Ambiri wamaluwa ndimaona dill wopanda vuto popanda chomera. Ndikokwanira kubzala mbewu zake m'nthaka kamodzi kokha. Kupitilira apo, chikhalidwechi chimaberekanso chodzala, kuthana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, sizifunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera komanso chisamaliro china. Koma mbewu iyi, monga momwe umasonyezera, imatha kudwala matenda kapena kugwidwa ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kudziwa pasadakhale zovuta zovuta zomwe zingatheke pakukula katsabola, momwe mungapiririre nawo ndikupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kukula kwa matenda a mafangasi.
Chithandizo ndi kupewa matenda a katsabola
Kupewetsa matenda kumatenga wosamalira nthawi yochepera komanso kulimbikira kuposa kuthana nawo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pazinthu zosavuta izi.
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha malo oyenera. Mafangayi ambiri azachilengedwe amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, mpweya wabwino, ozizira. Chifukwa chake, katsabola amafesedwa m'malo otentha dzuwa. Chomera sichimawopa mphepo komanso kukonzekera.
Kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndikofunika kwambiri. Pamalo omwewo, katsabola ndikofunikira kuti akule bwino kwambiri zaka 2-3. Kenako bedi liyenera kusamukira kumalo atsopano. Zomwe zimayambitsa chikhalidwe ndi zomera kuchokera ku Pumpkin, Legume, Solanaceae. Osabzala katsabola pambuyo pa kaloti, beets (chigwa ndi tsamba), sitiroberi zam'munda, ndi maambulera ena. Mwambiri, mabedi okhala ndi mbewuzi amayikidwa momwe angathere kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Tomato ali oyambitsa kubala, mbewu izi zili ndi matenda wamba - verticillosis
Chithandizo chambewu chofunikiranso chimafunikanso. Ndiosavuta kuwanyowetsa kwa mphindi 15-20 m'madzi otentha (45-50ºº), kenako ndikuwamiza m'madzi ozizira kwa theka la ola. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yonyezimira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate ya kupha matendawo, koma nthawi yake pochita izi ikukwera mpaka maola 5-6. Zofananazo zimaperekedwa ndi biofungicides. Mu yankho lomwe limakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo, njere amazidontha kwa mphindi 10, kenako zimatsukidwa m'madzi ozizira ndikuwumitsidwa kuti akhale otaya.
Potaziyamu permanganate yankho - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Kusatetezeka kwa mbewu kumakhudzidwa bwino ndi chithandizo ndi ma biostimulants. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa wowerengeka azitsamba (msuzi wa aloe, succinic acid, uchi wothira madzi), ndikusunga zokonzekera (Epin, Kornevin, Zircon, potaziyamu humate).
Mbewu zofesedwa m'mundamo monga momwe tingathere, kupewa kuthimbirira kwa mitengo. Kukhola kumalepheretsa mbewu kukula msanga ndikupanga iwo kukhala pachiwopsezo. Matenda ndi tizirombo pankhaniyi amafalikira mofulumira kwambiri.
Katsabola pabedi amafesedwa monga momwe tingathere, kupewa kuthana ndi mitengo
Bedi limamasulidwa nthawi zonse ndi kumasulidwa. Ndipo kugwa - amafukula ndikuchotsa zinyalala zonse za mbewu. Imafunika kuwotchedwa mwachangu, osasungidwa kwinakwake pakona patali. Mazira ndi mphutsi za tizirombo tambiri, tambiri timene timayambitsa tizilomboti timakwanitsa nthawi yozizira pamizu ya chomera, mu masamba owuma.
Panthawi yolimba yogwira, kuthira feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous ndikothandiza. Mlingo woyenera, ma macronutrients amenewa amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mbewu. Boron imachitanso chimodzimodzi. Koma akhama ndi nayitrogeni, mmalo mwake, sizoyenera.
Matenda Atsabola wamba
Katsabola mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Mwayi uwu udapatsidwanso kwa mitundu ndi ma hybrids omwe amabadwa mwa kubereka. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda azikhala bwino, mwachitsanzo, nyengo yamvula kapena malo obiriwira. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, chikhalidwechi chimathanso kuvutika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Katsabola alibe chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda.
Powdery mildew
Chimodzi mwazifo zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mbewu zam'munda. Katsabola amathanso kuvutika ndi bowa. Kukula kwake kumalimbikitsidwa ndi chinyezi chachikulu (70% ndi zina) ndi kutentha kotsika kwambiri m'chilimwe (17-20ºС). Spus ya bowa wa pathogenic amanyamula ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nyerere, tizilombo tambiri touluka.
Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ofewa ndi masamba, ngati ufa ndi wazungu kapena ufa wa imvi. Pang'onopang'ono, utoto uwu "umakula", mtundu wake umasandulika kukhala woderako. Tiziwalo tomwe timakhudzidwa timawuma ndikufa. Mwakutero, katsabola wotero amatha kudyedwa, koma kukoma kwake kumawonongeka kwambiri ndipo fungo lake labwino limatha.
Powdery mildew ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri za matenda a horticultural, katsabola amathanso kudwala
Popewa kubzala, katsabola amathandizidwa ndi yankho la pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate wothira madzi ndi colloidal sulfure (3-5 g / l). Ndikofunika kuwonjezera potaziyamu permanganate nthawi ndi nthawi kuti madzi azithirira. Ndikofunika kuchita mankhwalawa kamodzi pa masabata 1.5-2.
Kubzala mankhwala ndi colloidal sulfure njira - yothandiza kupewa powdery mildew
Popeza tapeza zodziwikiratu zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyamba kwa matendawa, katsabola ndi gawo limodzi m'mundamo amathiridwa mankhwala ndi anyezi kapena owombera adyo, yankho la ufa wa mpiru. Ngati masamba okha ndi omwe akhudzidwa ndi bowa, amatha kuchotsedwa, ndipo mbewu yonseyo imathandizidwa ndi thonje la potashi wobiriwira, phula kapena sopo ochapira. Popeza bowa samalekerera malo okhala acidic, zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ophatikizidwa muyezo wa 1 kefir kapena Whey ndi kuwonjezera kwa ayodini (dontho pa lita imodzi yankho).
Garlic amatulutsa kosasunthika, ndikuwononga bowa wa pathogenic
Woopsa, makonzedwe okhala ndi mkuwa, fungicides, amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale kwa zobiriwira izi ndizosayenera, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa popanda kutentha, ndipo nthawi zina zimatsukidwa. Ngati pali chisankho, chidwi chikuyenera kuperekedwa pakukonzekera kwachilengedwe, komwe sikuvulaza thanzi la anthu kapena chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Strobi, Gamair, Mikosan, Alirin-B. Nthawi zambiri zokwanira 2-3 njira ndi imeneyi ya masiku 5-6. Ngakhale pali wamaluwa omwe amakonda zinthu zodalirika “zotsimikiziridwa,” monga Bordeaux madzi ndi mkuwa sulfate. Njira ina ndi maantibayotiki. Mu lita imodzi yamadzi muyenera kusungunula 1-2 g ya Penicillin, Streptomycin ndi Terramycin ufa.
Kanema: Njira zowongolerera za powdery
Peronosporosis
Powdery mildew imazindikiridwa ndi mawanga owoneka ngati mandimu kutsogolo kwa tsamba. Amawoneka ngati "mafuta", amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira wamdima kenako wodera. Mbali yolakwika ya pepalali imakokedwa ndi wosanjikiza mosalekeza wa mauve. Pang'onopang'ono, mawanga awa amakula, kuphatikiza. Amakhudzidwa ndi bowa amasiya kufota, kukhazikika ndikuuma, kuwola kukhala zidutswa zosiyanasiyana. Masamba obiriwira okhala pansi pa dill omwe amakhudzidwa ndi downy mildew amakhala otuwa, pafupifupi osalawa. Matendawa amatha kuwononga mbewuyi kwakanthawi kochepa, patadutsa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Spens of a pathogenic bowa amanyamula ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zovala zoyera. Malo oyenera a kanyumba kakang'ono kwambiri amasintha kwambiri kutentha ndi usiku, kutentha kwamphamvu (komanso kuthilira ndi madzi ozizira).
Peronosporosis amawononga chomera mwachangu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri wosamalira mundawo alibe nthawi yochitapo kanthu
Kuteteza malo obzala kuchokera ku peronosporosis, katsabola ndi nthaka pabedi zimakonkhedwa ndi choko chamafuta kapena phulusa la nkhuni. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza zinthu izi m'nthaka munthawi yomasuka. Chapakatikati, patatsala pang'ono kubzala mbande kapena asanadzawabzala m'mundamo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira malo osankhidwa ndi yankho la Integral, Alirina-B, ndi Haupsin. Kamodzi pamwezi pa nthawi yomwe masamba akhazikika, boric acid yothira madzi (1 g / l) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Phulusa la nkhuni ndi njira yabwino yotetezera ku bowa yambiri ya tizilombo
Chithandizo cha anthu pachidwi polimbana ndi matendawa sichothandiza kwambiri ngakhale koyambirira kwa chitukuko chake. Pabwino, amatha kuchepetsa njirayo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa masamba obiriwira omwe amatulutsa phytoncides - anyezi, adyo, chowawa, yarrow.
