Daffodils mumphika: Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Daffodils ndi ena mwa maluwa akale kwambiri amene akutulutsa masika. Masamba otchuka, okhala ndi ziphuphu 6 zokhala ndi korona wozungulira pakatikati, amakongoletsa minda yambiri, kusangalatsa aliyense ndi fungo labwino komanso kukongola kwabwino. Amachita zinthu modzikuza ndipo pamayendedwe a misewu safuna kufufutidwa kwapachaka kapena kukonza kwapadera. Kukula maluwa amenewa mumphika kumakongoletsa nyumba kapena nyumba iliyonse, komanso kukupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira osati mchaka chokha, komanso nthawi ina pachaka.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Daffodil

Mtundu wa daffodils ndi wa banja la Amaryllis ndipo uli ndi mitundu yopitilira 30 yosiyanasiyana. Ena a iwo amasinthasintha mzipinda zabwino kuposa ena. Otsatirawa amatchuka kwambiri:

• Pepala longa (Papyraceus) lili ndi maluwa oyera mpaka 11 ndipo awiri ofanana 3 cm aliyense. Amasonkhanitsidwa pa peduncle imodzi, yomwe imakula masentimita 30-45. Izi ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe singafune chithandizo chozizira, ndipo imatulutsa m'chipinda pambuyo pa masabata 2-6.
• Ziva (Ziva) ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera oyera okhala ndi zidutswa 10 patsinde limodzi. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu, kufikira 15-35 masentimita amitundu yaying'ono ya Paperwhite, ndi 50 cm ku Narcissus tazetta.
• Magnet (Magnet) imakhala ndi maluwa akulu limodzi a 12-14 cm aliyense ali ndi korona wachikasu ndipo petals yowala mpaka kumapeto. Amakula kutalika mpaka 40-50 masentimita, ndipo ndi oyenera kukula m'mbale mumasiku ozizira kukonzekera.

• Avalanche (Avalanche) imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri, ndiye kuti imakhala ndi masamba 10 okonzedwa motsatana pa tsinde limodzi. Rosette wawo ndi wagolide, ndipo miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi yoyera. Kutalika kwa Peduncle kumafika 30-45 cm.
• February Gold (Ferbruary Golide) amadziwika ndi maluwa achikasu masentimita 7.5, omwe ali amodzi kutalika kwa 30 cm. Iliyonse ya tsamba ili ndi maziko ake okhala ndi miyala.
• Mpira wa chipale chofewa umakula masentimita 43 kutalika. Pakatikati ndi perianth wa mtundu oyera amapanga mphukira wokhala ndi masentimita 8. Mwachilengedwe, maluwa amawoneka mu Meyi.

Ochita maluwa nawonso amasiyanitsa mitundu ya Geranium, Verger, Erlichir ndi ena oyenera zipinda. Zitha kupaka utoto mosiyanasiyana mitundu yoyera, yachikasu kapena yamtengo wapatali, yokhala ndi poyambira kapena yopindika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyala ya perianth.

Kusankha Kwambiri

Kuti mukhale ndi maluwa okongola athanzi, ndikofunikira kusamalira kusankha pazinthu zomwe mungabzalire. Mbewu sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kaamba ka izi, koma kukula kwake ndikutalika komanso kubereka. Nthawi zambiri, mababu amatengedwa pazolinga izi, kulekanitsa ana ndi anyezi a mayi. Mukamagula kuchokera kwina, muyenera kulabadira izi:

• zinthu zazikulu zimapereka mphukira zolimba;
• mizu yolumikizana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikukula bwino;
• madera ofewa komanso obowola amatha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda kapena kusungirako kosayenera;
• mawanga ndi kuwonongeka zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa majeremusi ochulukitsa.

Mababu omwe anagulidwa kwa nthawi yayitali sayenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndibwino kuwabzala mumizimba mwachangu. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kuyikidwa m'malo amdima, owuma komanso owongolera kwakanthawi. Kupanda kutero, pamakhala chiopsezo cha matenda ndi fungus kapena mizu isanakwane.

Chotengera chodzala

Mizu ya daffodil imafunikira malo oberekeramo ndi kukula, kotero miphika kapena zotengera zimafunikira osachepera 15-20 cm mulifupi ndi 30-35 masentimita. Kwa mitundu yaying'ono yomwe ikukula osaposa 15 cm, mutha kutenga timapikisano ting'onoting'ono, komabe ndikuzama kokwanira kuzika mizu. Simungathe kuthana nazo pankhaniyi, chifukwa malo ochulukirapo akhoza kuvulaza mbewuyo, ndikuchedwa kucheka. Chotengeracho chimatha kukhala ceramic kapena galasi, mabokosi amtengo nawonso ndi oyenera. Kukhetsa kofunikira pansi kuti muchotse chinyezi chochulukirapo, kumathandiza kuti anyezi musanenepe.

