Momwe mungamangire nyumba yosintha ndi manja awo: malo, mitundu

Nyumba iliyonse yomanga nyumba kapena nyumba - imayamba ndi chipinda chothandizira, chomwe chimatchedwa "kukhetsa". M'nkhani ino tikambirana momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, tiyeni tiyang'ane pazithunzi zamangidwe ndi manja athu.

Nchifukwa chiyani mukusowa

Malo ogona ndi chilengedwe chonse, amatumikira monga chipinda cha zomangamanga ndi zakuthupi, malo obisala mvula, mukhoza kukhalamo usiku. Izi sizinthu zonse zomwe chipinda chitha kuchitapo; pambuyo pomanga, chingathandize:

• nkhokwe (yosungiramo zolemba);
• msonkhano;
• kusamba;
• khitchini yachilimwe;
• kutseka gazebo;
• nyumba ya alendo.

Malo

Kumalo kwa nyumbayo kumadalira cholinga chake mtsogolomu:

• Ngati ili ngati chipinda chachuma chosungiramo nkhuni, zipangizo ndi zinthu zina, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuikidwa pamene pali ufulu wofikira, panthawi yomweyo siziyenera kuonekera;
• Ndizofunikira kupeza malo ogwirira pafupi ndi nyumba kuti mukwanitse, popanda kuwononga nthawi yambiri, kulowa ndi kutuluka;
• Ndi bwino kuika sauna kapena kusamba m'nyumba ndi nyumba zina, kuyang'ana chitetezo cha moto;
• Pankhani ya kayendetsedwe ka nyumba yaing'ono kupita kumalo ena, malo ake adzakhala abwino pamene achoka m'deralo.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za m'mene mungamangire kusamba, chipinda chapansi pa galasi, velanda, wowonjezera mafelemu a zenera ndi polycarbonate, komanso kusamba kwa chilimwe, gazebo, mbiya yamatabwa.

Ukulu wa kukhetsedwa umadaliranso ndi mapulani a tsogolo, komanso momwe malo amachitira. Mulimonsemo, poyamba muyenera kuyembekezera kukhala ndi malo osambira, malo opumula, omasuka kwa anthu awiri, komanso malo odyera ndi mamita ochepa kuti akhale ndi zipangizo ndi zomangamanga. Zowonongeka ndi zosavuta, mwachitsanzo, 6x2.5x2.5 m.

Mitundu yamakono

Malingana ndi mfundo za njira ya msonkhano, pali chishango, chimango ndi zomangamanga.

Shield

Izi ndizokhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yaying'ono, zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zotsika mtengo komanso zochepa. Mu kutentha ndi mauthenga sizikuwonetsa. Ndi kuwala, kotsika mtengo komwe ndi kosavuta kunyamula kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yokha.

Makhalidwe

Chipinda chino chingakhale chachikhalire komanso chosatha. Zikhoza kusungidwa, kupereka madzi ndi magetsi. Pambuyo pogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake, iyo ikhoza kusandulika kukhala mthunzi kapena msonkhano. Sungani makonzedwe oterowo kuchokera mu barani yamatabwa ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 50 mm.

Matabwa

Cholinga chokhala ndi zolinga zambiri. Nyumba yaing'ono ingakhale ndi chilichonse chofunikira pa moyo: kuwala, madzi, bafa. Wood - zinthuzo ndi zodula, koma zimakhala zokondweretsa komanso zowonongeka, makamaka ndi zoyenera.

Ndondomeko Yomangamanga Yomangamanga

Kwa zomangamanga zidzafunikira zipangizo ndi zipangizo zomwe muyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Muyeneranso kujambula zojambula zomwe mukufuna.