Ngati matendawa sanazindikiridwe pa nthawi yake komanso apita patsogolo pakukula kwake, mankhwalawa Fitosporin-M, Planriz, Bayleton, Baikal-EM amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, njira ziwiri zochiritsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku 12-15 ndizokwanira. Koma mankhwalawa oyambira kwachilengedwe nthawi zina samapereka kufunika. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kupita ku "zojambula zolemera" - izi mwachitsanzo, Acrobat-MC, Oksikhom, Ridomil-Gold. Mankhwalawa amaika chiopsezo ku thanzi la anthu ndi nyama, motero musanapopera mankhwala muyenera kusamalira zida zoteteza (osavala chopumira komanso magolovu). Palibe katsabola kuchokera kumabedi omwe anakonzedwa kwa mwezi umodzi.
Fitosporin-M - imodzi mwa fungicides yotchuka kwambiri kwachilengedwe yoyambira wamaluwa
Palinso njira ina yothanirana ndi matendawa. Zomera zonse zomwe zatulutsidwa pamalowo zomwe zingatengedwe zimatulutsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Kukumba dothi kapena kumasula bwino, kenako ndikuthira ndi madzi otentha, njira ya rasipiberi ya potaziyamu yamdima kapena 5% yamkuwa.
Phomosis (zowola zowuma)
Matendawa amatha kuonekera kwambiri ndi kaloti, koma katsabola amakhudzanso, chifukwa izi zimachokera ku banja limodzi. Kukula kwake kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi chachikulu. China chomwe chikuthandizira kumatenda ndi kuchepa kwa nthaka ya boron.
Ndi kuchepa kwa nthaka ya boron, chiopsezo chotenga fomosis ndichipamwamba kwambiri
Malo amtundu wakuda kapena amaso amtundu wokhala ndi malire amdima wakuda amawonekera pamasamba. Mbali yolakwika imapeza tint yofiirira yakuda. Masamba otsika kwambiri amatha kutembenukira utoto kwathunthu. Ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimasakazidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikufa, chitsamba chowerengeka chimasiya kukula, masamba amatembenuka. Ngati muuchotsa pansi, mutha kuwona "zilonda" zofiirira pamizu. Nsalu zamkati mwake zimasanduka fumbi.
Phomosis nthawi zambiri imakhudza mbewu ndi mizu, koma katsabola amathanso kudwala.
Poletsa kukula kwa fomosis, tsamba lisanabzalire katsabola limathiridwa ndi yankho la 0.5% la Tiram, Fundazole kapena Rovral. Kulimbitsa kusatetemera kwa mbewu, feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous umayikidwa m'nthaka. Koma nayitrogeni, mmalo mwake, imawafooketsa, chifukwa chake simuyenera kukhala achangu nacho. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito manyowa atsopano. Komanso, nthawi yakula, ndikofunikira kuchita madiresi apamwamba a 2-3 ndi yankho la boric acid. Ndipo m'nthaka pakama zaka 4-5 zilizonse mutha kupanga bora.
Ma feteleza a Phosphate ndi potaziyamu omwe ali mulingo woyenera amathandizanso chitetezo chomera
Phomosis sikuti amathandizika kuchiritsidwa. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa wowerengeka azitsamba ndi mankhwala. Kukhala kosavuta kuchotsa toyesa matenda kuchokera pamabedi ndikuthira dothi m'malo ano.
Cercosporiasis
Matenda owopsa a fungus omwe amakhudza chomera chonse ndikuwongolera kukula kwake. Fangayi wa pathogenic amasokoneza njira yofananira ya photosynthesis, pomwe chitsamba cha katsabola tsopano chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse kuwononga mapangidwe atsopano. Kukula kwa cercosporiosis kumathandizira kuziziritsa (kutentha osati kuposa 20 ° C) ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Masamba ang'onoang'ono (2-4 mm mulifupi) amtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi malire amtundu wa njerwa amawonekera pamasamba. Amamva kukhala okongola pokhudza. Amachulukirachulukira m'mimba mwake, amafalikira papepala lonse. Masamba okhudzidwa amawola ndi kufa.
