Monstera - chisamaliro chakunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi ndi mitundu

Monstera (Monstera) - Chomera chachikulu chokongoletsera masamba chokhala ndi masamba opaka bwino ndikudula masamba akuluakulu chimapezeka munyumba, nyumba, maofesi ndi malo ogulitsa mabuku. Monstera imakopa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni komanso kudzikuza. Dzinali limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Latin kuti "zodabwitsa", ndipo ndizovuta kutsutsana ndi izi.

Monstera ndi wopanga maluwa wobiriwira nthawi zonse kuchokera kubanja la Aroid. Dziko lakwawo ndi zigawo za South America ndi Central America: Panama, Brazil, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica.

Chomeracho chimakhala ndi thunthu lokwera ndi mizu ya mlengalenga. Masamba achichepere pa petioles zazitali ali athunthu, achikopa kukhudza. Kenako, mipata ndi mabowo a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake zimawonekera. Mtundu wa tsamba lamtambo ndi wobiriwira wakuda; pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga masamba. Inflorescence ndi cob wamkulu wazunguliridwa ndi chophimba. Amaluwa samakonda.

M'malo amkati, monstera imakula mpaka mamita 2-4, ndipo zomwe zingatheke zaka 4-5. Pachaka chimatulutsa ma sheet 2-3. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka 10 kapena kupitirira.

Zothandiza zimatha monstera

Masamba akuluakulu a monstera amatulutsa mpweya wabwino ndikuwonjezera chinyezi, zomwe zimakhudza ma microclimate mchipindacho.

Mtengowo umatenga nthunzi ya formaldehyde ndi ma radiation yama elekitiroma, imayendetsa mpweya.

Amakhulupirira kuti Monstera amakhudza bwino dongosolo lamanjenje ndikulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kusamalira chilombo kunyumba. Mwachidule

Kusamalira chilombo kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Kusamalira nyumba ya Monstera sikutanthauza kuchita mokwanira kwambiri. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira kwenikweni. Komabe, kuti mutenge zokongoletsera zokongola kwambiri kuchokera kwa iwo, muyenera kuyesa kubweretsa pafupi ndi malo omwe zimakhalira kuthengo.

Maluwa otuwa

Monstera inflorescence ndi cobokosi, cylindrical cob, wotalika 25 cm, wokutidwa pachikuto. Chimafanana ndi kufalikira kwa maluwa a calla kapena spathiphyllum. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri pamwambapa, ndipo amakhala osabala m'munsi. Zipatsozi ndi zofanana ndi coko la chimanga, mpaka 25 cm.

Amalawa ngati chinanazi kapena nthochi. Mtengo wamaluwa wokongoletsera ulibe.

M'malo mchipinda, mbeu zazikulu zokha zokha, zomwe zimamera pachimake, ndiye ndizosowa kwambiri.

Njira yotentha

Monstera amakonda kutentha. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwenikweni kwake ndi madigiri 20-25. Ndi kuwerenga kwa thermometer pamtunda wa madigiri 27, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chinyezi chambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umakhala momasuka madigiri 16-18. Ngati kutentha kwa thupi ndi kochepera pa 16 (kumatha kupirira kutsika kwa madigiri 10) - monstera imasiya kukula. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kwambiri kuthirira.

Makamaka nthawi yophukira-yozizira, duwa liyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambulajambula ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.

Kuwaza

Monstera kunyumba amakonda kwambiri chinyezi. Imasinthanso mpweya wouma kwakanthawi, koma imamverera bwino kwambiri pamene chinyezi sichotsika kuposa 60%.

Zomera zimayankha bwino kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndondomeko ikuchitika tsiku lina lililonse, ndipo kutentha kwambiri - tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi madzi okhazikika kapena osasefedwa firiji.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, masamba a masamba amapukutidwa ndi fumbi lokhala ndi nsalu yonyowa.

Kuwala

Monstera amakonda kuwala kowala bwino, koma popanda dzuwa lowongolera. Malo abwino ndi windowsw kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Kumwera chakumwera, ndibwino kuyika poto pafupi ndi zenera kuti mupewe kuwotcha masamba.

Amakhulupirira kuti chimphona chamnyumba chimalekerera bwino mthunzi ndipo chimatha kukula kumbuyo kwa chipindacho. Izi sizowona konse. Ngakhale chomera sichitha kufa ngati izi, chimataya zokongoletsera zake: tsinde lidzatambalala ndipo masamba adzaphwanyidwa.

Panthawi ya mthunzi kapena mawonekedwe amtundu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chilombocho chiwalidwe ndi nyali za phyto- kapena fluorescent, ndikuchikonza ngati tsiku lowala maola 12.

