Mpaka posachedwa, mphesa zimangowona ngati zipatso zakumwera. Koma tsopano, obereketsa adabzala mitundu yosagwirizana ndi ozizira omwe amamera bwino ndikubala zipatso osati ku Russia kokha, komanso ku Urals, Siberia, ndi Far East. Komanso, pankhani yakoma ndi zokolola, atha kupikisana ndi mitundu yamphesa yakum'mwera. Bazhena ndi wosakanizidwa watsopano womwe wakwanitsa kale kutchuka pakati pa alimi amateur.
Kodi mphesa za Bazhena zimawoneka bwanji
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mphesa za Bazhen ndizopeza wobereketsa waku Amateur waku America wopitilira zaka 20 wazaka V.V. Zagorulko "Makolo" ake ndi mitundu iwiri ya chikhalidwe ichi omwe ndi odziwika kwambiri m'malo a Soviet - Arkady ndi Zaporozhye Mphatso. Choberekedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mitundu yatsopanoyi idatchuka mwachangu pakati pa opanga mphesa zam'madzi chifukwa chodzikongoletsa posamalira, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a zipatso komanso kukoma kwa zipatso. Anamupatsanso dzina loti "Chozizwitsa Choyera."
Bazhena - mphesa zowetedwa ndi obereketsa amateur
Bazhena - mphesa za gome. Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zipatso komanso kuwotcha kunyumba. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi fungo labwino, chifukwa chake zimaphatikizira, kupanikizana, kuteteza, mavinyo amapeza kukoma komwe kumafanana ndi apulo kapena chitumbuwa. Zimatengera momwe zipatsozo zinali. Fotokozani kukoma ndi kuwala piquant wowawasa.
Mphesa zopanga tokha za Bazhene zimasunga kukoma komwe mumakhala ndi zipatso
Mabisiketi a Bazhen ndi akulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa tsango ndi pafupifupi 0.7 kg. Ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi komanso nyengo yabwino nthawi yotentha, chiwerengerochi chimatha kufika 1.5-2 kg ngakhale zina. Kuyeserera kumawonetsa kuti kukulira burashi, zipatso zambiri kumakhala. Uwu ndi katundu wofunika kwambiri pa mtengo wa mpesa, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kumangiriza gulu. Pa mphukira iliyonse tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya imodzi, yayitali 2-3 mabulashi. Mpesa umathanso "kukoka" katundu wambiri, koma kuwononga zipatso zake. Amakomoka ndi kununkha.
Kapangidwe ka tsangoyo ndi kwamtali, kofanana ndi chulu kapena silinda. Nthawi zambiri, imakhala yotayirira, motero zipatso zake zimayatsidwa ndi dzuwa pang'ono kapena pang'ono. Mphesa sizimasweka, ngakhale nthawi yotentha ikakhala mvula, yakucha, imapachika pamtengo osapsa kwa milungu iwiri. Kusintha kwa kutentha sikuwakhudza.
Mphesa za Bazhen ndizazikulu, chisamaliro choyenera zimachulukirachulukira
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosi ndi 10 g, toyimira payekha ndi mpaka 15-20 g. Masanjidwewo ndi ovoid kapena cylindrical (kutalika - 4 cm kapena pang'ono, mulifupi - 2.2-2.5 cm). Khungu limakhala lopyapyala, lamtundu wobiriwira pomwe limayamba ndipo limasintha ku saladi-chikasu. Kunja, Bazhena ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Arcadia, koma zipatso zake zimakhala zokulirapo kawiri. Katswiriyu ndiwofatsa kwambiri, wokhathamira, okoma. Imakhala ndi kukoma ndi kununkhira komwe kumagwirizana ndi uwu wosakanizidwa. Makhalidwe abwino a mphesa ndi akatswiri adavotera kwambiri - ndi 4.5 akuwonetsa kuchokera zisanu zomwe zingatheke.
Zipatso zochokera ku mphesa za Bazhen zimawoneka bwino kwambiri, malingaliro amakoma nawonso amavoteredwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri
Mpesawo ndi wamtali kwambiri. Mphukira ndi zamphamvu, koma amafunikirabe "thandizo" la wam'munda kuti azigwira manja olemera. Masamba ndiwobiriwira owoneka bwino, apakatikati. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri, kupukutira mungu kumachitika palokha. Mlingo wakucha wa mipesa uli pafupifupi 80-85%. Kwa mphesa, ichi ndi chizindikiro chabwino. Monga lamulo, palibe mavuto ndi kubereka; kudula kosakanizidwa kumakhala mizu mosavuta.
Mphesa za Bazhen ndizitali kwambiri, mpesa wamphamvu uyenera kuthandizidwa
Bazhena ndi mphesa zoyambirira. Zimatenga masiku 100-110 kuti zipse zipatso. Kumudzi kwawo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana (Ukraine), zokolola zimakolola m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za Ogasiti, m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri - kumapeto kwa mwezi uno kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Ngakhale kuti khungu la zipatso ndi locheperako, amalola mayendedwe ake bwino ndipo amasungidwa. Zipatso zoyambirira zitha kuyembekezeka patatha zaka zitatu mpesa ubzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Zipatso za mphesa za Bazhen zimalekerera mayendedwe, musakhale ndi vuto la nyengo
Wophatikiza amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Samadwala matenda wamba komanso owopsa pachikhalidwe monga imvi zowola. Kukana mpunga ndi oidium sikulinso koyipa - 3,5 point out of tano. Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi bowa, chithandizo cha prophylactic ndi chokwanira. Os Bazhena alibe chidwi kwenikweni - amachita mantha ndi kununkhira komwe kunabadwa mu zipatso. Tiyenera kumenya nkhondo makamaka ndi mbalame. Chinanso chomwe chimabweza chidwi ndicho chizolowezi chogonjetsa phylloxera. Zodulidwa za Bazheny sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe m'malo omwe mawonekedwe a tizilombo adadziwika ngati zaka zosakwana 4-5 zidutsa.
Dziko la Bazheny ndi Ukraine. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira mpaka -21-24ºะก ndikwanira nyengo yamderali. Koma kuchita kumawonetsa kuti wosakanizidwa amapulumuka bwino ndipo amabala zipatso nthawi zambiri ku Russia. Ndikofunikira kuti mumupatse pogona pabwino nthawi yozizira. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa mipesa yaying'ono yosakwana zaka zisanu. Njira ina ndikubzala phesi ya Bazheny mu mphesa zambiri zosagwira chisanu. Koma machitidwe oterowo amafuna kuti wosamalira mundawo azidziwa bwino. Komanso pamenepa, nthawi yakucha ya zipatso imatha kukula.
Kukolola kwakukulu kwa mphesa za Bazhen kumapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yosangalatsa osati yamaluwa amateur, komanso kwa iwo omwe amalima mbewu pamakampani ambiri
Kanema: Kufotokozera kwa mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mphesa za Bazhen
Kutambalala ndi kukonzekera
Bazhena, monga mphesa zina zilizonse, ndimtchire wopepuka komanso wotentha. Pa chikhalidwe, malo owala bwino amasankhidwa. Ndikofunika kuti muziike pamalo otsetsereka a kumwera kwa phiri lofatsa, pafupi ndipamwamba. Mwapadera madera aliwonse osakhala abwino, komwe madzi osungunuka amayimilira kwa nthawi yayitali kumapeto kwa nthawi, ndipo nthawi yonse yomwe mpweya wozizira ungakhale. Komabe mpesa sukonda kusodza. Komanso, pamtunda winawake (2-2,5 m) kuchokera pa mpesa, paliponse pazotchingira kapena zopangira zomwe zingadziteteze ku mphepo popanda kuwatchingira. Ndibwino ngati apangidwa ndi miyala kapena njerwa. Kuwotha masana, kumapereka kutentha ku mbewu usiku.
Malo a mpesawo amasankhidwa kuti malowo azitenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa ndipo mbewuzo zimakhala ndi malo okwanira chakudya
Palibe zofunika zapadera za mtundu wa nthaka ya Bazhen. Dziko lakuda ndilabwino mphesa, amathanso kupsa panthaka zosauka. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti gawo lapansi ndilopepuka, limadutsa bwino madzi ndi mpweya. Mulingo wa asidi-msingi ndi 5.5-7.0. Mizu ya mbewu ndiyamphamvu, motero pansi pamadzi payenera kukhala osachepera 4-5 mamilimita kuchokera panthaka. Kupanda kutero, kukula kwa mizu zowola ndikothekera kwambiri.
Mitengo ya Bazhena ndi yayitali kwambiri, motero imasiya masamba osachepera 5 pakabzala mbewu. Mtunda womwewo umasungidwa pakati pa mizere yobzala. Ndibwino kwambiri kuiwonjezera mpaka 6-7 m, ngati dera lamalo lilola. Mitengo yazipatso yapafupi iyenera kukhala osachepera 5 m, mpaka zitsamba - pafupi 2 m.
Nthawi yomweyo, malo ayenera kuperekedwa kuti akhazikitsidwe kwa trellis. Kupanda kutero, mipesa singathe kupirira. Njira yosavuta kwambiri ndi mapaipi achitsulo kapena pulasitiki aang'ono kwambiri okumbidwira pansi ndi waya wokutambirani pamwamba. Yemwe wapansi ili pamtunda wa 50-70 cm kuchokera padziko lapansi, ndiye - 120-140 cm ndi 180-220 cm. Kutalika kwa trellis kumakuthandizani kuti musinthe kutalika kwa chitsamba cha mphesa, chomwe chimathandizira kwambiri chisamaliro.
Bazhenu ikhoza kubzalidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Njira yoyamba ndiyookhayo yomwe ingatheke kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Pamenepo ndikosatheka kuneneratu kuti chisanu chidzabwera liti. Ndipo nthawi yachilimwe, mbewuyo imakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira moyo watsopano. Nthawi yoyenera ya njirayi ndi theka loyamba la Meyi. Pakadali pano, mpweya uyenera kutentha pang'ono mpaka 15 ° C, ndipo dothi lakuya pafupifupi 10 cm - mpaka 10-12 ° C.
Kubzala kwa njerezi kumachitika makamaka kumudzi kwawo kosakanizidwa. Muziwakonda kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti padatsala miyezi iwiri kuti chisanu chisazizidwe. Monga mukuwonetsera, mpesa wobzalidwa kasupe umakula msanga, koma nthawi yophukira pali mitundu yambiri yosankha.
Mbande zakubadwa wazaka ziwiri sizikhala bwino. Bwino kubzala zinthu zadula kapena zoyera mizu, mphukira ndi letesi, makungwa osalala, otanuka, owoneka bwino, osakhazikika kapena osakwinyika, popanda mawanga ofanana ndi nkhungu kapena zowola. Onetsetsani kuti mphukira zingapo zomwe siziyenera kugwa mukakhudzidwa. Saplings zimagulidwa kokha m'masitolo apadera, malo ogulitsa, ndi malo ena odalirika. Pakadali izi pokhapokha mutatha kubzala zinthu zabwino.
Mbewu za mphesa zimagulidwa kuchokera kwa othandizira odalirika okha
Dzenje lokhazikika limakonzedwa pafupifupi masabata 3-4 njira isanakonzekere. Ndipo ndi kubzala kwa masika - ambiri kuchokera kugwa. Dongosolo la mizu ya Bazheny ndi lamphamvu, kuya kwambiri ndi 80-90 cm. Nthawi zina wamaluwa wamaluwa amabzala mphesa m'ngalande za 50 cm, koma njirayi sichichitidwa kawirikawiri.
Kukonzekeretsa dzenjelo motere. Pansi pake pamafunika dongo lakuya masentimita 10. Zinthu zoyenera ndi zokulitsidwa ndi dongo, shards zadongo, miyala yamtengo wapatali, njerwa zosweka, ndi zina zotero. Muyenera kukumbukiranso kukumba pulayipi ya pulasitiki yaying'ono - kudzera mmenemo mbewuyo imalandira madzi. Iyi ndiye njira yabwino yothirira mphesa. Kutalika kwa chitolirocho kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti mutadzaza dzenjelo, umatulutsa masentimita 10-15 pamwamba panthaka.
Damu limakakamiza pansi pa dzenje la mphesa kuti madzi asamire pamizu
Pafupifupi 10 cm ya nthaka yachonde yopanda chonde imathiridwa pansi pa dzenjelo, kuchokera pamwamba - pafupifupi msanganizo womwewo wa humus ndi peat crumb (1: 1) ndi kuphatikiza kwa 120-150 g wa manyowa osavuta, 80-100 g wa feteleza wa potaziyamu wopanda chlorine ndi 150-200 g wa dolomite ufa. Izi zikuyenera kubwerezedwanso ndikudzaza keke yosanjikiza ndi dothi wamba. Kenako, malita 50-70 amadzi ofunda amathiridwa mu dzenje ndikusiya, atakutidwa ndi zinthu zilizonse zopanda madzi. Kuphatikiza feteleza m'malo mwa phulusa la nkhuni (pafupifupi 0,5 l). Gawo lamchenga lopepuka kwambiri limasakanizika ndi dongo la ufa; mchenga wowuma umawonjezeredwa ndi dothi lolemera.
Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka
Njira yodzala mbande zam'mphesa m'nthaka yakeyake sizimasiyana pakuvuta kwake:
- Tsiku lotsatira njirayi isanachitike, mbande zimachotsedwa mumtsuko, zimayesedwa ndipo mizu yathanzi imafupikitsidwa pafupifupi 3-4 cm. Kutalika kwawo sikuyenera kupitirira 15-18 cm. Kenako zimawaviika mu yankho la biostimulant iliyonse ndikuphatikiza makristasi angapo a potaziyamu permanganate. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zokonzekera zogula zogulira (Epin, potaziyamu humate, Zircon) ndi wowerengeka azitsamba (madzi a aloe, uchi, presinic acid). Izi ndizofunikira kulimbitsa chitetezo chomera, kupewetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
- Maola 3-4 asanabzalidwe, mizu imayikidwa mu zamkati kuchokera ku dongo la ufa limaphatikizidwa ndi madzi ndikuwonjezeranso feteleza aliyense malinga ndi vermicompost (5-7 ml pa lita). Mwa kusasinthika, misa iyi imafanana ndi zonona wowawasa kwambiri. Amamupatsa nthawi kuti aume.
- Pafupifupi ola limodzi asanabzalidwe, nthaka m'nthaka yobzala imathiriridwa madzi ambiri. Pakanyowa chinyezi, mtunda waung'ono umapangidwa pansi. Mmera umayikidwa pamwamba, ndikufalitsa mizu kuti iwongoke, osangodzikakamatira. Iyenera kupendekeka pakona 40-45º. Chosiyana ndi kudula mpaka 25 cm, amaikidwa molunjika. "Chidendene" cha muzu chimayang'ana kum'mwera, masamba ophukira amayang'ana kumpoto.
- Pang'onopang'ono dzenjelo limadzazidwa ndi dothi, ndikudzaza ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono. Mmera umayenera kugwedezeka nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo nthaka - yoyendetsedwa mosamala ndi manja anu kupewa mapangidwe "otulutsa" mpweya. Pochita izi, onetsetsani kuti simugona m'khosi. Iyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 5 cm pamtunda.
- Pogona tulo mpaka kumapeto, dothi limapangidwanso bwino. Mphesa zochuluka (30-40 l) madzi. Madziwo akatengeka, bwalo loyandikira lomwe limakhala ndi mainchesi 60 limakhala lachifundo ndi peat tchipisi, utuchi wabwino, humus, ndi udzu watsopano. Mutha kuyimanganso ndi pulasitiki wakuda. Mphukira zomwe zilipo zikufupikitsidwa, kusiya masamba atatu akukula. Mpaka mmera utayamba kukula, umakutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki.
Kubzala mphesa m'nthaka kumasiyana pang'ono ndi njira yofanana ya mbewu zina
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire mmera wa mphesa
Malangizo a Zakusamalira Mbewu
Mphesa za Bazhen ndizodzipereka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazabwino zake zosakayikitsa. Komabe, kukolola zochuluka ndizosatheka popanda chisamaliro choyenera. Palibe chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri pakulima kwa mphesa, koma muyenera kuphunzira zoyambitsa kukula.
