhudza zipatso ndi zipatso zowola.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono
Zambiri mwa mbozi zotulutsa chitumbuwa zimatuluka mu mazira omwe amaikidwa ndi tizilombo mchaka. Ngati wokonza m'munda atapeza mphukira mkati mwa zipatso zacha, tachedwa kumenya nkhondo. Kuchiza ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda isanayambike maluwa atathandizira kuti ziwonongeko zisanakhale ndi nthawi yoti muziikira mazira. Ikani mankhwala:
- Decis;
- Fufanon;
- Iskra-Bio, etc.
Mitundu yambiri yazomera monga:
- Ndondomeko yaula. Gulugufe amaikira mazira maluwa. Mphutsi zimadya zamkati zotsekemera za zipatso. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi madontho a chingamu amawoneka pamwamba pa chipatso.
- Plum sawfly. Gulugufe amaikanso mazira pamaluwa ndi masamba a chitumbu. Mphutsi zimadya zipatso zosapsa kuchokera mkati.
- The Thorax. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono, mphutsi zake zomwe zimadya zipatso zake, pambuyo pake zipatsozo zimathothoka.
- Ma nsabwe. Chimadya masamba owoneka bwino am masamba.
Zithunzi zojambulidwa: tizirombo tambiri tambiri tambiri
- Khungwe la maula limayikira mazira ake pamasamba ndi maluwa a maula.
- Mphutsi ya plum sawudya zipatso zosapsa kuchokera mkati
- Chingwe cha maula chimayikira mazira pomwe maula a maula amatulutsa
- Maenje pa maula a maula amawonetsa kukhalapo kwa njenjete
- Tolnotozhka - cholakwika chowopsa cha maula a cherry
- Mphutsi za centipedes zimadya zipatso za maula
- Aphid amakhazikika pamasamba a chitumbuwa
Ndemanga wamaluwa za Cheramu maamu mitundu Tsarskaya
Chaka chino ndimakonda kwambiri chitumbu cha Tsarskaya, kukoma ndi uchi (kwa ine), fupa limagawanika mosavuta, ndi lokongola komanso labwino, Comet ndiyabwino, koma ... ndikungoyembekezera zipatso zabwino kuchokera kwa Sonya ndi Mary, mpaka zipatso 1-2, sindingathe kulawa .
michael
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=430&start=1590
Katemera wa Tsar mu korona wapaderopo, pomwe wachiwiri, chaka chachitatu, amayamba kupanga katemera patatha chaka katemera, kuyika chithunzichi, nayi :-) Ndimakondwera kwambiri ndi mitundu iyi, ndikulangizani aliyense kuti nyengo yozizira idafunsidwa momwe zinthu ziliri, ngakhale nyengo zitatu zomaliza sizinali zodziwonetsa. Chimacha kumayambiriro kwa August. Kudula kunatumizidwa kuchokera ku Mic. Mundawo.
michael
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=430&sid=5ab06a2af247ab8e9effff43d345701f&start=1605
Chaka chino chinali chipatso choyamba cha ma plums anga. Zinali zidutswa zochepa.Ndinkakonda chitumbuwa cha maula a Tsarskaya - zipatso zake ndi zachikaso zowoneka bwino, zonunkhira komanso zokoma, mbewuyo imasokonekera mosavuta, yakucha kumapeto kwa Julayi, mwina panali zidutswa 10 pamtengo. Tsaroti m'mikhalidwe yanga imazizira chaka chilichonse (pamtengowo), koma kasupe amakula, mbewu inali pam nthambi zotsika, zomwe zinali pansi pa chipale chofewa. Pankhani ya kukoma, ndimaika Tsarskaya pamalo oyamba.
Korneva
//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=407&start=125
Alycha Tsarskaya ali ndi zovuta zina - kulimbana ndi chisanu mozizira, kuzilimbitsa komanso amakonda kupanga mphukira zoyambira. Koma ngati nkotheka kupanga nyengo yabwino (malo okhala mitengo ikuluikulu ya nthawi yozizira, kukhalapo kwa mbewu yoyipitsa moyandikana), zabwino za chikhalidwechi zimaposa zovuta zosafunikira. Kukoma kwa zipatso zokoma, zobiriwira, komanso zachifumu zambiri kudzakondweretsa wosamalira dimba amene wakulitsa mtengo wokongola pamalowo.
