Hazel wamba, nati kapena hazelnut - momwe mungakulire Hazel mdziko

Mpaka pano, siolima onse omwe amadziwa kuti hazelnut wodziwika bwino amatha kubzala pamalo ake mdziko muno, amalandila chaka chilichonse mbewu yathanzi komanso yokoma. Kodi Hazel - chitsamba kapena mtengo zimatengera zosiyanasiyana.

Mbiri yayifupi yachikhalidwe cha hazel

Ku Russia, zitsamba zodziwika bwino ndizofala m'nkhalango ndi malo otchedwa stepiga, kum'mwera kwa taiga, nkhalango zowoneka bwino, kumpoto kwa Caucasus. Ndi wa gulu la Hazel (Corylus) wa banja la a Birch. Ma hazel odziwika (Corylus Avellana) kutchire amapanga nkhongono, chifukwa zimafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi ana a mizu.

Hazel wamba

Kodi ma hazel wamba amawoneka bwanji

Kutalika kwa chitsamba chokulirapo kumafikira 2-5 m. Korona imatenga mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ovoid. Dongosolo lamizu ndi lamphamvu ndipo limakula makamaka molunjika. Masamba amazunguliridwa pang'ono mpaka 12 cm kutalika mpaka 9 cm mulifupi. Zachimuna (ndolo) ndi maluwa achikazi zimapangidwa patchire, chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu zitatu pafupi, komanso zabwinobwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zipatso - mtedza wolimba kwambiri ndi ma bracts obiriwira, ophatikizidwa m'magulu a ma 3-5 ma PC.

Zolemba Zamakalasi

Crohn imatha kupanga ngati mtengo kapena chitsamba. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 80-100. Kubala kumachitika mchaka chachisanu.

Kucha nthawi ndi zipatso

Maluwa pamodzi ndi masamba a chaka chamawa amabzalidwa yophukira pa mphukira zazing'ono. Masika, maluwa amayamba masamba asanafike, ndipo mungu wambiri umakopa njuchi. Mtedza zipse mu August - oyambirira September. Pafupifupi, chomera chimodzi chimabweretsa mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu, koma pali mbewu zina zomwe zimapanga 8 makilogalamu kuthengo.

Kukoma kwa mtedza

Mitengo yoyamba ikangoyamba kugwa, zokolola zimayamba. Zipatso zonse za hazel zimakololedwa nthawi imodzi ndikuyika malo owuma, amdima kuti ziume kwa milungu iwiri. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kukonza mbewu zokulitsidwa. Mutha kusunga mtedza wowuma kwa zaka 2-3. Kukoma kwa mtedza kumawoneka kosangalatsa kapena kosalowerera popanda kutulutsa kuwawa kapena kutsekemera, kumene kuphika kumawoneka ngati mwayi.

Zothandiza katundu

Mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira za hazel ndizowoneka bwino:

• bwino magazi;
• kumapangitsa mkaka wa m'mawere;
• normalizing kukakamiza;
• kubwezeretsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso mphamvu;
• Amathandiza pa matenda a impso mwala matenda, rheumatism ndi kuchepa magazi;
• ali ndi anthelmintic zotsatira;
• imalimbikitsa kukula kwa tsitsi;
• amathandizira ndi mitsempha ya varicose.

Hazel imadyedwa mwatsopano komanso yokazinga, yosakanizidwa ndi uchi, mafuta amapezeka.

Chilala komanso kukana chisanu

Mbande zazing'ono zaka zitatu zoyambirira za moyo zimakhala zosatetezeka kwambiri. Amakonzanso kuthirira ndi pogona kuti chisazizire chisanu. Tchire zakale sizimawopa chilala komanso chisanu (kukana kwa chisanu mpaka −40 ° С).

Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo

Hazel ali ndi nsabwe za m'masamba komanso kuwononga tizirombo tina. Mwa matenda, Powera mphutsi, dzimbiri ndi chovunda choyera zimayambitsa kwambiri masokedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza pamankhwala

Pazifukwa zamankhwala, hazel imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ibwezeretse mphamvu mofulumira pambuyo pa opaleshoni komanso matenda. Walnut ili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri zopatsa mphamvu, zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, fiber.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana

Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a hazel ndi:

• chosasunthika pakuwala, chimalekerera mchenga pang'ono;
• kukana chisanu (mpaka −40 ° С);
• zokolola zokhazikika;
• kuthamanga kwachilengedwe;
• kunyalanyaza kwa okhala pafupi ndi zitsamba zina ndi mitengo.

Zoyipa:

• kuyembekezera mbewu yoyamba yomwe kufesa mbewu kudzakhala ndi zaka zosachepera zisanu;
• zaka zitatu zoyambirira, mbande zimafunikira malo ogonera nthawi yozizira ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse.