Kuthirira
Bazhena, monga mphesa zina zilizonse, amakonda chinyezi. Makamaka kuthirira nthawi zonse kumafunika mipesa yosabala. Njira zabwino ndi kudzera mapaipi apulasitiki omwe anakumba mu dothi. Kuchepetsa madzi sikukulola kunyowetsa dothi lakuya mokwanira, kukonkha kuyenera kupewedwa chifukwa choti kugwa pamasamba kumatha kubweretsa kukula. Pokhapokha kuthekera kwaukadaulo, madzi amathiridwa m'madzi am'madzi, apafupi kwambiri omwe ali osachepera 50 cm kuchokera kumunsi kwa mphukira.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba pamnyengo, mphesa zimathiriridwa madzi akangosungidwa nthawi yozizira. 40-50 l madzi amamwetsedwa pachomera chilichonse. Mutha kuwonjezera phulusa 0,5 l la phulusa la nkhuni. Kenako njirayi imagwiridwa masiku 10-12 isanafike maluwa ndipo itangotha.
Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kwa nthawi yoyamba, izi zikuchepetsa "kudzuka" kwa mphesa kuchokera nthawi yozizira "hibernation", motero, chiwopsezo chakuti mbewuyo idzagwa nthawi yachisanu ikadzayamba kutentha idzagwa. Madzi ofunda, mosiyana, amathandizira kuphukira kukula mofulumira.
Mitundu ikangoyamba kupeza mtundu wamitunduyi, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa. Nthawi yotsiriza mphesa zikathiriridwa ndi sabata limodzi pokhapokha nthawi yozizira, ngati nthawi yophukira ili youma komanso yotentha. Kuthirira komwe kumadziwika kuti kumakhala kuyesa nyemba kumachitika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 70-80 a madzi pachomera chilichonse.
Mipesa yaying'ono imathiriridwa mwanjira ina. Munthawi zitatu zoyambilira mutabzala, nthaka imanyowetsedwa sabata iliyonse, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 5-20 amadzi pachomera chilichonse, kutengera kutentha kwake kunja. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi usiku wamadzulo dzuwa litalowa. Mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pa udzu woponderezedwa. Ikayamba kuuma, ndi nthawi yothirira mphesa.
Thirani mphesa kuti inyowetse nthaka mwakuya, muzu wa mbewuyo ndi wamphamvu ndipo umapangidwa
Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5, pofika pakati pa chilimwe, njira zomwe zimatsanulira pakati zimachulukitsa. Pakutha kwa Ogasiti amayimitsidwa paliponse, chomera chimagawidwa ndi mpweya wachilengedwe. Kuti achite ulimi wothirira madzi kapena ayi, wolima mundawo amasankha yekha, poganizira momwe nthawi yophukira imaliri.
Mphesa uliwonse umakhala ndi mizu yolimba. Mizu imalowa mu dothi osachepera 5-6 m. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imalekerera chilala bwino kuposa chinyezi chowonjezera. Kufetsa nthaka yomwe ilibe nthawi yowuma kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa mizu. Choyipa chachikulu chomwe mlimi angachite ndikuthirira minda ya mpesa kapena kuthirira, pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri.
Nthawi iliyonse mutathirira, nthaka imamasulidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, kukonzanso mulch wosanjikiza. Ndi zoletsedwa kuthirira mphesa nthawi yomweyo isanayambe kapena maluwa. Masamba ochokera pamtambo awa amawonekera kwambiri. Komanso, sizichitika pokhapokha nyengo yokolola isanakonzekere. Zipatsozo zimatha kusweka, mnofu wake umakhala wamadzimadzi, ndipo kukoma kwake sikungatchulidwe. Madzi othirira ayenera kutenthedwa, koma pang'ono. Kuzizira kwambiri kumalepheretsa kukula kwa mipesa, kutentha - kumalimbikitsa mbewu kuti ipange gawo lobiriwira.
Ntchito feteleza
Feteleza wobetchera dzenje mu nthawi yobzala, mpesawo uzikhala wokwanira nyengo zina zitatu zotsatila. M'tsogolomu, zowonjezera zinayi pachaka ndizokwanira chomera. Mitundu ya Bazhena imayankha bwino feteleza onse a michere ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, motero amatha kusinthidwa.
Nthawi yoyamba feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pouma. Kusakaniza kwa 40-50 g kwa superphosphate yosavuta, 30-40 g wa urea ndi 20-30 g wa potaziyamu sulfate imayikidwa m'matumba akuya 25-30 cm, opangidwa kutali ndi 0.5 m kuchokera kumunsi kwa mphukira. Kenako amafunika kuwazidwa ndi humus kapena nthaka yachonde chokha.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba ndi kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa atsopano, ndowe za nkhuku, masamba a nettle kapena dandelion. Konzani kwa masiku atatu mchidebe chophimba. Musanagwiritse ntchito, sankhani ndi kuwiritsa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 10 kapena 1:15, ngati ndi dontho. 10 l ndikwanira chomera chimodzi. Chitani njirayi masiku 7-10 musanakhale maluwa. Zitatha izi, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni samathandizanso. Kuchuluka kwawo kumapangitsa mpesawo kupanga unyinji wobiriwira kuti uwononge chipatsocho.
Kulowetsa kwa nettle kumakhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi macroelements ena ofunikira kuti phulusa la mphesa liphulike
Zipatso zikangofika kukula kwa nandolo, kuvala kwamtundu wapamwamba kumachitika. Feteleza wa Potash (20-30 g) ndi phosphoric (40-50 g) amagawidwa pansi pa mbeu pouma kapena kuchepetsedwa mu 10 l lamadzi. Imabwerezedwanso masiku 15-20 nthawi yokolola isanachitike.
Patatha mwezi umodzi kutulutsa zipatso, kamodzi pa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, humus (pafupifupi 50 l) ndi phulusa lamatanda (atatu lita imodzi) amagawidwa pagawo loyandikira. Zitangochitika izi, gawo lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa kwambiri kapena kukumbidwa.
Phulusa la nkhuni ndimtundu wachilengedwe wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu
Kuphatikiza pa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, Bazhena amafunikiranso zina. Mutha kukonzekera mwayekha njira yothetsera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupukusira mu lita imodzi ya madzi 1-2 g ya potaziyamu permanganate, boric acid, sulfate kapena zinc sulfate. Ngati mpesa umera mu dothi lamchenga, onjezani dontho la ayodini.
Ma feteleza ovuta nawonso ndi oyenera (Florovit, Novofert, Plantafol, Aquarin, Master, Mortar, Kemira-Lux). Kumwaza kumachitika mu nyengo yopanda mitambo, kuti madontho amadzi omwe atsalira pamasamba asayambitse dzuwa. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera 50% ya shuga granured pa lita imodzi yotsilizidwa, kuti malonda ake azitha kutengeka. Ndipo mafuta aliwonse azamasamba kapena glycerin (pafupifupi 30 ml pa lita) amachepetsa madziwo.
Novofert, monga feteleza zina zovuta, amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa mphesa pang'ono
Mavalidwe apamwamba opita mu Ogasiti samaphatikizidwa. Amayambitsa kupangidwa kwa mphukira zatsopano, zomwe zilibe nthawi yokwanira yolimba chisanu chisanachitike ndipo zidzafa mofulumira pomwe kutentha kumatsika pang'ono pansi pa 0ºº.
Chilichonse chazakudya, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa opangidwa ndi wopanga. Feteleza zochulukirapo za mphesa ndizoyipa kuposa kuperewera kwawo. Nthawi zambiri izi ndizomwe zimatsogolera kuti masango samapangika.
Kupanga kwa mpesa
Bazhen mphesa wosakanizidwa ndi wamtali kwambiri, akuwombera kuti akhwime bwino. Pankhaniyi, maburashi ambiri amapangidwa pamipesa kuposa momwe chomera chimatha "kudya". Chifukwa chake, katunduyo ayenera kukhala wokhazikika, ndikusiya pa mphukira iliyonse, kuphatikiza kwa masango atatu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ana opeza wotsatira, mbewu sizinapangidwe mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa chake zimachotsedwa. Koma nthawi yomweyo, masamba oyambawo amatha kubereka.
Mu mphesa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Bazhena, ngakhale masamba otsika kwambiri amatha kubereka
Dulani mphukira iliyonse ya mphesa kuti isakule, koma kusiya "stumps" 2-3 cm. Kuwonongeka sikuchiritsa, koma kowuma. Chifukwa chake mpesa suvulala pang'ono. Magawo amapangidwa ngakhale momwe angathere, popanda "kuthyola" nkhuni, poyenda kamodzi. Athandizeni kuti athe "kuwongolera" mkati mwa chitsamba.
Pakudulira mphesa gwiritsani ntchito zida zakuthwa zokha ndi zoyera
Ntchito zambiri zodulira mphesa zimakhazikitsidwa mpaka kugwa, pomwe mbewuyo "yayamba kubisala", kuyamwa kwamayimidwe kumayima. Muyenera kudikirira kuti masamba onse agwe, koma kutentha masana kuyenera kukhala kwabwino. Usiku, chisanu chimaloledwa mpaka -3-5ºº. Kenako nthambi zake zimakhala zopanda mphamvu kwambiri. Ngati mungafupikitse mphukira mu nthawi yophukira, zambiri zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mmera zimamasulidwa, zimakwaniritsa kukula, zomwe zimawuma ndipo zimatha kuvunda.
Chifukwa chake, mu kasupe yekha mphukira zomwe zidasweka chifukwa cha kulemera kwa chipale chofewa kapena madzi oundana amachotsedwa. M'nyengo yotentha, masamba osakhazikika bwino amadulidwa, kupukutika masango, ndi kupondaponda timiyala tambiri, tomwe sitimabala zipatso. Zina mwa mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Maluwa akangofika pa waya wotsikirapo pamathandizowo, amawongoka bwino ndikumangirizika, ndikuyika bast kapena zinthu zina zofewa kuti mipesa isang'ambe. Chitani zomwezo ndi mphukira zatsopano zonse. Nthawi yomweyo, samamangidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nthambi, koma malowa adakhazikitsidwa pakati pa masamba achigawo chachiwiri ndi chachitatu kuchokera pamwamba.
Kudulira kwa mphesa kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Atangobereka zipatso, amachotsa zofooka, mphukira ofooka, nsonga. Nthambizo zikagwera kwathunthu, pamaluwa achichepere ndikofunikira kusiya mipesa itatu ndi yamphamvu kwambiri.
Ndi tchire labala zipatso zazikulu, mphesa ndizovuta. Amachotsa kukula konse komwe kwakhazikika pa tsinde m'munsi mwa waya woyamba. Pa mphukira za chaka chino, zomwe zakula kale mpaka chachiwiri, onse oyang'ana mbali amadulidwa. Ayeneranso kufupikitsidwa ndi pafupifupi 10%.
Kenako, pachomera chilichonse pamlingo woyamba, muyenera kusankha mphukira ziwiri ndi mainchesi 1-1.5 masentimita, omwe ali pafupi moyang'anana. Womwe umakhala wotsika umadulidwa, ndikusiya masamba a 3-4, ndikupanga mphukira. Paulendo wachiwiri wa 10-12 "maso", ukhala muvi watsopano. Nyengo yotsatira, mphukira zina ziwiri zimasankhidwa, ndi zina zotero, mpaka chiwerengero chawo chimafika mpaka 8-10. Umu ndi omwe amatchedwa fan fan popanga mpesa. Kuti musunge makonzedwe omwe mukufuna, onetsetsani kuti malaya amkati ndi afupikitsa kuposa akunja. Mphukira zakale zopanda zipatso zimatayidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikuzidula mpaka muyezo wa 2-3 kukula patatha zaka 5-8.
Njira yosavuta yopangira mpesa ndikusintha kwa fan
Kanema: Malangizo a kupangidwira kwa makatani osintha a mpesa
Kukonzekera chomera nthawi yachisanu
Kutsika chisanu chochepa mwina ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mungabwezere mphesa za Bazhen. Chifukwa chake, pogona nyengo yachisanu ndiyofunikira kwa iye.
Choyamba pitani otchedwa katarovka. Pansi pamunsi pa mpesa amapukusa poyambira kutalika kwakufika masentimita 20. Mizu yonse yopyapyala yomwe imagwidwa imadulidwa kumizu yayikulu. "Zilonda" zaphimbidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni, choko chophwanyidwa kapena kaboni yofayikiridwapo, poyambilira imakutidwa ndi mchenga wabwino. Pampanda pafupi, tsinde la mulch (labwino kwambiri la peat kapena humus) limapangidwanso, ndikubweretsa makulidwe ake pansi pa thunthu mpaka 20-25 cm.
Tikadulira m'dzinja, mipesa imakhala yopanda chofufumitsa, ndikuyiyika pansi, ngati kuli kotheka, imamangidwa ndi mitengo "kapena" waya "ndipo imakutidwa ndi masamba, utuchi, matanda a nkhuni, lapnik. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera nthambi zingapo za elderberry, fungo lake limasokoneza makoswe. Kenako mipesayo imakulungidwa mu zigawo zingapo ndi burlap, ziguduli, tarpaulin, lutrasil, spanbond, ndi zina zomwe zingapume. Kuyambira kumwamba, chipale chokwanira chikangogwa, chipale chofewa chimaponyedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, chimakhazikika, motero chidzafunika kukonzedwanso katatu, kwinaku mukumata kutumphuka kolimba kwa kulowetsedwa pamtunda.
Mphesa za Bazhene ziyenera kutetezedwa ku kuzizira, ngakhale nyengo ilili m'derali
Chotsani pogona posachedwa kuposa pomwe mpweya umawotha mpaka 5ºº. Ngati mukukayikira kuti chisanu cham'mbuyo chitha kukhalabe chotheka, choyamba mabowo angapo owongolera amatha kupanga zinthuzo. Njira ina yotetezera mpesa kuti isazizidwe ndikuthira Epin wothira madzi ozizira. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito njirayi masiku angapo musanayembekezere chisanu, zotsatira zake zidzakhala masiku 8-10.
Palibenso chifukwa chothamangira kuti muchotsere mpesa, mpweya uziwotha bwino
Kanema: momwe mungakonzekerere bwino mpesa kuti nthawi yozizira ikhale
Matenda, tizirombo ndi kayendetsedwe kake
Mphesa za Bazhen zimadziwika ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, sikuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, koma osavulala ndi imvi. Kupewa kachiromboka, mankhwala othandizira ndi okwanira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yakale yotsimikiziridwa yomwe yatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwawo (Bordeaux fluid, sulfate yamkuwa), ndi zinthu zamakono zokhala ndi mkuwa (Horus, Skor, Topaz, Kuprozan). Fungicides of organic organic - Alirin-B, Baikal-EM, Bayleton, Ridomil-Gold - amachititsa kuwonongeka kocheperako pamakomawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina sikumaperekedwa masiku 20-25 nthawi yokolola ndipo sikhala ndi maluwa.
Bordeaux madzi - fungicide yotsimikiziridwa yomwe ingagulidwe kapena kupangidwa mwaokha
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mphesa ndi dothi m'mundamo zimapopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuti muzitha kupewa pomwe mpesa umapereka pafupifupi masentimita 10-5. Chithandizo chachiwiri chikuchitika pa masamba osaphatikizika, chachitatu - zipatso zikafika kukula kwa mtola. Ndikofunika kuti musinthe mankhwala pafupipafupi.
Mavu samakondera kwambiri mphesa izi. Amakhumudwitsidwa ndi kukoma komwe kunabadwa mu zamkati mwa zipatso. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuwononga njuchi pamunda chiwembu, komanso kulimbana ndi tizilombo tokha mothandizidwa ndi ma pheromone apadera kapena misampha yopanga tokha (muli odzazidwa ndi uchi, kupanikizana, madzi a shuga osungunuka ndi madzi).
