Polypodium kapena centipede, ndi Latin Polypodium, ndi a m'banja la Millipede (Polypodia), pamodzi ndi Platicerium. Mtundu uli ndi pafupi Mitundu 200 ya ferns, zofala padziko lonse lapansi.
Ambiri a iwo amakhala m'madera otentha ndi madontho achilengedwe, ndi mitundu ina - m'madera otentha.
Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya polypodium pali epiphytes yomwe ikukula m'matanthwe a miyala, pamitengo ya mitengo ndi miyala ya mossy, ndi mazira omwe amakhala m'madera otentha.
Kufotokozera
Malingana ndi kukula kwa ferns za mitundu Polypodium ndi zobiriwira kapena zowonongeka.Mitundu yonse imadziwika ndi tinthu tambirimbiri tambirimbiri, tomwe timakhala ndi miyeso yambiri.
Kuchokera mmerawu mumakula mizere iwiri ya masamba ovekedwa ndi nsalu pa petioles yaitali, omwe, kufota kutali, amasiya nkhanambo ngati masamba.
Pachifukwa ichi chomeracho chimatchedwa dzina lake - kumasulira kumatanthauza "miyendo yambiri".
Bright wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Masamba kapena fronds akhoza kukhala odzaza, okongoletsera kapena awiri ozungulira mawonekedwe.
Pamunsi mwa tsamba la masambali timakhala tikukula mozungulira ngati mtundu wa chikasu-lalanje - izi ndi sporangia, kupanga spores. Mu nyumba polypodium sporonos kwambiri kawirikawiri. Mitundu ina ya centipede yakhala ikudziwika ndi mabotolo kwa wachibale wake wapafupi, mtundu wa Flebodium.
Powasamalira bwino, polypodium amakhala mu nyumba kwa zaka zambiri, pachaka kumasula masamba angapo atsopano. Zikuwoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pansi ndikupachika. Izi ndi zokongoletsera zokongola za nyumba, zipinda zamatabwa, ma conservatories ndi nyumba zosungira nyumba.
Mitundu
Golden
Mtundu wamba m'nyumba zamkati floriculture. Amasiyana ndi mipeni yokongola ya nthenga ya mtundu wa bluu, yomwe imapereka sera ya sera yomwe imateteza ku mpweya wouma ndi tizirombo. Kutalika kwa frond kufika pa mita imodzi kapena kuposerapo.
Mphunoyi imakhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira kwambiri la golide.
Zithunzi za subspecies Golden:
Ambiri
Fern yochititsa chidwi komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri yomwe imakula kuchokera ku rhizome imodzi, koma mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Chimodzi mwa iwo ndi choyambirira ndi chimodzi cha mtundu. Mutha kuona mawonekedwewo ali olimba, avu, agawanika kapena a m'mphepete. Zitsulo zazitsamba zimasonkhanitsa chinyezi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mosavuta zinyamuke mlengalenga.
Zithunzi za Multi-fruited subspecies:
Virginian
Milipiyake yaing'ono yomwe ili ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a feathery sali oposa 30 cm m'litali ndi 6 cm kupingasa. Gawo lirilonse la frond limakhala lozungulira pang'ono.
Zithunzi zapansi Virginsky:
Pimply
Zokongoletsa kwambiri zosiyanasiyana. Zimasiyanitsa pamwamba pa mdima wandiweyani masamba osakanikirana. Zikauma, zimatulutsa fungo lodabwitsa la coumarin.
Photo subspecies Pimply:
Austria, cambric kapena kumwera
Malingaliro ndi mapepala a deltoid pinworm-mawonekedwe osiyana, kufika theka la mamita m'litali. Magulu a tsamba la tsamba ndi la lanceolate ndipo amawomba pamphepete.
Zithunzi za subspecies za ku Austria:
Kumadzulo
Mitundu yaing'ono yodabwitsa kwambiri yokhala ndi nyenyezi zosapitirira 20 cm. Mbali zopapatiza ndi zonse, elliptical, kapena serrated. Izi ndi fern-resistant fern, Angathe kupirira kutentha mpaka -29 ° C.
Photos subspecies Kumadzulo:
Ussuri kapena linear
Epiphyte ikukula pa mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo komanso m'mitengo ya miyala. Masamba obiriwira a mdima wofiira, wowonjezera-lanceolate. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti m'nyengo youma, zimagwiritsira ntchito chubu. Rhizome yokutidwa ndi filimu yofiira. Amakula pamapiri a miyala ndi miyala yamaluwa.
Photo subspecies Ussuri:
California
Fern yosalala ndi masamba ochepa ovundukuka a mawonekedwe osweka. Zigawozo ndi zozungulira ndi zozungulira. Mitengo yotsanzira imeneyi ikuyenera kukula kokha pamalo otseguka.
Chithunzi subspecies Californian:
Scooter
Mbalame zooneka ngati fern ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu a grey-green. Maonekedwe a nthenga zawo kapena kusokonezeka. Nthenga za mapeyala ndizowonjezereka.
Zithunzi za subspecies za Scooler:
Kutumidwa
Zosangalatsa kwambiri lalikulu deltoids ndi magulu aatali, otchedwa serrated kapena serrated m'mphepete, zomwe zimapatsa chomera chotseguka. Ma petioles ndi aakulu kwambiri, pafupifupi ofanana ndi kutalika kwa tsamba.
Photos subspecies Pilchaty:
Zachilendo
Yokha Fermentic fern ikukula pakatikati Russia. Ichi ndi chomera chosavuta chomwe chimapezeka pa miyala ya mossy ndi miyala yolimba. Masamba ake ndi achikopa ndi palmate-complex. Nthendayi imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, kotero anthu amaitcha "mizu yokoma". Kuzizira kwambiri, podziwa kutentha mpaka -40 ° C.
Photo subspecies Kawirikawiri:
Zimaphatikizapo kusamalira kunyumba
Polypodium ankaona kuti ndi okonda kwambiri za ferns zonse. Zimamveka bwino m'nyumba ndikukula mofulumira, kupanga chitsamba chobiriwira cha masamba obiriwira. Njira yoyenera ulimi wothirira ndi chinyezi chachikulu - zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri.
Kuunikira
Chomera amasankha penumbra yowala popanda kuwala kwenikweni kwa dzuŵa, kusiya kutentha pa izo. Kum'maŵa, kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kumbali ndi malo abwino kwambiri a malo ake.
Malo pawindo lakumwera-sill adzafuna shading ndi chophimba chowala. Mutha kuika chimbudzi mkati mwa chipinda chowala kapena chiwembu, koma pansi pa chivundikiro cha chomera chachikulu.
Kutentha
M'chaka-chilimwe nyengo polypodium monga kutentha kwapakati pa chipinda.
M'nyengo yozizira, amasankha kutentha kuchokera pa 14 mpaka 20 ° C, ndipo amatha kutentha kuchokera ku 12 mpaka 14 ° C.
Pa nthawi ino Ndikofunika kuteteza fern ku mizu ya drafts ndi hypothermia.
Ndichofunikanso kwambiri kuichotsa kuti zisatenge zipangizo.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Imwani chomera ayenera kukhala oyenera Pambuyo pachitetezo chapamwamba cha dziko lapansi chimauma. Kwa amene akuyimira zomerazo ndizovulaza kwambiri monga kuyendayenda kwa nthaka, ndi kumera madzi, kuwonongera mizu. Madzi okwanira ayenera kuthiridwa mofewa komanso mokwanira.
Polypodium ikusowa chinyezi chapamwamba. Iye amakonda kupopera mbewu tsiku lililonse komanso kusamba nthawi ndi nthawi. Mukhoza kuika mphika pamatope ndi miyala yowonongeka kuti madziwo akhale pansi pa mphika.
The centipede adzayankha mwachimwemwe kupukuta masamba ndi siponji yonyowa. Komabe, njirayi siikonda polypodium golidi - mitengo yake yophimbidwa ndi sera yomwe ingawonongeke.
Feteleza (kuvala)
Sungani chomera ayenera kusamala kwambiri. Kuyambira May mpaka mapeto a August, 2 zowonjezerapo ndi mineral complex pamwezi zili zokwanira.
Feteleza ndondomeko ayenera kukhala 4 zofooka nthawi zina kuposa momwe tawonetsera m'malemba. M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa kwaletsedwa.
Kusindikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a nthaka
Bwerezerani polypodium nyengo kapena chilimwe pamene ikukula, pamene rhizome imadzaza mphika wonse. Mphamvu yofunikira ndi yayikulu komanso yopanda kanthu. Kuwonjezera apo, chiweto chobiriwira chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi madzi abwino.
Pamene kuika sikuyenera kukhala ndi rhizome yozama kwambiri - mumangofunikira kanikizani pang'ono ndikuwaza pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka. Mawanga otambasula akhoza kudulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala lotayirira ndi breathable ndi ofooka asidi anachita. Mukhoza kukonzekera gawo lapansi la masamba omwewo, humus, wosweka pine makungwa ndi sphagnum. Izi zikuwoneka bwino kwa epiphytic ferns. Ndipo kwa mitundu yonse ya centipedes, chisakanizo chokonzedwa kuchokera ku magawo awiri a nthaka yothira bwino chidzakhala choyenera, chimene chimaphatikizapo 1 gawo la coniferous lapansi, peat, humus ndi mchenga wonyezimira.