Kuthirira

Munthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, monstera imafunika kuthirira yambiri, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Kupukutira kotsatira ndikofunikira mutangomaliza kumera. M'nyengo yozizira, pafupipafupi kuthirira kumachepa: gawo lapansi mumphika liyenera kuuma ndi ¼.

Chomera sichimalola kuyanika dothi lonse, ndikukula kwambiri. Loyamba ndi lodana ndi kutayika kwa masamba turgor ndi kuyanika kwa malekezero awo, chachiwiri ndi kuola kwa mizu ndi matenda oyamba ndi tsinde.

Chamoyo Chamoyo

Kukula kwa poto kumatengera kukula kwa mbewuyo. Popeza kuti monstera ili ndi mizu yayikulu, mphikawo uyenera kukhala wokhazikika, wozama komanso wokhazikika. Kwa toyesa wamkulu, muyenera kusamalira miphika yayikulu kapena matumba amatabwa.

Poika, ndikuyenera kusankha mphika womwe ungakhale wokulirapo masentimita 3-5 mulifupi kuposa woyamba. Kuvomerezedwa kukhalapo kwa mabowo amkati mwake.

Ground for monstera

Monstera kunyumba amakonda nthaka yomasuka, yachonde yomwe imatenga chinyezi ndikulola mpweya kuti udutse. Mutha kugula gawo lapansi la monster kapena kanjedza.

Ngati mungathe kukonza osakaniza nokha, mutha kusankha imodzi mwanjira:

• Dziko la Sodomu, peat, humus, mchenga ndi pepala pamlingo wa 3: 1: 1: 1: 1;
• Peat, malo okhala ndi mchenga wowuma kapena perlite (1: 2: 1);
• Dziko la Sodomu, peat, humus ndi mchenga wofanana.

Kudzisakaniza kodzikonzekeretsa ndikofunika kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ofooka a potaziyamu.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Nthawi zazitali za monstera safuna zakudya zina zowonjezera. Akuluakulu amayenera kukumana ndi ubweya nthawi yakula ndi chitukuko (kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala) kamodzi pakadutsa masabata atatu aliwonse. Ma feteleza ovuta pazomera zodalirika ndi abwino.

Nthawi 1-2 pachaka, kuvala mchere kumatha kusinthidwa ndi organic, mwachitsanzo, yankho la mullein.

Kupatsira Monstera

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mwana wamwamuna wamkazi azisokosera chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka, zoyerekeza zachikulire - kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-4. Ngati kusintha kwazitini sikutheka chifukwa cha kukula kwazomera, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha dothi pamwamba (masentimita 5-7) pachaka.

Kuika nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi transshipment kuti isawononge mizu yosalimba. Mizu yocheperako sinakonzedwenso, koma imatumizidwa pansi, kenako nkuwaza ndi dothi. Pansi pamphika, ndikofunikira kuyika zigawo za 4-5 masentimita kuti muchotse acidization ya dziko lapansi. Mu mtundu wake, miyala, miyala, njerwa zosweka, dongo lotukulidwa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kudulira

Duwa lanyama silifuna kudulira pafupipafupi kapena kuwongola korona kunyumba. Ngati ndi kotheka, chepetsa masamba oyanika kale, izi zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano.

Ngati monstera ndi wautali kwambiri, kapena mukungofuna kulimbikitsa nthambi zake, mutha kudula pamwamba pa chomeracho.

Popeza kuti monstera ndi mpesa kuti usaswe, ndikofunikira kumuthandiza. Itha kukhala bamboo kapena ndodo wamba. Chithandizochi chitha kulungidwa ndi moss chonyowa ndikunyowa nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi zipatsa mbewu yake chinyezi chowonjezera. Phesi silimamangika mwamphamvu kuthandizo mothandizidwa ndi mapasa.

Kodi ndizotheka kusiya chilombo osachokapo? Zoyenera kuchita ngati patchuthi?

Monstera ikhoza kulekerera kusowa kwa chisamaliro kwa milungu 3-4. Musanachoke, muyenera kuthirira mbewuyo mochuluka, ndikuiyika mu thirakiti ndi moss yonyowa kapena dongo lokulitsa kuti pansi lisakhudze madzi. Pamwamba pa dothi mutha kuphimbidwa ndi chonyowa moss ndikuwapatsanso dzuwa.

Kubala Monstera

Monstera imafalikira kunyumba m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: ndi zodula komanso zoyikiramo mpweya.

Kufalitsa kwa Monstera ndi odulidwa

Monstera imafalikira ndi zonse ziwiri zomwe zimadulidwa. Nthawi yabwino ndi masika, kuyamba kwa chilimwe.