Gululi yokhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono ndi njira yokhayo yodalirika yotetezera mbalame kuti isafikire mphesa
Koma mbalame kupita ku Bazhen sizidutsa. Kuti muteteze mbewu kuti isawonongeke, muyenera kuponyera mauna olimba ma mpesa. Kapena mutha "kulongedza" mwanjira iyi gulu lirilonse mosiyana. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yodalirika yotetezera mphesa. Njira zina zonse (nyama zozikika, ma ratoni, ma riboni onyezimira, zopepuka komanso zomveka) zimangotipatsa nthawi yochepa. Pakupita masiku ochepa, mbalamezo zimazindikira kuti zinthu zooneka zowopsa sizingathe kuwapweteketsa kenaka osazisamalira.
Mbalame zimatha kupewetsa wolima dimba gawo lochuluka la zokolola za mphesa
Tizilombo choyipa kwambiri ku Bazhen ndi aphid kapena phylloxera. Pali mitundu yake iwiri - tsamba ndi muzu. Koyamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tachikasu tating'onoting'ono timamatirira masamba achichepere, nsonga za mphukira, masamba, mazira azipatso. Kachiwiri, tizilombo timene timakhala m'munsi mwa mphukira. Mphutsi ndi akulu amadya organic zinthu zomwe zimakhala. Pankhaniyi, kagayidwe kabwinobwino kamasokonezedwa, madera omwe akukhudzidwawo amakhala opunduka, otupa, pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndipo amawuma.
Leaph phylloxera ndiosavuta kuzindikira ndi mawonekedwe otupa pamasamba amphesa
Chomera chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tsamba laphylloxera chimachotsedwa pomwepo ndikuwotchedwa posachedwa. Kwa zaka 4-5 zotsatira, mphesa sizingabzalidwe m'malo ano okha, komanso mkati mwa 30 m kuchokera pamenepo. Kuchotsa mizu phylloxera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kotero nthawi yokhala "yokhazikika" imatha kutalika kwa zaka 10-15.
Mizu phylloxera ikapezeka, mpesayo umazula nthawi yomweyo, nkovuta kwambiri kuchotsa tizilombo
Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuyang'aniridwa kwapadera kuyenera kulipidwa popewa kupewa. Njira yothandizirana ndi wowerengeka ndi parsley, wobzalidwa pakati pa mizere ndikuzungulira gawo la mpesa. Masamba osatulutsa masamba ndi gawo lachigawo lachiwiri la masamba limathandizidwa ndi yankho la Actellic, Fozalon, Kinmix, Confidor. Chithandizo chachitatu chikuchitika pomwe masamba atsopano a 10-12 akuwonekera. Koma mankhwalawa amawononga akuluakulu okha popanda kuvulaza mphutsi ndi mazira. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, BI-58, Zolon amagwiritsidwa ntchito, akutsatira mosamala zomwe wopanga akunena za pafupipafupi momwe amathandizira komanso kumwa.
Kuchita kukuwonetsa kuti kununkhira kwa parsley kumalepheretsa phylloxera kubzala mphesa
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Bazhena - golide wosakanizidwa mawonekedwe a mphesa V.V. Zagorulko. Mpesa wolimba, kucha koyambirira (masiku 110-115). Mkuluwo ndi wamkulu, kuyambira pa 1-2 makilogalamu, mabulosiwo ndi oyera, ataliitali, okongola, olemera mpaka g. kukoma kwake ndikogwirizana komanso kosangalatsa, kumakhala ndi kununkhira kwa mitundu. Mango ndiwakuthwa, wowawasa ndi crunch. Amasungunuka bwino. Mabulosi amatha kupachika pamtengo kwa nthawi yayitali, osataya kukoma kwake. Kukaniza matenda ndi pafupifupi (3 3,5.5 point), kukana chisanu mpaka -21ºº. Kucha kwa mphukira ndikwabwino, katunduyo amakoka bwino, mizu yodulidwa bwino. Mphesa zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba.
Nadezhda NV//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=257.0
M'munda wathu wamphesa Bazhena amakula sabata imodzi ndi theka m'mbuyomu kuposa Arcadia. Mabasi ndi amphamvu. Maluwa amakhala awiriwa. Mkuluwo ndiwakukulu, wopindika kapena wozungulira, nthawi zina wokhala wamanjenje. Unyinji wamba wamtunduwo ndi 700 g, okwera - mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. Zipatso, chikasu, chachikulu. Kukomera kwa zamkaka ndikogwirizana, ndikucha kwathunthu pali matani amtundu wa zipatso, kuchokera ku chitumbuwa kupita ku apulo, kutengera kuchuluka kwa shuga pakucha. Khwangwani ndimatumbo amphaka, khungu la zipatso sizimamveka, shuga akupezeka, monga mitundu yambiri ya Arcadia. Kukula kwa mabulosi: Arcadia ndi theka kukula kwa zipatso za Bazheni m'munda wathu wamphesa. Sindinganene kuti Bazhena sangathe kukoka katundu ... Zosavuta! Sichotsika ku Arcadia pachilichonse. Adzagwira ntchito ngati kavalo. Tchire lathu lochokera kwa wolemba kale zaka 5. Mpesa ndi wamphamvu, pa mphukira panali ma inflorescence a 3-4, osiyidwa awiri chaka chatha. Mpesa unakoka katundu, koma kuwonongeka kwa zamkati, ndinali wokondwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira zake. Zipatsozo zinali chabe mawonekedwe amaso owawa! Ndipo zamkati ndizakhungu ndi khungu losongoka komanso labwino. Zachidziwikire, ndimalola kuti mphesa zizikhala motalikirapo, chifukwa zomwe zimachitika mumkhutu zimangokhala 15-16%, koma ndizambiri ndipo ndizokopa chidwi: alendo aliwonse amafunsa kuti adule.
Fursa Irina Ivanovna//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=257.0
Bazhena adangondimenya ndikuwoneka komanso kukoma. Mabulosiwa ndi akulu kwambiri, amakaka, amakhala ndi nkhwangwa, mbewu zochepa zing'onozing'ono ndizovuta kupeza mu mabulosi akuluakulu otere, khungu limakhala lochepa thupi komanso losaoneka likadyedwa. Ndili ndi shuga wamkulu patsamba langa. Zachidziwikire, palibe katundu pano, koma ndikhulupilira kuti zitha. Mphamvu yanga yakukula imakhala pakati, pakadali pano pali mipesa iwiri yayitali mamita atatu ndi mainchesi 10 cm ndipo okhwima ndi theka lopitilira. Zowona, sindimakonda kwambiri mtundu uwu wa masango, womwe, ndikuwoneka ngati, udzakhala ngati mpira, koma kukula kwa zipatso ndi mawonekedwe abwino, kuphatikizika ndi kukoma kwabwino, kumapangitsa magulu a Bazheni kukhala okongola kwambiri.
Mphesa za Vlad//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=257.0
Wina sangakonde mphesa za Bazhen. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amamutsutsa chifukwa cha kufooka kwake. Ndimakonda - ndichachifundo kwambiri, chopanda fungo lokhalokha, ndipo ngati mumaganizira nthawi yoyambirira yakukula ndi kukula kwa zipatso zomwe zimadabwitsa aliyense (mwina panthawiyi ilibe mpikisano waukulu), ndiye izi ndizosiyana siyana. Kuphatikiza apo, masango agona pansi ndipo palibe zizindikiro za matenda oyamba ndi fungus, alibe.
Evgeny Polyanin//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=257.0
Poyamba, adafuna kuchotsa Bazhen chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosasinthika, kenako adasintha malingaliro. Mpesa ulibe mavuto, si wodwala. Kukula kwanga sikulimba kwenikweni, koma katunduyo amakoka moyenera, amapsa bwino. Zimatenga malo pang'ono, ndipo zokolola sizoyipa. Ndimachisunga mpaka chitacha bwino, kenako chimabalalika bwino pakati pa abale (sindimayendetsa mphesa kumsika, ndimangachigawira kwa abale anga ndikumawachitira anzanga ndi anansi, ndikuloleza owonjezera kuti ayambe kumwa vinyo kapena juwisi).
Vladimir//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=257.0
Bazhena mikhalidwe yanga imakhazikika pofika Ogasiti 20, kudula masamba ndi lumo (chotsani mbali zina za zipatsozo) ndikufupikitsa zigamba kuti zipse bwino. Kupirira mvula yodutsa popanda cod.
Tatyana Kitaeva//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=297.0
Mabulosi a Bazhena ndi akulu kwambiri. Patsamba osati kale kwambiri, limawonetsera kuti siloyipa: mabulosi akuluakulu kwambiri, masango okongola. Zabwino.
Mpainiya 2//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=297.0
A Bazhena anga safuna kukula, kwa zaka ziwiri ali mgulu lomwelo. 50 cm yokha ya kukula.
Vadim//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=297.0
Bush Bazheny chaka chachinayi. M'chaka chachiwiri ndinasiya magetsi awiri oimira, chaka chatha mphesa zinawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha zigawo ziwiri za masika, izi ndinazizira kwambiri. Koma kunalibe zokolola. Imawoneka wokongola kwambiri, ngakhale utakhala utoto wobiriwira. Amati ngati masango atayatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa, zipatsozo zimasanduka chikaso pang'ono. Koma ndikosatheka kusankha masamba oyambirira kuzungulira masango - zipatsozo zimavutika ndi dzuwa. Adagwira ntchito pang'ono ndi lumo ku pea siteji, koma anafunika kuwonda mwamphamvu, kuti akhale owuma. Kulawa ndi kwapakatikati, kumatha kukhala kwabwinoko, koma simungathe kuyitcha kuti yoyipa, monga nthawi zina amanenera.
Natalya, Alchevsk//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?p=861202
Ndimasangalalanso kwambiri ndi Bazhena. Imasonkhanitsa shuga bwino, palibe kuluka kwa zipatso, sichipera, imatha kumangirira pach chitsamba ukacha.
Valeryf//www.xn--7sbabggic4ag6ardffh1a8y.xn--p1ai/forum/viewtopic.php?p=6747
Mphesa za Bazhen zidawonekera pagulu la anthu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Wamaluwa amateur mwachangu adayamika chisankho chatsopano. Wophatikiza amabwera chifukwa chotchuka chifukwa chakuchoka, kukana matenda, nthawi zambiri pachikhalidwe, zokolola komanso kukoma kwa zipatso. Zowonongeka za wachibale sizolimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu, koma vutoli litha kuthetsedwera ndikupanga malo okhala nthawi yachisanu. Monga momwe amasonyezera, mbewuyo imapulumuka bwino m'malo omwe kumatentha kwambiri.
