Kambiranani "Malbec"! Mitengo ya mphesa ikuchokera ku France

Malbec limatanthawuza mitundu yodulira mphesa.

Mphesa wake ndi njira yoyenera yobzala imapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri popanga vinyo wodalirika, wokonzeka bwino, wamtengo wapatali omwe angapikisane ndi Cabernet kapena Merlot.

Malbec mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana

Pakuti chitukuko cha tchire cha mpesa uwu ndi chikhalidwe mphamvu yowonjezera ndi kukalamba bwino kwa mphukira.

Masamba:

• mawonekedwe ozungulira, kukula kwapakatikati (16x18 cm);
• mwa mawonekedwe a chingwe;
• zisanu ndi zitatu;
• kusakaniza - makwinya;
• zosiyana siyana.

Nthambiyi ndi yosalala, yowoneka bwino, yokhala ndi mpanda wozungulira. Amadula pamwamba pa pepala nthawi zambiri otseguka, koma amalembedwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi pansi.

Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa pansi pa pepala nthawizonse kumatseguka. Kufukula pa stem kuli ponseponse kapena ngati chingwe, lotseguka.

Chipepalacho chili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono atatu. Mbali ya m'munsi mwa tsamba ili ndi phula lofatsa. Tsinde la tsamba ndi loonda, lalifupi, lofiira.

Kudzimanga nokha sikokwanira, ngakhale maluwa ndi abambo.

Moldova, Count of Monte Cristo ndi Galben Nou amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa nkhope ziwiri.

Magulu zowonongeka, zotayirira kapena sredneplotnye ndi kukula kwa 8x12 cm.

Zipatso kuzungulira, mdima wofiirira, pafupifupi wakuda mtundu, wofanana ndi kukula kwa 14 mpaka 18 mm. Tsambali lili ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu yowonjezera, yophimba ndi yophimba. Mitengo ya zipatso ndi yamchere, yowutsa mudyo, yosungunula.

Malbec - mphesa zoyambirira. Nthawi yofalikira mpaka kukula kokwanira ndi masiku 140 - 145. Mphukira imayamba kuphulika mu zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa April.

Kusakaniza koyambirira kumaphatikizapo kusintha, kudzikuza ndi kaso.

Chithunzi

Onani mphesa ya Malbec mu chithunzi pansipa:

Mbiri yobereka

Malo a Malbec - kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa France, dera la Cahors. Mitundu ya mphesayi imaperekedwanso pansi pa mayina Auxerrois, Noir de Presac, Medoc Noir, Quercy, Cat, Cahors. Malbec ndi chifukwa cha mitundu ya hybridation Montpellier ndi Hayak.

Malingana ndi buku lina, mpesa unabweretsedwa ku Hungary kuchokera ku mlimi wamphesa Malbec.

Mitengo ya mphesa yapamwamba kwambiri ya Bordeaux inayamba kulowa, Malbec, komabe sangathe kulimbana nawo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chisanu, kutentha kwa nyengo, zokolola zosakhazikika chifukwa cha maluwa akugwa, komanso matenda.

M'nyengo yotentha ya mayiko a South America, komwe Malbec wakhala akulima kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19, zosiyanazo zinali zizindikiro zabwino:

• zokolola 4-6 matani pa hekitala;
• fruiting chiŵerengero 1.5-1.6 (pamwamba);
• acidity kuti shuga chiŵerengero 0,7% / 28%;

Panopa Malbec akukula ku Argentina, USA, Chile, France, Australia, New Zealand. Ku Russia, izi zowonjezera zimayambika muyeso yogwiritsira ntchito agroclimatic madera IB ndi IIA Crimea (Alushta, Saki, Evpatoria madera).

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mphesa wotchuka kwambiri matenda a anthracnose, mildew ndi imvi nkhungu.
Causative agent nthendayikapena nthomba, ndi bowa opanda ungwiro, osakhala ndi chlorophyll, osatha kujambula zithunzi ndi kudyetsa mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi mphesa.

Matenda omwe amawopsa kwambiri amayamba ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yokula ndipo amakhudza zonse zobiriwira za mpesa.