Njira zapadera zochizira matenda a chifuwa chachikulu siziripo, chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa popewa kupewa
Popewa komanso pazizindikiro zoyambirira zakukula kwa matendawa, katsabola amathiridwa madzi ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi kapena yankho la Abacus, Rex-Duo, Dual-Gold. Ngati nyengo ndi yabwino kwa bowa, mankhwalawa atha kubwerezedwanso patatha milungu iwiri ndi iwiri ndi iwiri. Kutentha komanso chilala chambiri, izi sizofunikira. Ndiwothandizanso kuwonjezera chitetezo chachilengedwe pakugwiritsa ntchito phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu mu Mlingo wosapitirira zomwe zirimbikitsidwa.
Abacus ndi amodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa cercosporiosis
Kuphatikiza pa "mbewu" zobzalidwa, cercosporiosis imatha kukhudza quinoa, kubzala nthula, ndi dandelions. Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kuti tiletse udzu.
Wofesa nthula ndi umodzi wa udzu womwe wothandizira wa cercosporiasis yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati "maziko"
Fusarium
Fusariosis ndimatenda owopsa omwe amakhudza mbewu zambiri za m'munda. The bowa parasitizing mu zimakhala za chomera amadzaza iwo ndi poizoni chakumaso. Chifukwa chake, zipatso, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, masamba, amadyera zimakhala zosayenera kudya. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula m'dothi lokhazikika. Koma mozama, dongo lapansi - pafupifupi. Amakonda bowa ndi kutentha, chinyezi chachikulu. Chifukwa chake, katsabola wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha ali mdera linalake la ngozi. Spores imanyamula tizilombo tambiri timene timadya timitengo tambiri - nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude, zovala zoyera.
Mu gawo la chomera, zizindikiro za fusarium zimawonekera pomwe matendawa apita kale mokwanira
Vuto linanso langozi ndi kuchuluka kwa chlorine m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukana feteleza zomwe zili ndi ma microelement awa. Mwachitsanzo, ndikosayenera kudyetsa katsabola ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake. Koma calcium sakonda fungus ya pathogenic. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera ufa wa dolomite m'nthaka pakukonzekera kama, wophwanyidwa ndi choko cha dzira kapena chipolopolo cha mazira.
Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wachilengedwe wachilengedwe, malinga ndi kuchuluka popanda zotsatira zoyipa
Masamba a dill obwera chifukwa cha fusarium amataya kamvekedwe, kutembenukira chikasu ndikufota. Amawoneka zigamba za "Madzi". Njira pamilandu yambiri imachokera pansi mpaka pamwamba. Pazigawo za timitengo, timizere tokhala ngati timiyala, tating'ono tating'ono timawoneka bwino - zotengera zoluka. Pafupifupi ndi mizu, tinthu ting'onoting'ono tofiirira titha kuoneka.
Matendawa amakhalanso oopsa chifukwa samadziwonetsa kwa mwezi wathunthu - iyi ndi nthawi yomwe makulidwe. Ndipo nthawi yowononga ikayamba mphezi mwachangu, masiku 4-7 akukwanira kuti mbewu ife.
Njira yothandiza yopewa kuthilira ndi mlungu ndi nthaka kuthilira dothi ndi njira yapinki ya potaziyamu. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi mankhusu kapena phulusa la nkhuni (pafupifupi malita 0,5 a zopangira pa malita atatu a madzi otentha).
Anyezi mankini kulowetsedwa - ogwira kupewa fusarium
Njira zochizira anthu polimbana ndi fusariosis sizothandiza. Ndikwabwino kuti musawononge nthawi ndikugwiritsa ntchito fungicides - Phytolavin, Agat-25K, Vectru, Vitaros. Awa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pakusowa kwa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa, koma njira zowopsa kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale - Oksikhom, Bravo, Raek, Diskor. Ndikofunika kupopera mbewu zokha zomwe zimawoneka kuti sizipezeka. Zomwe zizindikiro zikuwonetsa sizingapulumutsidwe. Amachotsedwa m'mundamo ndikuwotchedwa mwachangu. Palibe choletsa kuwatumiza ku mulu wa kompositi ngati simukufuna kuwononga munda wonse pambuyo pake.
Verticillosis
Tchire la Berry ndi mbewu za muzu nthawi zambiri zimavutika kukokoloka, koma katsabola nawonso ali pachiwopsezo. Mbali ya matendawa ndi nthawi yayitali (zaka 2-3) yomwe makulidwe ake samawonekera mwanjira iliyonse, akupanga dothi. Zimathandizira pakubwera kwa verticillosis kutentha kwambiri (25ºC ndi zina), makamaka kuphatikiza ndi chinyezi chochepa.