Shank imayenera kukhala ndi malo amodzi komanso tsamba lokhwima (moyenera 2-3). Kupezeka kwa mpweya muzu primordium ndikulandiridwa. Zodula zazifupi mwachangu. Kudula kwapamwamba kuyenera kukhala molunjika pamwamba pa impso, m'munsi - oblique, 1-1.5 masentimita pansi pamunsi mwa pepala.

Zidula zouma kwa ola limodzi, kenako ndikuzibzala mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi perlite. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena mtsuko wagalasi ndikuyiyika pamalo abwino (koma osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa) ndi malo otentha (24-26 madigiri). Wobiriwira nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. Pakatuluka tsamba latsopano, limasungidwira mumphika wina nthawi zonse.

Mizu yamadzi ikhoza kuchitika m'madzi, kuwonjezera mapiritsi ochepa a kaboni wochititsidwa. Pambuyo pamasabata atatu, atawonekera ngati mizu, phesi limabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.

Kufalitsa kwa Monstera pomayala

Pamaso pa khungubwi la tsinde, chikhomera chimapangidwa pansi pa tsamba, osatsika ndi 60 cm kuchokera pansi. Tsambalo limakutidwa ndi chonyowa ndipo nthawi zonse limakhala lonyowa. Pakupita milungu ingapo, mizu yaying'ono iyenera kuwonekera pamalo omwe tsambalo limapangidwira. Tsinde limadula masentimita angapo pansi pamizu iyi ndipo limabzalidwa mumphika umodzi.

Chifukwa chake nthawi yaying'ono yokhazikika imakhazikitsidwa. Ndipo "mayi" chomera posachedwa amasula mphukira zatsopano.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera, monstera nthawi zina imagwidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Nawa mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Mizu ya Monstera imavunda - acidization nthaka chifukwa chothirira kwambiri.
• Masamba a Monstera amasanduka chikasu - kutentha kochulukirapo kapena chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka.
• Monstera ikukula pang'onopang'ono - Kusowa kwa kuwala komanso / kapena mchere.
• Masamba osasowa - Kusowa kwa kuyatsa ndi / kapena michere.
• Masamba a Monstera ali ndi nsonga zofiirira, zouma - chinyezi chochepa m'chipindacho.
• Madontho a bulauni pamasamba - Kutentha kochepa ndi / kapena kuwotcha chifukwa cha kuwunika kwamawanga.
• Masamba otuwa a Monstera - kuyatsa kwambiri.
• Masamba otsika amasanduka achikasu ndikugwa - Masoka kukula ndi kusasitsa maluwa.
• Masamba ophika amakhala ngati pepala komanso bulauni. - mphika wawung'ono.
• Masamba opunduka - kuthirira ndi madzi olimba.

Mwa tizirombo, akangaude, ma scutellum ndi aphid amatha kuwopseza monstera.

Mitundu ya monstera yakunyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Chosangalatsa kapena Monstera Monstera (Monstera deliciosa)

M'zipinda amakula mpaka 3 metres, m'malo obiriwira - mpaka mamita 12. Masamba achichepere a mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima ali ndi m'mbali yolimba, akuluakulu - opangidwa mwamphamvu ndi mabowo. Dawo lamapulogalamu lazamba limafikira masentimita 60. Bokosi la inflorescence, lalitali pafupifupi 25 cm, limazunguliridwa ndi chophimba choyera. Chipatsochi chimapsa pakatha miyezi 10, chimafanana ndi chinanazi pakoma ndi kununkhira.

Monstera oblique (Monstera Obliqua)

Masamba okutidwa ndi mabowo akuluakulu amakhala ndi lanceolate kapena elliptical mawonekedwe. Amafika kutalika kwa 20 cm, m'lifupi mwake masentimita 6. Kutalika kwa petiole mpaka 13 cm. Hafu imodzi ya masamba amtundu ndi yayikulu pang'ono kuposa inayo. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitundu. The inflorescence ndi yaying'ono, mpaka 4 cm.

Monstera Adanson (monstera adansonii)

Kutalika, kumatha kufika 8 metres. Masamba owonda ali ndi mawonekedwe ovoid okhala ndi mabowo ambiri, m'mphepete samatayidwa. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba kumatha kusiyana 25 mpaka 55 cm, m'lifupi mwake ndi 20 mpaka 40. Khutu, lalitali masentimita 8 mpaka 12, limazunguliridwa ndi khoma lowala pamabedi achikasu.

Monstera Borsigiana (monstera borsigiana)

Zimayambira ndizochepa thupi kuposa za monstera wokongola. Yadulanso masamba owoneka ngati mtima ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 30 cm. Mtundu - wobiriwira wakuda. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga masamba. Mwachitsanzo, Monstera Borzig mosagate.