Kuwonongeka kwa nthomba sikuti kungathe kuwononga gawo la mbeu ndikupangitsa kuponderezedwa kwa mpesa.

Matenda a mphutsi, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, amasiya kulandira zakudya ndi madzi kwa masamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi asamuke m'magazi omwe amathyoledwa.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chisanu ndi chilala kukana, zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola za mpesa.

Kuteteza mphesa ku anthracnose chitani zovuta za agrotechnical.

1. Pambuyo potaya masamba pa kugwa kapena kasupe, mphukira isanayambe, mphesa zimatulutsidwa ndi prophylaxis kuti zitheke. DNOC kapena nitrofen. Pa nyengo yokula ikugwiritsidwa ntchito fungicides:
2. 1% Bordeaux madzi;
3. Mapangidwe a 0.4% a homein, polycarbocin, polychomy, mical.
4. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matendawa, kudulira mipesa kumachotsedwa pa kudulira ndi kutenthedwa.
5. Pokonzekera mipesa kwa mbande, zitsamba zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimatayidwa mosamala ndi kutenthedwa.
6. Musanayambe kusunga, cuttings ndi omwe amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chinosola.
7. Mitengo yatsopano ya mpesa iyenera kuikidwa m'madera okwezeka, kupewa malo osadziwika pansi pa nthaka: pa chinyezi chachikulu, masitepe a bowa kuchokera ku dziko la mpumulo kupita ku masewera ndi masewera a tchire.

Matenda owopsa kwambiri a mphesa ndi mildewkapena downy mildew. Zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa zomwe zimawononga pokha pa mpesa.

Muzaka zambiri ndi mvula yambiri, kutayika kwa chiwonongeko cha munda wamtunduwu ndi mildew pamene palibe zotetezera zingakhale 50%.

Mildew amakhudza ziwalo zonse za mphesa zobiriwira. Kusokonezeka kwa biosynthesis mu chomera kumabweretsa

• kupsa kochepa kwa mphukira;
• kufooketsa kwa mpesa;
• kuchepetsa kutentha kutentha;
• kuchepetsa shuga komanso kukhutira acidity wa madzi.

Zida zoteteza kulimbana ndi matenda ziyenera kuchitika mu zovutazo:

• ndi bwino kukhala ndi munda wamphesa kumtunda kwakumwera ndi mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, wokhala ndi mizere yoyendetsera mphepo yowonongeka;
• Panthawi yochita zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi kulima mphesa - garter, zinyalala, pasynkovanie, minting, kumasula nthaka, ulimi wothirira, kupalira;
• Gwiritsani ntchito zakudya za foliar ndi ma microelements mu 0.01 - 0.02% ndondomeko, mugwiritsire ntchito feteleza;
• m'nyengo ya chilimwe kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala asanu ndi asanu (7) ndi fungicides (1% Bordeaux madzi, mical, arceride, polihom, Rydomil), ndi zovomerezeka zowonongeka;
• ndi kutalika kwa mphukira za 25 - 30 cm;
• pamaso maluwa;
• kumapeto kwa maluwa;
• kenako - malingana ndi nyengo.

Pakati pa maluwa, mphesa siziyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga mankhwalawa ndi poizoni kwa mungu ndipo zimakhudzanso magulu.

Chifukwa imvi zowola ndi bowa wopanda ungwiro. Momwe zinthu zilili kuposa mvula yamaluwa, kucha ndi kucha kuchawonekera, ndikutsatidwa ndi kuola kwa masango.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa mbeu kuwonongeka, muyenera:

• khalidwe labwino nthawi yoyang'anira garter ndi kuthamangitsa;
• chotsani mphukira zopanda kanthu;
• gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu za fungicides.

Kwa matenda oidiumChifukwa cha matendawa, Malbec ndi osasuntha.

Sitiyeneranso kunyalanyaza njira zothandizira kupewa bacteriosis, chlorosis, kansa ya bakiteriya, rubella.

Mitundu yoposa 800 imadziwika pa mpesa. zinyama, ambiri mwa iwo ndi tizilombo.