Mafangayi amatsekera zombo zomwe zimabweretsa chinyezi kuchokera ku mizu ya mlengalenga, komanso zimatulutsa zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimayambitsa minyewa. Njirayi imayamba kuchokera kumizu, chifukwa chake, mu zomerazi zomwe zimakhala ndi kachilombo, mizu yake sinakhazikike, ngati kuti ndi "lotayirira".
Masamba otsika amapukuta pang'onopang'ono. Zomwe sizingasinthe kukhala zabwino, ngakhale mutakonda kuthirira mbewu. Kenako tchire la katsabola limayimiratu kukula, kukula. Masamba amapeza mtundu wamtundu wachilendo. Zovala zofiirira “zonyansa” zofiirira zitha kuoneka kuti zikufanana ndi ukonde, koma si chikakamizo. Chifukwa cha chizindikiro ichi, verticillosis nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi kangaude ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito acaricides, kuwononga nthawi.
Katsabola yemwe amakhudzidwa ndi verticillosis amawoneka kuti amayamba kuzimiririka popanda chifukwa.
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zonse zomwe zimalima mnyumba, ma sitiroberi am'munda ndi beets zimadwala verticillosis. Chifukwa chake, katsabola silivomerezeka kuti libzalidwe m'mabedi omwewo kapena zaka zosachepera zisanu izi zitatha kubzala.
Udzu wamabulosi - chikhalidwe chomwe, chikakula m'minda yanyumba, chimakhala ndi verticillosis nthawi zambiri
Njira zochizira verticillosis pakadali pano palibe. Chifukwa chake, njira zopewera ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nthaka yomwe ili m'mundamo imagwiritsidwa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi iliyonse, pakukula, masabata osachepera awiri amadzalidwa ndi yankho la biofungicides (Phytocide-R, Phytodoctor, Fitosporin-M). Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa magawo a Gliocladin, Trichodermin, Entobacterin m'nthaka.
Njira zochizira verticillosis kulibe, Glyocladin, monga mankhwala ena, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa
Kuonjezera kukana kwa katsabola ku matendawa, kupatsa chakudya kumalimbikitsidwa. Adyereni pamene tchire limakula mpaka 8-10 cm kutalika. Mu lita imodzi yamadzi, 1-2 g ya potaziyamu permanganate, boric acid, sulfate yamkuwa, zinc sulfate imatsitsidwa. Njirayi imabwerezedwanso katatu, ndipo pakadutsa masiku 10, 20 ndi 30 pakati pawo. Njira yothetsera michereyi imakhala ndi zofunikira zonse za chomera. Zimakhudza kusatetezeka kwake ndikuchulukitsa kukana matenda aliwonse a fungus.
"Mwendo Wakuda"
Matendawa ndi oopsa makamaka kwa mbande zazing'ono. Itha kuwononga kwambiri ngakhale mtundu wonse wamtsogolo wa katsabola kale pa siteji ya mbande. Mwambiri, wolima yekha ndiye ayenera kukula bwino, nthawi zambiri komanso / kapena kuthirira mabedi ambiri.
Pansi pa tsinde limakhala locheperako, limakhala lakuda ndi lowuma. Chomera chimagona pansi pa kulemera kwake. Kenako imayamba kufa ndi kufa.
"Mwendo Wakuda" - matenda omwe amakhudza mbande ndi mbande panthaka
Mbewu zikangoyamba, bedi limakonkhedwa ndi kamchenga kowonda. Popewa, mbande za katsabola zimathiridwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena choko chophwanyika. Ndikofunikanso kuwabzala m'nthaka kuti amasule. Mutha kuthanso kubzala ndi yankho la phulusa wamba kapena koloko (5-7 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu musanadzale ndi nyali ya quartz kwa mphindi zitatu kapena zisanu.
Mafuta ophika ophika kapena phulusa la sopo amathandiza kuthana ndi "mwendo wakuda" kumayambiriro
Tazindikira mawonekedwe oyamba, kuthirira katsabola kumachepetsedwa, ndikuchepetsa mpaka kofunikira. Nthawi iliyonse, makhiristo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate amawonjezeredwa kumadzi, ndikusintha mtundu wake kukhala pinki. Nthawi iliyonse mutathilira, gawo lapansi limamasulidwa, ndikuphwanya dothi lolimba pamtunda kuti chinyezi chisasunthike.