Foundation

Pali mitundu itatu yokha ya maziko a chigawo chochepa:

• columnar - ili ndi mapulogalamu othandizira, njira yosavuta yopangira zomangamanga, idzamangidwira kupanga;
• tepi - imafuna nthawi yochuluka, katundu, ntchito yomanga, ngalande ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mawonekedwe akukonzekera kuchokera ku ndodo zowonjezera, zowonjezeredwa ndi konkire ndipo mkati mwa mwezi amadikirira kuti maziko ake akhale ndi konkire kuumitsa; Maziko awa ndi abwino kwa nyumba za njerwa ndi miyala;
• monolithic - imakhalanso ndi nthawi yambiri komanso mtengo (zopangira, konkire), zimakhala zovuta kuziyika ndekha, ubwino wa monolith ndi kuti malo ake amakhala ngati maziko a pansi.

Tidzakonza mtengo wamatabwa ndi nsanamira yake.

Kusambira maziko:

1. Poyang'ana chiwembu choyambirira, yesani miyeso ya maziko.
2. Kenaka nkhumba zimayendetsedwa pambali pazitali zonse ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito zimayimitsidwa.
3. Pansi pa zipilala iwo amakumba nambala yofunikira ya mabowo, ndi mtunda wina pakati pawo. Gravel imatsanulira pansi pa maenje, ndiye mchenga; "kunyamula" uku kumapangitsa dothi kusokonezeka pamene nyengo isintha.
4. Njerwa zimaikidwa pamchenga, zimangirizidwa pamodzi ndi matope. Pambali pa zipilalapangire simenti yoponyera.
5. Mbali zamakono za mmagazi zimayikidwa pa nsanamira zopanda madzi.
6. Kuchokera pamatabwa ya matabwa kumapangitsa kuti pansi pang'onong'ono komanso maziko a m'tsogolo.

Ndikofunikira! Popeza nyumbayo idzanyamula magetsi ndi madzi, m'pofunika kutenga njira zotetezera zipangizo zamatabwa kuchokera ku chinyezi ndi moto. Pali mankhwala apadera kuchokera ku chinyezi ndi kuvunda. Mankhwala oyambitsa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafuta adzagwiranso ntchito, pali kutengeka komwe kumatchedwa kutentha moto pamoto, zambiri zimateteza nkhuni ku tizilombo.

Makoma

Pambuyo poika maziko ndi kumanga pansi pansi, zothandizira zowononga zimapangidwa ndi matabwa okhala ndi mtanda wa 100x100 mm.

Mukamasonkhana, chonde onani kuti denga lokhazikitsidwa limodzi limakonzedwa, chifukwa izi, mipando yapambali siimayikidwa mu ndege yomweyo kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo, koma masentimita 50 apamwamba pamtunda wa denga. Timayika kanthawi kochepa kuti tipeze chithandizo.

Zochitika zina:

1. Timalimbitsa chimango ndi zowonjezereka zina, kumene timaganizira malo a zitseko ndi mawindo.
2. Timayika mizere iwiri pawindo lililonse ndi zitsulo zopingasa pamphepete mwa matabwa a 50x50 mm matabwa.
3. Timasintha kanthawi kochepa kuti tikhale osatha, kulimbitsa.

Denga ndi pansi

Zojambula za nyumba zing'onozing'ono zimagwiritsa ntchito miyala kapena mtunda umodzi. Pakuti denga lamatabwa lidzafuna zinthu zambiri ndi ntchito yambiri. Ubwino wa denga lamtunduwu mu malo omasuka pakati pa denga ndi denga la nyumbayi, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chipinda chapamwamba.

Phunzirani momwe mungapangire mtengowo ndi denga losanja, momwe mungapangire denga la mansard, momwe mungaphimbe denga ndi matayala ndi zitsulo zitsulo.

Kwa mtundu umene timasankha, denga lopangika lingakhale lokongola: zochepa zofunikira, kuchepetsa thupi.

Timasonkhanitsa denga:

1. Timachepetsa zipilala zogwiritsa ntchito matabwa 100x50 mm.
2. Timagwirizanitsa pansi ndi pamwamba pazitsulo ndi zojambulidwa, kuika pamphepete. Timayang'ana kutuluka kwa makoma khumi ndi masentimita (masentimita 15), kusoka mapeto ndi bolodi.
3. Kuchokera pamwamba timakhala timapepala ta plywood.
4. Pamwamba ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi zinthu zilizonse zotukuka komanso zosaphika.

Chitsanzo chachiwerengerocho. Timayika matabwa pansi, timayika pamtunda mpaka masentimita 60. Timamanga msomali wamatabwa kumbali yomwe ili pambali pa matabwa, omwe angakhale othandizira a subfloor. Kuyika kusungunula pansi mu chithunzi pansipa. Pambuyo pogona pansi pansi.

Mawindo ndi zitseko

Mukamangika chithunzicho ndikuwongolera mawindo pansi pa mawindo ndi chitseko, m'pofunikira kuti muyese bwino, gwiritsani ntchito mizere ndi mlingo kuti pasakhale chisokonezo pokhazikitsa mawindo ndi khomo. Mawindo ndi zitseko ayenera kulamulidwa pasadakhale, motsogoleredwa ndi miyeso yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pa kujambula kwa nyumba yofunikila.

Mukudziwa? Asanayambe mawindo a magalasi m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, mmalo mwa galasi, mawindo anali ataphimbidwa ndi filimu yowonongeka. M'zaka za zana la 17 zokha, mawindo aang'ono ozungulira omwe anali ndi mtsogoleri wotsogolera ankawonekera kukhoti ku France.

Magetsi

Kunja, magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi akuthamanga kupyola mumlengalenga, zikuwoneka ngati izi. Timayendetsa magetsi kunyumba. Kunja timalumikiza kachipupa pamtambo, kutero - chingwe chachikulu, kudzera mu dzenje limene lathamanga timathamanga chingwe mkati mwa chipinda.

Ndikofunikira! Kuteteza motsutsana ndi kutayika pakali pano kukhazikitsa RCD, ndiye njira yowonongeka yokha.

Kuti mukhale wiring mkati, mutha kugula njira zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndi yabwino komanso yosangalatsa. Kwa mzere umene umatsogolera ku heaters, mukufuna chingwe ndi mtanda waukulu, mwachitsanzo, 0,75 mita mamita. mm (malinga ndi gawo limodzi lokha) ndiloyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chokhala ndi mphamvu zoposa 2 kW.

Wiringolo amatsogolera m'makomawo amachitika mu chitsulo chamatabwa. Ikutsalira kukhazikitsa malo ofunikira omwe mukufuna. Musaiwale za kuunikira pamsewu.

Kutentha

Njira yabwino yosungirako Kutentha idzakhala yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, kupatsidwa magetsi. Kutentha chipinda chaching'ono chokwanira chokhala ndi mphamvu ya 1.5 kW. Ndibwino kuti musapulumutse pa chipangizocho, otengera mtengo wotsika amakhala opangidwa ndi zitsulo zoonda, zomwe, pamene zimatenthedwa, zimawomba phokoso lomveka. Ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi Maselo abwino kwambiri samapanga phokoso ndipo amagwira ntchito popanda kusokoneza. Kuika nkhuni zowonongeka sikuli koyenera, chifukwa nkhuni zimagula ndalama zoposa magetsi.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'pofunika upholster danga m'ng'anjo ndi zitsulo, kuti apange chimbudzi, chomwe chimafunikanso kusungidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi basalt fiber ndi malo otentha, ndipo izi ndizofunika zina.

Madzi

Popeza kuti kukonzedweratu kukonzekeretsabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'tsogolo, madzi sangakhale oposera. Mapaipi onse - mapulitsi ndi mafunde - amabweretsa pansi. Mabotolo ophikira mapaipi ayambe kutsogolo motsatira ndondomekoyi. Momwe izo zikuwonekera, yang'anani pa chithunzicho.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tanki yamadzi, mawonekedwe a mpweya, madzi otentha, kayendedwe ka madzi, komanso momwe mungapangire madzi kuchokera pachitsime.

Kutsirizira kwa kunja

Kuti amalize kumanga nyumba ya galu ndi zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito khoma. Okonza lero amapereka zipangizo zokhala ndi zowonongeka komanso zokhazikika:

• dulani kuchokera pamatope - sizingakhale zovuta kusonkhanitsa, zili ndi zinthu zowonongeka (tsamba 16-18%);
• kuyala - amadziwika ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyontho ndi 15%, zimakhala ndi grooves, zowonongeka zowonongeka;
• chipinda chouma - Kusankha bajeti, zopangidwa ndi conifers (spruce, pine);
• block house - Kuwongolera kutsanzira ndondomeko yozungulira kumawoneka okwera mtengo komanso okongola.

Pogwira ntchito, malingana ndi mfundo, mungafunike:

• chozungulira / jigsaw / handsaw for wood (yomwe ilipo);
• chopukusira;
• screwdriver ndi screws;
• zazikulu kapena zidutswa;
• mapulani a matabwa;
• gon;
• pensulo;
• wosakaniza;
• mlingo

Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge za momwe mungasankhire macheka, screwdriver, jigsaw, magetsi awona ndi chainsaw.

Sungani mapaipi am'chipinda chogulitsika pang'onopang'ono ndi pang'onopang'ono.

Pangani ntchito mwa dongosolo ili:

1. Ikani kagawo kakang'ono kakang'ono, kamene kamapereka mpweya.
2. Filamu yotetezera imayikidwa pa slats omwe amafika mpaka 15 masentimita.
3. Kenaka, chifukwa chowonjezera chosungunula choyikapo kanthu mbale OSB.
4. Gawo lotsiriza ndilo kukhazikitsa khoma.

Kutsiliza mkati

Kukongoletsa mkati kudzasowa zipangizo zofanana ndi za kunja. Kuonjezerapo, mudzafunika kusungira makoma - ubweya wa basalt.

Mukudziwa? Ubweya wa mchere unayambira chifukwa cha zomwe anaona wolemba mafakitale a ku England Edward Perry. Anawona kuti maselo ofiira a fibrous anapangidwa kuchokera ku splashes ya slag yosungunuka. Mu 1871, ntchito yoyamba yotenthayi inayambika ku Germany.

Zosankha zosakanikirana:

• mbale OSB - chinyezi chosagonjetsedwa, ndi chitetezo chotsutsana ndi kutentha;
• Chipboard (laminated) - sichikukhudzidwa ndi kutentha, chili ndi mtundu waukulu;
• MDF - kulekanitsa phokoso, kumatenga kutentha, zoyenera kubisa bafa.

Chipinda chamkati chimapangidwa malinga ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

1. Chigambacho chimakongoletsedwa ndi mbale za basalt zofiira zimalowetsedwa mu malo ake.
2. Pamwamba muli ndi filimu yoteteza.
3. Kenaka mbale zowakongoletsera zomaliza zakuthupi.
4. Gawo lotsiriza - lalitali, kuzungulira pakhomo la denga, pakhoma la makoma, pansi, lidzabisala ziwalo za mbale ndikulimbitsanso. Ngati pali chilakolako choyika mapepala ndi kuyala pansi linoleum pansi, ndiye kuti plinths ndizodzaza ntchito izi.

Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito botolo la pulasitiki, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mawindo apulasitiki, kuti muzitha kuika mawonekedwe pazenera, momwe mungayikiritsire chingwe ndi chosinthana, momwe mungayikire matabwa pansi ndi m'bwalo la bafa, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kutsikira kuti apange matabwa otentha, momwe angagwirire pansi pansi pansi pa laminate, linoleum ndi tile.

Zosiyanasiyana za nyumba: Pokhapokha, okhetsedwayo ndi chinthu chokhalitsa, koma ngati mumayang'ana mwakhama ndikumangirira, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zokhazikika, zokhala ndi zofunikira zoyankhulirana, nyumba yofunda. Momwe mungadziwire kuti zingakhale zothandiza bwanji.