Phylloxera (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nsabwe za m'masamba) - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri, ali ndi mizu, mapiko, mawere ndi masamba.

Mitundu yonse ya nsabwe za m'masamba imapezeka pazitsamba zazitsamba ndipo zina zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa.

Zokambirana za antivlox cholinga chake Kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:

• kubzala mphesa nkhaniyo imakonzedwa chonyowa (disinfection ndi HCHs emulsion kapena kuimitsa)mwina anachita fumigation pogwiritsa ntchito methyl bromidi.
• Njira zaulimi zazitsamba mphesa pamtunda wa mchenga ndi kuphatikizidwa pa nthaka zina amalepheretsa kugonjetsedwa kwa mipesa phylloxera.

Nkhondoyo ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yabwino yokha kwa mfumukazi yosungira katundu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo kupopera mankhwala kumachitika mu magawo awiri:

• Panthawi ya mphukira (kutsutsana ndi anthu);
• pamene masamba 9-12 amaonekera (motsutsana ndi mphutsi za m'badwo woyamba).

Ndikumenyana kwakukulu kwa Malbec mpesa masamba komabe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono komanso m'malo mwawo chitetezo miyeso kuchokera ku tizilombo.

Kupopera Mphesa Wamphesa ndi Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (decis, cymbush, sumicidin) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito biologics (lepidotsid, dendrobatsillin, actofit) amapereka zotsatira zabwino pazochiritsidwa:

• kumayambiriro kwa kuyambira kwa mbadwa zoyamba za mbozi za Lyperti;
• Patapita masiku 10 chithandizo choyamba;
• ndi chiyambi cha kutuluka kwa mbadwo wachiwiri wa mbozi.

Mwa chitetezo chopangidwa mphesa kuchokera njenjete analimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa masango oonongeka.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yambiri ya masamba a masamba, mphesa ndi biennial, zimakhala zofanana ndi za mphesa.

Kubzala zipatso Malbec ndi kukopa khungu lawo wasp.

Mabomba a utsi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso njira zothetsera mavuto zowonongeka kuti ziwonongeke za tizirombozi mu zisa. Kuti musasokoneze zokolola zamtsogolo, gwiritsani ntchito misampha, muli ndi mabowo ndi nyambo mkati.

Pamodzi ndi misampha yopangidwa ndi mafakitale (mwachitsanzo, Wt 202, Argus Garden msampha thumba), mungagwiritse ntchito ngati mtengo wokwera mtengo komanso wotsika mtengo botolo la pulasitiki nthawi zonse.

Chombocho chimapangidwira m'thupi, popeza poyamba adayika nyambo pansi - mankhwala omwe ali ndi mapuloteni kapena mazakudya (zidutswa za nyama kapena madzi okoma).

Ndi malo ochepa a kumunda wamunda wamphesa, mungateteze motsutsana ndi mafunde powaphimba "zophimba" za minofu yabwino kwambiri (tulle, wosanjikiza limodzi) ndi zolimba pansi.

Zomwezo "zophimba" zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga Njira yolimbana ndi mphesa kumatulutsa mphesa. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, mbalame mwamsanga zimazoloŵera ku mitundu yonse ya zowonongeka - magalasi, zinyama zowakulungidwa, ziphuphu - ndi kusiya kuwayankha.

Chotsatira chabwino cha kusunga mphesa kuchokera ku kutha kwa mbalame chingaperekenso:

• Kutambasulidwa mu mizere 2-3 pakati pa waya, kumene mphesa zimamangidwa, nsomba za nsomba kapena ulusi wolimba;
• Kuphimba tchire ndi nsomba zabwino zokha nsomba kapena nsalu yamatope.

Malingana ndi malangizowo a kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, Malbec, ngakhale kuti nyengo yowonjezera nyengo, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulandira vinyo wamoyo, ndi kukoma kozama kwamtundu wa zipatso ndi zonunkhira bwino.

Mitundu ya vinyo imatchuka kwambiri ndi Rkatsiteli, Krasny, Montepulciano ndi Red Delight.