Kumasulira dothi pabedi ndi dill kumathandizanso kuti pakhale bwino
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, dothi lomwe lili pabedi ndi mbewu zomwe zimathiridwa ndi yankho la Bactofit, Planriz, Fitosporin-M. Mitundu ya Trichodermin kapena Gliocladin imalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Palinso mankhwala othandiza wowerengeka azitsamba - kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi peel, phulusa lamatabwa, mowa wa 3% wa ethyl.
Kanema: momwe mungatetezere mbewu ku "mwendo wakuda"
Kuthana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Madyera a katsabola amapezeka mu fungo labwino lakuthwa chifukwa cha mafuta ambiri. Izi zimawopseza tizirombo tambiri kuchokera pachomera, koma, mwatsoka, si onse.
Tsabola
Amadziwikanso kuti "ambulera", "karoti" kapena "anise." Ichi ndi gulugufe wabwino kwambiri wokhala ndi mapiko a bulauni. Pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa kutsogolo basi amaoneka kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe ofiira. Akuluakulu amaikira mazira m'nthaka komanso pa mbewuzo. Mbozi zomwe zimatuluka mwa iwo zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa katsabola. Amapangidwanso mu utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mawalo obiriwira pakati pamagawo.
Zowonongeka zazikulu m'mabedi okhala ndi katsabola zimayambitsidwa ndi mphutsi za dill, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti akulu safunikira kumenyedwa
Amadya masamba ndi maluwa, mbewu zosakhwima. Dill "ambule" imakulungidwa ndi china chake chonga intaneti, ndikuchikoka pamodzi. Ngati mawonekedwe a tizilombo akuwoneka pa nthawi yake, omwe adayamba kuvutika ndi mbozi ndizosavuta kuyang'anitsa ndikuwononga kuposa kusokoneza mankhwala.
Mphutsi za mphero zimakoka maambulera okhala ndi zinthu zokhala ngati cobweb
Pofuna kuteteza bedi ndi katsabola kuchokera kwa akuluakulu, pafupi nanu mutha kudzala maluwa ndi mbewu zina ndi fungo lamphamvu lakuthwa - marigolds, nasturtiums, calendula, sage, rosemary, chowawa. Madyera osankhidwa bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopanda pake pokonzekera ma infusions, omwe amafunikira kuti azitha kuwaza bedi kamodzi pa masiku 10-12, ndipo pakatha mvula iliyonse. Misampha yopanga tokha imaperekanso zotsatira zabwino - zidutswa za makatoni akuda, plywood, galasi, wokometsedwa ndi guluu wowuma pang'ono, mafuta odzola, uchi. Mofananamo, tepi yomatira yofananira yogwira ntchentche. Lepidocide, Entobacterin, Bitoxibacillin akukonzekereratu kuthamangitsa agulugufe pamabedi. Njira yothetsera vutoli imafunikira kuthira limodzi dothi komanso mbewu zonse.
Kununkhira kwakuya kwa chowawa komanso mbewu zina kumachotsa njenjete kuchokera kubzala
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudzanso osati kulimidwa kokha, komanso mbewu za maambulera zakutchire. Chifukwa chake, sitiyenera kuyiwala za kudulira kwaminda nthawi zonse. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yopetsera.
Popeza tapeza mbozi pa katsabola, tchire limasungidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa lamatabwa, komwe amawomba sopo (5-7 g / l). Tizilombo timangotsuka chomera. Monga lamulo, njira imodzi kapena ziwiri zokhala ndi masiku atatu ndi zokwanira. Ngati palibe zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, mankhwala ochita kupanga wamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Inta-Vir, Tanrek, Mospilan.
Tsamba la karoti
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono (mpaka 2mm kutalika) tokhala ndi mapiko obiriwira otambalala otentha timayala mazira pamizu ya katsabola. Mu Meyi chaka chotsatira, mphutsi zomwe zimadya zipatso zamadzimadzi zimabisala kwa iwo. Amapakidwa utoto wamalonda, wotuluka m'mphepete mwa thupi ali ofanana ndi mphonje. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala pamasamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amapondaponda mwachangu, "kupindika", ofanana ndi mitundu ya curley, kenako kupunduka ndikuuma.
Carrot masamba-sheaths ndiosavuta kuzindikira - amalumphira m'mwamba ndi mawonekedwe opepuka kwambiri a chitsamba cha katsabola
Masamba akuluakulu amatera nthawi yozizira pa singano za paini kapena mizu ya kaloti wamtchire. Chifukwa chake, kubzala katsabola kuyenera kuyikidwa momwe mungathere kuchokera ku conifers. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndikofunika kumangirira bedi nthawi yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi chida chilichonse chofiyira (spanbond, lutrasil, agril). Ndipo tisaiwale za kutchera mundawo.