Dothi lofunikira

Nthaka yoti ibzale ndikuyala zina ikhoza kukumbidwa m'munda wamaluwa kapena kugula malo ogulitsira. Iyenera kukhala yofewa, yowuma m'manja mwanu ndipo osati kumamatira palimodzi. Ndikwabwino kuchepetsera nthaka wamba ndi mchenga kapena dongo louma, kuwonjezera utuchi, phulusa lamatabwa ndi feteleza waz mchere. Izi zimapangitsa kuti amasuke, ipereke kufalikira kwa mpweya ndikuwupangitsa kuti iwonjezere zina.

Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina kuti alandire maluwa mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, kuti mutha kuperekera maluwa holide. Kuti muchite izi, iwo amawokedwa padera kapena miyala yaying'ono, ndikuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Anyezi ali ndi michere yokwanira kuti duwa lathule bwino.

Zofunikira pakukula kwa daffodil mumphika

Chomera ndichimodzi mwazosakhazikika kwambiri. Koma kuti apeze masamba okongola ndi onunkhira, ayenera kupereka malo omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe momwe zingathere. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusintha zowonetsa kutentha, kuwunikira kwa chipindacho komanso chinyezi momwemo.

Kubzala daffodil m'chipinda

Kubzala babu mchipindacho ndikosiyana pang'ono ndi msewu. Makamaka, adzafunika chithandizo chozizira komanso kuphukira kwa mphukira m'malo opangidwa mwapadera.

Nthawi yayitali

Mutha kubzala daffodils m'nthaka nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma ambiri amafuna kuti pachimake pakhale tsiku labwino. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika motere:

• kubzala pasanathe nthawi yophukira kwamadzulo kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa pachaka chatsopano;
• anyezi wokhala mu December-Januwale adzapatsa maluwa m'masiku oyambirira a masika;
• kufika kumapeto kwa March kumapereka mapesi a maluwa tchuthi cha Meyi.

Makamaka, masikuwo amatsimikizidwa ndi kufotokozeredwa kwa mitundu, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi zosiyana za mbande.

Njira yodzala daffodil mumphika

Mukabzala anyezi m'nthaka, muyenera kutsata magawo a ntchito yanu:

• Mu chidebe chosankhidwa, ikani ngalande yopanga ndi 2-3 masentimita amiyala, miyala yamiyala kapena dongo lokwera. Zimapereka kutuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo ndi mpweya wofikira kumizu. Kuchokera kumwamba, kutsanulira gawo lapansi pafupifupi m'mphepete mwa mphikawo.
• Ikani anyezi mmenemo, ndikukankhira muzu pansi, kusiya mtunda pakati pawo. Mbali yakumtunda iliyonse iyenera kutuluka pansi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Ngati chidebe cha 9cm mainchesi, anyezi 3 a 1 cm amatengedwa.
• Thirani dothi ndi madzi ochepa, omwe sayenera kugwa pamitsempha. Pamwamba, mutha kuthira dothi ndi masamba otayirira kapena masamba a utuchi. Pamaso kutulutsa mbande, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pafupipafupi, kupewa kuyanika kwawo.
• Mutabzala, ikani miphika pamalo amdima, owuma pa kutentha kwa + 3 ... +9 ° C. Ngati ndi kotheka, chidebecho chikhoza kuphimbidwa. Mavuto oterewa sofunikira kokha kwa mitundu yokhala ngati Pepala ndi Ziva, yomwe ingasiyidwe mwachindunji mchipindacho.
• Pambuyo pa kumera kwamera ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7, osati kale kuposa miyezi 1-3, amafunikira kusintha kuti akhale otentha. Nthawi yomweyo, ayikeni m'chipinda chowala ndi +10 ° C kwa masiku awiri oyamba, kenako mutha kusankha malo owala nthawi zonse pa + 15 ... +18 ° C.

Ngati atachita molondola, maulendo oyamba amawonekera mumiyezi 1-1.5. Kutulutsa maluwa kolondola kungadziwike podziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa.

Kusamalidwa kwa Daffodil

Kusamalira kunyumba kumaphatikizapo kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuphatikiza mbewu ndi kudulira masamba owuma. Amayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi okhazikika komanso m'mphepete mwa kutulutsa kapena pallet. Kutalikirana kumafunikira mosiyanasiyana pamlingo uliwonse wa kukula:

• kwa nthawi yoyamba, dothi liyenera kupukutika mutabzala;
• kuthira madzi 2 pa mwezi pa mizu;
• mutasinthira miphika kuti isenthe, onetsetsani kuti nthaka siuma;
• maluwa, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mlengalenga ndi nthaka kumafunikira;
• ndi chikasu kwathunthu masamba, muyenera kusiya kuthirira.

Kuyambira pachiwonetsero cha kuphukira kwa maluwa, daffodils amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza okhala ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni. Ndikofunika kusankha nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe, kuti musavulaze maluwa:

• Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula, mbande zikaoneka, gwiritsani ntchito madzi kapena madzi sungunuka.
• Kenako mulch pamwamba pamtunda, kuyikapo ndi wosanjikiza tsamba la manyowa kapena manyowa.
• Kachiwiri kuphatikiza mchere kumayambika masamba akapezeka pamaunifomu ndipo njirayi imabwerezedwa masabata awiri aliwonse asanayambe kuphuka.
• Mukamaliza maluwa, jekeseni chakudya cham'mafupa kapena zinthu zina zansongolezo m'nthaka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbande zizipezeka mchaka chachiwiri.

Kuti maluwa azikhala nthawi yayitali, kuyambira nthawi yotsegula masamba, ndikofunikira kupereka kuzizira pamtunda wa kutentha + 10 ... +12 ° C.

Kusamalira Daffodil mutatha maluwa

Daffodil itatha, maluwa osokonekera amazidulira ndipo tsinde lobiriwira limasiyidwa kuti lisalankhule. Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo feteleza wogwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono amabweretsedwa m'nthaka, yomwe imalowetsedwa mpaka nthawi yatsopano yophukira. Masamba ndi ma pedunances amatha kudulira pansi muzu pokhapokha atatembenuka chikasu kenako ndikuuma. Gwiritsani ntchito ndi lumo kapena chimpeni choyera.

Ngati mababu sanakungidwe, chotengera nawo chimakonzedwa m'malo abwino mumdima. Zinthu zomwe zatoleredwa zimayikidwa m'matumba a nsalu kapena pepala. Chaka chamawa, ingabzalidwe pokhapokha, ndipo muzipindazi ndizoyenera kutengera ana.

M'pofunikanso kuwaza anyezi wowola ndi owonongeka, nthawi yomweyo kuwataya. Ndipo enawo apereke chipinda chosungira youma komanso chamdima. Maluwa ochokera ku babu imodzi amatha kukula mpaka katatu, ndipo pakufalikira kwina ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ana awo.

A Dachnik achenjeza: matenda ndi tizirombo ta daffodils

Mukakulitsa maluwa mumatha kukumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Pakati pawo, omwe ali ambiri ndi:

• Matenda a Fusarium amapezeka madzi ambiri akathilira, zochulukirapo za feteleza wa ammonia, ndikusunga anyezi kukhala ofunda komanso nyere. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti akukonzanso, ndikuchiza ndi fungicides musanachotsedwe. Pamaso pa matenda, mbewu ndi mababu amakanidwa ndikuwonongeka.
• Ntchentche ya daffodil yayikulu imayika mazira pamizu. Mwa izi, mphutsi zimawonekera, zimadya mnofu wa anyezi ndikupangitsa kuti ziwonongeke. Kuti muwazindikire, muyenera kukanikiza msana, sayenera kukanikizidwa pamwamba. Zinthu zoyambitsidwazo ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi karbofos kapena kumangokhala maola angapo mumphika ndi madzi otentha, kusungabe kutentha kwake osapitirira +43 ° C
• Nsabwe za bulbous zimawoneka pansi paziyeso zowuma ndipo zimadyera timadziti tatsitsi. Izi zimafewetsa, zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yaulesi, imasokoneza maluwa. Pofuna kuthana ndi tiziromboti, chithandizo cha kutentha m'madzi otentha ndikofunikira, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ntchentche.
• Gray rot (botritiosis) imakhudza masamba, kusiya masamba ndi siliva ndi bulauni, kenako kudutsa ma rhizomes. Spus zambiri zimayamba mpweya utayamba kunyowa. Kulimbana kawiri pamwezi, madera omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amathiridwa mankhwala a Bordeaux 1-1.5%, yankho la Captan 0,5% kapena osakaniza wa sopo wamkuwa (2 g yamkuwa wa sulfate ndi 20 g ya sopo wobiriwira). Mizu imathandizidwa ndi foundationazole 0,2%.
• Tchetcha anyezi amakhala mu dothi ndipo limalowa bulb mwa kuwonongeka. Kukula kwa mbewu kuyimitsidwa, maluwa ndi masamba afota. Anyezi wowonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa, athanzi ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha.
• Nematode amadya masamba a masamba ndi ma peduncles, omwe amadutsa mu ma rhizomes. Amalimbana ndi mankhwalawa ndi madzi + 40 ... +50 ° C, momwe zinthuzo zimamizidwa kwakanthawi.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amabwera chifukwa cha dothi losakhazikika bwino lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa m'mundamo. Pankhaniyi, ukhondo chithandizo cha gawo lapansi lofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, kupewa matenda a daffodils, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kutsatiridwa:

• kumasula pansi nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuchotsa masamba owuma ndi aulesi;
• teteza kuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka popanga ngalande ndi kuthirira koyenera;
• pangani zofunikira kwambiri pobzala, zisungeni pa kutentha osaposa +10 ° C.

Ngati izi zonse zimaganiziridwa, mavuto ambiri okhala ndi daffodils omwe akukula amatha kupewedwa. Ndipo pamenepo mawonekedwe azithunzi azisangalatsa diso koposa tsiku limodzi.