Mitundu ina ya hazel ndi iti

Ponseponse, pafupifupi mitundu 20 imadziwika yomwe imalimidwa pokhapokha, pomwe zotsatirazi zimadziwika kuti ndizodziwika bwino.

Mtengo wa Hazel (Corylus colurna), kapena bere nati

Kuthengo, yogawidwa ku North Caucasus pakati pa mapiri. Hazel imamera ndi mtengo mpaka 20 m wamtali, wokhala ndi zaka 200, osapereka ana a mizu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi zovuta. Mtedza wamtali wolimba kwambiri umakhala mu zovala zosavuta. Zokolola zaka kusinthana ndi zaka 2-3 zakukwanira kwathunthu.

Chimbalangondo

Hazelnuts (Corylus Heterophylla)

Shrub 2-4 m wamtali. Zipatso zimapangidwa mu ma PC atatu. pa miyendo yayitali yopyapyala. Chovala cha mtedzawu chimakhala chobiriwira, chokongoletsera mawonekedwe chimafanana ndi belu. Dzinali limawonetsa kuti masamba amakhala osiyanasiyana: pamtambowo pamakhala zobiriwira zakuda komanso zopanda kanthu, ndipo otsika - mthunzi wopepuka komanso ma pubescent.

Hazel

Manchurian Hazel, kapena Siebold (Corylus Mandshurica)

Mtengo wa shrub 3-4,5 m uli ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa a mtedza: tubular, okwera kwambiri mpaka 6 cm. Chifukwa cha izi, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuchotsa mtedza ndizovuta zina. Mitundu yomwe ili pachikhalidwechi idalimidwa kuyambira 1882, koma ku Russia imapezeka makamaka ku zigawo za Moscow ndi Leningrad. Kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu mpaka −45 ° С.

Manchurian hazel

Hazelnuts (Corylus atropurpurea)

Mitundu yachilendo ya 2-3 m yomwe imakhala ndi masamba ofiira (ofiirira) idawotchedwa ku UK mu 1836. Imakhala yamtengo wapatali osati zipatso zazikulu zokha, komanso korona wokongoletsera yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Kulimbana ndi chisanu kumachepera pang'ono (mpaka −29 ° С).

Leafy hazel

Hazel yayikulu (Corylus maxima), kapena nati ya Lombard

Chingwe kapena mtengo kutalika kwa 3-10 m. Amakhala ndi mtedza wokulirapo (mpaka 2,5 cm), wokutidwa ndi kofiyira kofiyira kapena kobiriwira kamene kamakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi malo okhala ndi timiyala tambiri. Masamba amathanso kukhala obiriwira wakuda kapena burgundy.

Mafuta a lombard

Hazel wamba: Kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Odziwa odziwa zamaluwa amakonda kubzala tchire nthawi ya masabata angapo isanayambe chisanu. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mubweretse zipatso pafupi ndi chaka chimodzi.

Kubzala masika

Palibepo kusiyana kulikonse kuchokera mu njira ya malimwe, koma muyenera kukonzekera dzenje kuti mudzalime m'dzinja kuti dothi likhale lophatikizika bwino. Mmera uzikhala wolimba, koma osaphulika.

Yophukira

Njira zoyenera pang'onopang'ono zikuwoneka motere:

1. Mbande zimasankhidwa ndi mphukira zolimba za 3-4. Kutalika kwa mpweya wake ndi pafupifupi 50 cm.
2. Maenje amakumbidwa pamtunda wamtali pafupifupi 5 kuchokera pa wina ndi mnzake osachepera mwezi asanafike tsiku lodzala loyembekezeka ndi mulifupi wa 50-80 cm, kuya kwa 50-60 cm.
3. Nthaka yobwezeretsanso nyumba yakonzedwa molingana ndi mfundo iyi: dothi lofunikiralo limasakanizidwa ndi chidebe cha humus, ndikuwonjezera magalasi awiri a phulusa la nkhuni ndi dothi kuchokera ku tchire lakale la hazel, lolemedwa ndi microflora yofunikira.
4. Tsiku lisanafike kubzala, phesi limanyowetsedwa pamadzi, dongo komanso manyowa ochepa.
5. Khosi la muzu limakulidwa ndi masentimita 5 pamwamba pa nthaka.
6. Onetsetsani kuti mwakhomera msomali pachikhomo kwa nthawi yoyamba.
7. Mutadzaza mizu, chitsamba chimathiriridwa madzi ambiri.
8. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa mtedzawu ndi yolungika ndi peat kapena utuchi.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro cha nyengo

Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna chidwi kwambiri. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu, mtedza sufunika kusamalidwa, kupatula kudulira mwaukhondo, kuthirira ndi chilala.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Kuthirira nthawi yachilala kumafunika kawiri pamwezi. Thirani malita 10 amadzi pansi patchire. Tsiku lotsatira, nthaka pansi pa mtengowo uyenera kumasulidwa.