Mtengo wa payini umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobisalira kaloti yozizira
Kuwopseza tsamba la tsamba la karoti pamabedi okhala ndi katsabola, masango amathiridwa ndi infusions wa malalanje a mandimu, mandimu, ndi zipatso zina zilizonse. Dothi laphimbidwa ndi phulusa losakanizika ndi phulusa la pansi kapena tsabola wofiirira komanso zinyenyeswazi za masamba owuma a fodya. Zosakaniza zonse ziyenera kumwedwa pafupifupi. Komabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sakonda anyezi. Chifukwa chake, amatha kuzungulira bedi ndi katsabola kuzungulira mzere wozungulira kapena mizere inanso mukadzala. Zofanana zimapatsa masamba mpiru.
Kulowetsedwa kwa malalanje a lalanje kumayendetsa tsamba-tsamba lobiriwira pamabedi okhala ndi katsabola
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi osafunikira, koma pakubwera tizirombo tambiri - iyi ndi njira yokhayo yotulukira. Ngakhale izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi karoti wokongoletsa masamba ndi Tsimbush, Actellik, Sumicidin.
Carrot kuuluka
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono (mpaka 4.5-5 mm) tokhala ndi mapiko owonekera, tint. Mabuu amapezekanso achikulire, achikasu achikasu. Nthawi ya ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya achikulire imayamba mu khumi eyiti ya Meyi ndipo imatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pamaluwa a phulusa la kumapiri ndi mitengo ya maapulo.
Nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya ntchentche za karoti imachitika kumapeto kwa masika
Ntchentche karoti amakonda mthunzi ndi chinyezi mkulu. Nthawi zambiri, malo obzala m'makona osagwiritsidwa ntchito (pafupi ndi mpanda, hedge) ndi madzi pafupi ndi vuto. M'malo otseguka, zimakhudza katsabola kawirikawiri.
Kukumana ndi mphutsi kuchokera ku mazira omwe amayikidwa pamasamba a mazira kumapita pansi ndikuzika mizu. M'malo omwe amalowa m'matangadza, amapaka utoto wonyezimira. Zomera zimachepetsa kwambiri chitukuko, zimayambira ndizowonongeka. Masamba amapeza utoto wofiirira, kenako amatembenuka chikasu ndi kowuma.
Mphutsi za karoti zimauluka mizu ya mbewuzo, kuzidya kuchokera mkati
Popewa, wosakanizidwa ndi katsabola, mutha kudzala anyezi kapena adyo. Fungo lamphamvu la pungent lidzapatsa kununkhira kwa zobiriwira, komwe kumayang'ana ntchentche za akuluakulu. Komanso mitengo yobzala nthawi yolima ikhoza kuthandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nsonga za phwetekere, mbatata, chitsamba, ndipo mbewu zomwezo zimatha kufesedwa ndi fumbi la fodya, tsabola wapansi, mpiru wa mpiru. Munthawi ya ntchito yayikulu ya tizilombo, katsabola ndi dothi m'munda amathandizidwa ndi yankho la mankhwala Prestige-KS, Cypermetrin.
Dulani pansi kuchokera ku tchire la "stepons" la phwetekere lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga kulowetsa komwe kumachotsa karoti kuuluka
Palinso njira ina yothanirana ndi ntchentche za karoti. Ngakhale pali mapiko, sipangathe kupitilira 0.5 m pamwamba pa nthaka. Chifukwa chake, bedi lokhala ndi katsabola limatha kuzunguliridwa mozungulira mzere wozungulira wokhala ndi mauna opingasa autali woyenera. Ndipo marigolds ndi calendula, obzalidwa pafupi ndi katsabola, amakopa adani achilengedwe a tizilombo - ichneumonids.
Kanema: momwe mungachotsere kuuluka kwa karoti
Chingwe choluka
Tizilombo timadziwikanso pansi pa mayina ena - cholumikizira chotchinga, grafizoma, mizere ya ku Italy. Dzina lomaliza silikudziwika kwawo, koma kutalikirana kwambiri kwamtundu ndi yunifolomu ya asitikali ankhondo aku Vatican. Ndikosatheka kusokoneza ndi tizilombo tina. Amadziwika ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri wa chiganamba chosinthana mizere yakuda ndi lalanje. Kuphatikiza pa katsabola, tizilombo timakhudzanso parsley ndi kaloti. Chidutswachi ndi chozizira, motero, sichimapezeka kumpoto kwa Russia.