Zomwe zimasamalidwa mutagula
Polypodium yomwe yalowa m'nyumba kuchokera ku shopu la maluwa iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti pasakhale tizilombo toonongeka ndikuyikidwa mosiyana ndi maluwa ena kwa masiku angapo.
Ndiye iye amafunika kuziyika ku chidebe chatsopano.
Pambuyo pake, monga lamulo, zomera zonse zimagulitsidwa mu gawo lapadera lazinyamulira, zomwe sizili zoyenera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kosatha.
Pambuyo pa kusinthitsa, ikani "wothandizira wobiriwira" mumthunzi wowala ndikuupereka ndi zinthu zonse zofunika. Feteleza "watsopano" angakhale mwezi ndi hafu, pamene angathe kusintha.
Zina zowonjezera m'nyumba ndizo: Pelley, Pteris, Cirtriumium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Salvinia, Nephrolepis, Platicerium, Uzzhnik ndi Humulus.
Kuswana
Gawani
Mtengo wa munthu wamkulu wathanzi umadulidwa mu magawo 2-3 kuti aliyense ali ndi masamba angapo. Zigawo zili ndi phulusa. Delenki imabzalidwa mu gawo lapansi, yokutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika malo otentha ndi amthunzi kwa sabata.
Mikangano
Zokwanira njira yovuta komanso yovuta. Sporangia atasanduka bulauni, amadulidwa pamodzi ndi pepala, amaikidwa m'thumba lopuma ndipo amaimitsa kuti aziuma.
Pambuyo masiku 7-8, spores ayamba kugona mokwanira. Kwa kumera kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito mini wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha. Njerwa yoyera imayikidwa mu thanki, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi peat yonyowa. Kenaka, tsitsani madzi osungunuka, mudzaze chidebe pa masentimita asanu.
Spores amabalalika pamwamba pa peat, yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki chivundikiro kapena galasi ndi kuikidwa mumthunzi malo. Kuchuluka kwa madzi mu chidebe nthawi zonse kumakhala pa msinkhu umodzi. Pambuyo pa miyezi yambiri, masamba obiriwira amawoneka pamwamba pa gawo lapansi, ndiyeno timapepala timene tiwonekera. Pamene mbande imakula kufika masentimita asanu, imathamanga m'magawo osiyana.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Adani a Polypodium
Shchitovka - zipolopolo zofiira pa zimayambira ndi masamba, kuyamwa maselo osungunuka, chifukwa chake amawala, amauma ndi kufa. Mayendedwe oletsa: processing "Aktaroy" kapena "Aktellik".
Nkhumba ya kangaude imachoka pambali, ngati yopyozedwa ndi singano, masamba ndi kangaude. Zotsatira zoletsa: kuchotsa tizilombo sopo ndi sipulo mankhwala.
Ndi kuthirira mowa kwambiri, centipede imakhala ndi mizu zowola. Ngati vutoli lachitika, chotsani mizu ya matenda, kuwaza mapulani ndi phulusa ndikuyika chomeracho kumalo atsopano.
Mavuto angakhalepo
Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikufa - kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kutsika kwachinyezi m'nyengo yozizira kapena kuwala pang'ono.
Malangizo a masamba owuma - osakhala okwanira kapena madzi okwanira.
Masamba amafota ndipo amakhala osasinthasintha - dzuwa kwambiri.
Wiii chikasu ndi mapangidwe a brownish - malo otentha kwambiri.
Masamba amakula bwino ndipo nkhuku imakula bwino - yochepa kwambiri kapena yamaluwa aakulu, kusowa kwa zakudya.
Mapulotolo amatembenukira bulauni, kupiringa ndi kugwa, atsopano masamba akutha - drafts, malungo, kuthirira ndi madzi ovuta kapena ozizira.
Zothandiza
Mphuno ya polypodium wamba ("mizu yokoma") amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala. Lili ndi mafuta ofunikira, saponins, tannins, glucosides ndi maicic acid.
Mu wowerengeka mankhwala, zouma mizu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe a infusions pochizira chifuwa chachikulu, mantha, mphumu, chimfine, komanso chifuwa chachikulu, gout, ndi kuchotsa kudzimbidwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mizu ya centipede imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa mavenda ndi kupopera.
Ngakhale kuti polypodium imafuna chidwi kwambiri ndi kusamalidwa, ikhoza kusungidwa ngakhale ndi wamaluwa oyambirira.
Ndikofunikira kuti mupatse centipede ndi zifukwa zoyenera - ndipo pobwezera izo zimapatsa wolima kukongola kwa masamba ake otseguka.