Maluwa osamalira

Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mphepo. Maluwa a hazel akatulutsa, mphete zachimuna zimabalalitsa mungu kwa masiku 12, ndipo maluwa achikazi amakhala otseguka mpaka masiku 14. China chochita pankhani ya chisamaliro pakadali pano sichofunikira.

Mankhwala othandizira

Tizilombo ta Hazel timavulala kwambiri. Afunika kuthandizira tchire ndi mankhwala atizirombo pasadakhale: karbofos, chlorophos kapena actellic. Kuyambira bowa, amathandizidwa ndi Kubwera kwa kasupe ndi mkuwa wa sulfate kapena madzi a Bordeaux.

Kudulira kwa Hazel

Mwa kukonza, mutha kupanga mtengo kapena chitsamba. Nthawi zambiri amawononga nthawi yozizira. Yesani kuchotsa nthambi zonse pomwe hazel imakula, ndikupanga kukula kwambiri. Zipatso zimapangidwa pokhapokha ngati mphukira zachaka chino. Zaka 20 zilizonse, kupangidwanso kwatsopano kumachitika, ndikusiya gawo lamtunda losapitirira 30 cm ndi mphukira zamphamvu komanso zathanzi.

Kukonzekera yozizira

M'zaka zitatu zokha zokha mutabzala mbande ndi zomwe zimafunikira kupanga malo othawirako nyengo yachisanu. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku chinsalu chaulimi, wokutira korona kapena wokutira panthaka ndikuwaphimba kuchokera kumtunda.

Kuswana

Ma Hazelnuts ndi mbewu zobzalidwa zomwe ndizosavuta kufalitsa ndi njira iliyonse yazomera. Sodzalidwa kawirikawiri ndi mtedza, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuneneratu kuti mbewu iti ituluka, ndipo zipatso kwa nthawi yoyamba zimachitika patatha zaka 10.

Kudula

M'nyengo yotentha, zodula za 10-12 masentimita zimadulidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zazing'ono zokhwima. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga mpaka mwezi umodzi kuti muzu, kenako mbandezo zimasunthidwa kumalo okhazikika.

Kugawa chitsamba

Chitsamba chimatha kukumbidwa ndikugawika magawo awiri. Chitani izi ndi mbeu zazing'ono (mpaka zaka 5) komanso masika.

Kuyika

Njira yayitali yokwanira. Amapinda pansi ndikukhomera makungwa pamalo ogwirira kuti athe kuzika mizu. Konzani mphukirayo ndi chopondera tsitsi ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Malo ano amathilira madzi ambiri chilimwe.

Chotuluka

Pambuyo pa zaka 3-4, chitsamba chimapereka mphukira yambiri, yomwe imakumbidwa ndikuyika malo ena kuyambira chiyambi cha chilimwe.

Kulowa Hazel Wamtchire

Kukhala ndi mbewu pamalopo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati scion pa hazel yomwe imakulitsa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula kwa Hazel

Zimadziwika kuti hazel hazel imavutika kwambiri chifukwa chakukula, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale njira zokulira bwino: dulira, chotsani mizu, osabzala mitengo yayitali kwambiri.

Kuchokera pamafotokozedwe omwe ali pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu kuti chifukwa chiyani Hazel sabala zipatso m'minda, ngati pali chitsamba chimodzi chokha. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mulibe mtedza wa hazel.

Matenda

Dzimbiri, zola yoyera ndi powdery mildew ndimatenda wamba omwe amachititsa kuti hazel idwala. M'pofunika kuchita woyamba chithandizo chaka chilichonse ukufalikira masamba ndi mkuwa sulfate kapena Bordeaux madzi. Chitaninso pambuyo pa masabata 2-4.

Tizilombo

Tizilombo ta tsamba la Walnut, kachilombo ka hazelnut barbel, nati weevil ndizovuta zazomera. Amalimbana nawo chimodzimodzi monga ndi nsabwe za m'masamba: amasamalira tchire ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides: phytoverm, karbofos, actellik. Chizindikiro chowopsa kwambiri ndi kupumphunika pa kotekisi, kuthawa kotero ndikwabwino kudula ndi kuwotcha.

Hazel wamba ndi chitsamba chosasangalatsa chomwe chimakhala ndi korona wokongola komanso chimapereka mtedza wabwino komanso wokoma chaka chilichonse. Kubzala m'mundamo lero si kovuta, nazale zimapereka mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana (mpaka 8 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse).