Pteris fern ndi mbewu yabwino kuchokera ku banja lalikulu la Pterisov. Ndiofala m'malo otentha komanso ozungulira padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amapezeka ku Japan, USA, Africa ndi New Zealand. Dzinalo limamasulira kuti "mapiko." Mabotolo ambiri amawona kufanana pakati pa masamba ndi mapiko a mbalame. Ozimitsa maluwa ndi okondwa kupeza mbewu zobiriwira zobiriwirazi, zomwe sizimafunanso chisamaliro.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Pteris ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda kuphuka. Pachigoba cha mizu yofewa pali tsitsi lalifupi. Mtengowo uli ndi tsinde mobisa, womwe ungatengedwe ngati kupitiliza kwa muzu. Masamba amawonetsedwa mwachindunji kuchokera pansi. M'malo achilengedwe, tchire limatha kutalika mamita 2.5. Mitundu ya zokwawa imapezekanso, yomwe imapezeka mokhazikika pamiyala ndi m'miyala.
Chomera chimapanga udzu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Masamba otaika amakhala ndi nthenga kapena mawonekedwe. Amapezeka pamtali wautali, wandiweyani. Masamba osalala amapaka utoto wowala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba ophatikizika imapezeka. Masamba ndi ofewa, achikopa. Zovuta zili kumbuyo kwa pepalalo ndipo zimakhala ndi mzere wopitilira mzere womwe uli m'mphepete.
Mitundu ya pteris
Banja la pteris ndilambiri, pafupifupi mitundu 250 yasungidwa mmenemo. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yayikulu, palinso mitundu yokongoletsera. Mu chithunzichi, pteris ndi yosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimalola wamaluwa kupanga mawonekedwe onse a ferns.
Pteris longifolia. Masamba obiriwira amakhala pamalo onenepa kwambiri. Imakutidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono ya beige ndi lalanje. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi 40-50 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 8-25 masentimita. Petiole yolimba yautali imakutidwa ndi masamba opapatiza ndi aatali okhala ndi mawonekedwe owala.
Pteris akunjenjemera. Mtengowo ndi chitsamba chachikulu chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Ma petioles olimba amakhala osalimba komanso osweka mosavuta. Chomera chikukula msanga.
Pteris Cretan. Mitundu yotchuka yokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo masamba. Pa beige petioles mpaka 30 cm, pali masamba apamwamba a lanceolate. Kutalika kwawo ndi masentimita 15-50. Tsamba lamtundu wamtambo wobiriwira wamtundu uli ndi m'mbali mwa pang'ono. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Albo-lineata - m'mphepete mwa tsambalo pali mzere wozungulira;
- Rivertoniana - masamba ali m'munsi mwa petiole ngati nyenyezi yakutsogolo;
- Whimsettii - mbewuyi imakhala ndi masamba ambiri obiriwira obiriwira.
Pteris xiphoid. Mtunduwu, masamba amagawidwa kukhala wosabala (drooping and wide) ndi chonde (wowongoka, wopanda mzere]. Ma sporangia aatali amapezeka m'mphepete mwa tsamba. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Victoriae - mzere wopyapyala woyera umapezeka pakati pa tsamba losalala;
- Evergemiensis - m'mphepete mwa masamba amakokedwa zoyera.
Pteris wagawika. Mtengowo uli ndi masamba ochepa odera obiriwira. Petiole ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm. Mapeto ake pali masamba asanu opendekera a lanceolate mpaka mainchesi 45. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimidwa mkati:
- Variegata - kumtunda kwa tsamba lililonse kumakhala mzere wowirikiza;
- Cristata - tsamba lililonse lakumtunda limakhala lalikulu komanso chisa;
- Tenuifolia - chingwe cha imvi chimakokedwa pakati pa masamba.
Pteris ndi tepi. Mtengowo umapanga mphukira yayitali komanso yopepuka. Wii 70-100 cm kutalika ali ndi mawonekedwe a drooping. Masamba ataliatali okhala ndi masamba obiriwira amasanjidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi utoto wakuda bii.
Magiya a pteris. Chomera chobiriwira chopepuka chokhala ndi zipatso za masamba a korosi, masamba. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 30-80 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 20 mpaka 40 cm. Masamba ndi ophatikizana ndi petiole. Fern amakula mwachangu ndipo amakongoletsa kwambiri.
Njira zolerera
Kubalanso kwa pteris kumachitika pofesa ma spores kapena kugawa nthiti. Zomera gwiritsani ntchito poto lalikulu komanso lathyathyathya losakaniza ndi mchenga ndi peat. Nthaka ndikunyowa, spores amayikidwa pansi ndikuphimba chiwiya ndi galasi kapena filimu. Mpaka mphukira itaonekera, malo obiriwira amasungidwa m'chipinda chamdima ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kwa + 15 ... +20 ° C. Zomera zikamera, zimasunthidwa. Ventilate ndikuthira mbande tsiku ndi tsiku. Malo onenepa amakhala ochepa thupi ndikusiya fern wamphamvu. Ma pteris omwe ndi achikulire amawasinthidwa kukhala miphika yaying'ono ndi nthaka ya fern wamkulu.
Poika chitsamba chachikulire, chitha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino kukula kwake, chifukwa sikungakhale malo ogulitsira ndi Wii. Chothimbacho chimachitidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa ndikuwazidwa makala opera. Delenki adabzala m'nthaka nthawi yomweyo kuti mbewuzo zisamere.
Thirani
Pteris amafunika kupatsidwa nthawi zonse. Kwa mbewu, miphika yaying'ono imasankhidwa, molingana ndi rhizome. Chidebe chozama sichofunikira, popeza mizu ili pamtunda. Mukabzala, rhizome imakuzika osaposa 7 cm.
Pakubzala fern, mutha kupanga zosakaniza zotsatirazi:
- mchenga;
- peat;
- dziko la turf;
- humus;
- pepala lapansi.
Mutha kugula mu sitolo gawo lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi ferns. Zomwe nthaka zimachita siziyenera kulowerera kapena pang'ono acidic. Pansi pamphika uyenera kuthiridwa miyala, miyala kapena dongo.
Malamulo Osamalira
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa pteris sikovuta ngakhale kwa alimi oyambira kumene. Mphika wokhala ndi fern umayikidwa mumthunzi wosakhalitsa kapena m'malo otetezeka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira kuwala pang'ono. Chomera chimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa chipindacho kapena pawindo lakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo.
Kutentha kwa mpweya kwa pteris kumayenera kukhala kosasintha kwa chaka chonse ndipo kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana kuyambira + 17 ... +20 ° C. M'masiku otentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mphukira tsiku ndi tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, amaloledwa kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka + 14 ... +15 ° C.
Pteris amathiridwa madzi pafupipafupi komanso mochuluka. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, koma kusayenda kwamadzi ndikosavomerezeka. Madzi owonjezera ayenera kusiya mphika momasuka. Pallet iyeneranso kuthiridwa nthawi zonse. Izi zikuthandizira kuteteza mizu pakukula kwa zowola.
Fern amafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. M'chipinda chouma, m'mphepete mwa masamba mumayamba kuuma. Masamba amathiridwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi okhazikika, ofewa. Kuyika mbewu pafupi ndi malo am'madzi ndi akasupe ndikulandiridwa. Masamba nthawi zina amazitsuka pansi pa sopo yofunda kuti ichotse fumbi.
M'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa pteris ndi maofesi apadera a ferns. Kawiri pamwezi, theka la feteleza wolimbikitsidwa mumalangizo amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi othirira.
Pomwe masamba ake amawuma, amawakonza. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, masamba amasunganso kukongola kwa nthawi yayitali ndikudulira ndikosowa kwambiri. Petioles zouma zimadulidwa kumunsi komwe. Ndi yabwino kuchita njirayi ndikazitsuka, kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Pteris samakonda matenda omwe amakhala nawo pafupipafupi. Mavuto ambiri amakhala chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino. Mavuto omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi awa:
- masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi youma - mpweya wouma kwambiri kapena madzi okwanira;
- masamba amatembenuka nayamba kuwonekera - kutentha kwadzuwa;
- Masamba amasandulika bulauni, kuzimiririka kapena kupindika - kuzizira kwambiri chipinda, kupezeka kwa kukonzekera.
Pteris nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la tizilombo tozungulira komanso kupindika. Ngati majeremusi apezeka, nthawi yomweyo gwiritsani masamba ndi nthaka panthaka. Mankhwalawa akubwerezedwanso katatu ndipo pakadutsa masiku 5-7 kuti muchotse tizilombo tatsopano.