Pazomera, tizirombo tikuwoneka bwino. Amasunga ma ambulera m'magulu onse, ma proboscis amayamwa msuziwo kuchokera wofewa, osakhala ndi nthawi yakucha nthangala. Zotsatira zake, iwo samakula konse, kapena amakhala wopanda vuto, wopunduka. Chifukwa chake, kumera kumacheperanso.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti musazindikire cholowera chokhala ndi milozo pa maambulera oyala
Shield siyimasiyana pakubisika, komanso kuthamanga. Kukongoletsa koyera kumachenjeza kuti ndi poyizoni, koma chenjezo ili ndilofunika kwa mbalame, osati anthu. Chifukwa chake, tizirombo titha kutengana ndi dzanja, ndikugwedeza maambulera mumtsuko wamadzi. Ndiwothandizanso kupopera mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi dichlorvos kapena nthomba ma eerosols opangira ziweto. Kufunika kopitilira kosinthika kwa ma landning, monga lamulo, sikumabuka. Kusiyana ndi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizilombo. Kuti muthane ndi izi, mankhwala a Novaktion, Atom, Aktara, Zolon amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga lamulo, palibe njira zapadera zofunika kuchita polimbana ndi chingwe cholumikizira chaching'ono, mwachitsanzo, utsi wokhazikika wa utitiri
Ma nsabwe
Chimodzi mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "omnivorous", akukhudza mbewu zambiri zam'munda. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhazikika pazomera zonse, makamaka masamba achichepere ndi malangizo. Tizilombo timene timadya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala tiuma, tauma ndi kufa. Malo ochepa owonekera amawonekera bwino m'makutuwo - malo omwe madzi amawayamwa ndi tizirombo. Nthawi yomweyo, pamapezeka phale lopendekera pamtunda, likuipitsa pepalalo, kusokoneza momwe zinthu zimayendera pang'onopang'ono.
Aphid ndi imodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'munda.
Aphid ndi owopsa osati lokha, komanso wothandizanso wa causative wothandizira matenda ambiri. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti akukhala mosakhazikika ndi nyerere. Kudzakhala kofunikira kumenyana nthawi imodzi ndi izo ndi tizilombo tina, apo ayi zotsatira zomwe tikufuna sizingatheke.
Popanda kuthana ndi nyerere, ndizosatheka kuchotsa nsabwe m'munda
Tizilombo timalekerera fungo lamphamvu. Maluwa abwino, zitsamba zonunkhira (fennel, coriander, timbewu, Basil, tsamba la mpiru) zingabzalidwe m'mbali mwa bedi ndi katsabola. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zopanda pake pokonzekera infusions, womwe m'minda mwake amakonzedwa masiku onse asanu ndi awiri. Zina zabwino ndi tsabola wa tsabola, tchipisi cha fodya, ufa wa mpiru, singano. Zida zomwezi zimathandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo ngati mawonekedwe ake akuwoneka pa nthawi. Pazowirikiza pokhapokha pakufunika chithandizo chokwanira mpaka katatu pa tsiku.
Pali mbewu zomwe zimakopa nsabwe za m'masamba. Izi ndi mallow, petunia, begonia, nyemba. Mitengo, linden, chitumbuwa cha mbalame ndi viburnum ndizowopsa kwambiri m'mundawo.
Petunia amakopa nsabwe za m'masamba, kotero mabedi amaluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa awa amayikidwa kutali ndi mbewu zamunda uliwonse.
Pakakhala vuto lalikulu la nsabwe za m'masamba, malo obisalidwa amathiridwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo - Confidor-Maxi, Mospilan, Admiral, Iskra-Bio. Nthawi zambiri zokwanira 2-3 mankhwala ndi imeneyi ya masiku 3-4. Omwe alimi ena akuti vodka, Coca-Cola, madzi ndikuphatikizira madontho ochepa a lavender ofunikira mafuta, mtengo wa tiyi, ndi fir nawonso zimathandizanso.
Kanema: njira zolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba
Kupewa zovuta kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri kuposa kuthana nayo pambuyo pake, makamaka ngati njirayi yapita patali kwambiri. Ngakhale chomera chosasinthika monga katsabola chimatha kudwala matenda ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muzipatula nthawi yopewa kupewa. Palibe chodabwitsa chomwe chimafunikira kwa wokonza dimba, njira zosavuta zithandizira kupewa kukweza kwa bowa komanso kuukira kwa tizirombo.
