Azaleas (lat. Azalea) ndi gulu la zomera zokongoletsera, zomwe masiku ano zimatchulidwa ndi mtundu wa rhododendron wa banja la heather. Kuwonjezera pa dzina lokongola ngati limeneli, chomeracho chimakhalanso chosangalatsa kwambiri. Chitsamba chobiriwira chomwe chimakhala chikuphulika chobiriwira, choyera, maluŵa ofiira amatha kuwunikira ngakhale miyezi yozizira kwambiri - nthawi imene zomera zambiri zimakhala m'nyumba. Popeza azalea akudandaula kwambiri kuti asamalire komanso akukula bwino, amamera m'malo obiriwira komanso kumera nyumba, koma palinso mitundu yozizira imene imatha kumera.
Kawirikawiri, kukongola kwakukulu kwa maluwa kunaperekedwa ngati mphatso. Komabe, patapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri, iyo imatha, imayamba kusiya masamba ndi kufa. Chifukwa cha khalidwe ili la chomeracho chiri mwa kulakwa kosayenera kapena kosayenera. Ngati mumakhala wokongola wokongola wa Indian azalea, tikukupemphani kuti muphunzire kumusamalira kunyumba.
Azalea Indica: zizindikiro za chomera chopanda nzeru
Zipinda zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi maziko a mitundu iwiri ya azaleas: Indian ndi Japanese.
Indian azalea (indica) (Azalea indica) ndi mitundu ya zomera zomwe zimamera m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi kutentha kwambiri. Maluwa osadziwika amachitanidwa chifukwa safuna kupirira zinthu zina zomwe zikukula, kupatulapo zomwe zimayandikana nazo kuthengo. Choncho, ngati simungalimbikitsidwe kwambiri ndi azaleas, amangofuna kukhala ndi inu.
Mu chilengedwe, chomera chimakula ndi mvula kawirikawiri, kutentha kotentha, mu nthaka yonyowa kwambiri ndi mkulu wa acidity. Mitengo ya mtundu wa Indica oyambirira imakhala mu December-January, pakati-maluwa amatha kumasulidwa mu Januwale-March, mvula imatha mu February-April.
Mukudziwa? Azalea sagonjetsa olima ambiri olima maluwa: odziwa bwino botanist ndi oyendayenda Brainius ndi Conners, omwe anayesera kudzala mbewu ku Ulaya kawiri konse, sangathe kuchigonjetsa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, Indian azalea anapulumutsidwa ku India, pambuyo pake odyetsa ku Ulaya amatha kuchita izi, kusamalira bwino maluwawo ndikupanga mitundu yambiri ndi hybrids.Chomeracho chimadzafika kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Muzuwo uli wongopeka, mizu ndi yachifundo kwambiri. Masamba ndi ochepa, obiriwira. Pa nthawi ya maluwa iwo amakhala osawonekera kumbuyo kwa inflorescences. Mphukira ndi bulauni kapena pabuka, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi. Maluwa - sing'anga, mpaka masentimita 3.5 mu awiri, anasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences. Nkhumba zikhoza kukhala zamtundu ndi wamba. Azalea azalea maluwa osiyanasiyana, ndi oyera, pinki, kirimu, achikasu, ofiira, awiri-teni, ndi mawanga.
Kubzala ndikuyika zomera mu chipinda
Zomwe zimasamalira maluwa amenewa zidzakhala zosiyana kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo ya chilimwe. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira, malo abwino kwambiri a azaleas adzakhala mawindo kapena osgizira loggias akuyang'ana kumpoto kapena kumadzulo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti chomeracho chiyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku dzuwa. Ndikofunika kuteteza maluwa kuchokera ku mpweya wotentha kuchokera ku batri - mothandizidwa ndi chinsalu, kapena pochiyika mu aquarium. Mukayikidwa mu kuya kwa chipinda ndikufunikira kupereka zowonjezera.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndi bwino kutenga maluwa mumthunzi wowala, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku zomera zina. Mulimonsemo, kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudziwa zomwe amakonda azitsamba za azalea Indica ndi momwe angasamalirire, kudziwa kuti duwa limakonda malo ozizira, zipinda zowonongeka, popanda ma drafts, koma mpweya wokwanira, zidzakhala zothandiza.
Kodi kuunikira kwa mtundu wanji kumafunika kwa chomera?
Kuunikira kwa kukula kwa azaleas kudzafunikanso kwambiri. Amakonda kukula pansi pa kuwala kochepa kapena penumbra. Dzuŵa lachindunji kwa chomera ndilowononga, chifukwa ilo limayambitsa kuyaka pa masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, azalea angakhale opanda kuwala. Pachifukwa ichi, zidzakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa nyali ya fulorosenti kuti iwalitse.
Zimafunika kutentha ndi chinyezi
Monga mukudziwira, zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chabwino cha azaleas ndizozizira ndi kutentha. Ngati simungathe kulenga mu chipinda chimene maluwa amakula, kutentha kwa 10-15 ºС, ndiye amakana kukula ndi kusamba. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe azalea akuvomera kulekerera, - +18 ºС
Mwamwayi, kupanga zinthu zotere mumzinda wamba ndizovuta kwambiri. Choncho, alimi amalangiza njira ziwiri zosamalira azalea mu mphika kuti apange mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutentha:
- Phimbani mphika kuzungulira chigawocho ndi zidutswa za chisanu kapena chisanu;
- Sitsani chomeracho ndi madzi ozizira nthawi zambiri.
Nthawi yachisanu-yozizira (kuyambira October mpaka Januwale), ndiko kuti, nthawi isanakwane komanso nthawi ya maluwa, azaleas akhoza kutsekedwa ku loggias. Kutentha kwachepera kwa kusunga duwa ndi -5 ºС. Pamene azalea ikuphulika, ndiye kutentha kwakukulu kwa izo kudzakhala + 16-17 ºї. Mwa kuchepetsa madigiri, nthawi yayitali yamaluwa imatha kupezeka. Mwachitsanzo, indica azalea wofiira pa 12 ºС idzaphuka kwa miyezi 2-2.5. Ndipo ngati chingwe cha mercury chikudutsa chizindikiro pa 18 ºї, maluwawo agwira pa zomera kwa milungu iwiri yokha.Chinanso chokwera ndi azaleas ndi chinyezi chachikulu - 60-80%. Choncho, mu chipinda chomwe chimakula, ndizofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito wotsekemera, komanso kuyambitsa kupopera mbewu maluwa nthawi zonse. Njirazi ndizofunikira m'nthawi ya chilimwe komanso nyengo yotentha. Amafunika kupangidwa kawiri pa tsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Mukasungidwa kutentha, duwa silikusowa kupopera mankhwala.
Ndikofunikira! Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa ofewa kapena owiritsa.Komanso, chinyezi chikhoza kusungidwa mothandizidwa ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "osamba pamapazi" - mphika wokhala ndi duwa imaikidwa pa thireyi ndi yonyowa dothi lokulitsidwa, miyala.
Choyenera kukhala gawo la kubzala
Kubzala maluwa wokoma nthaka yowawasa (pH 4-4.5) ndi zizindikiro "Kwa azaleas", "Kwa rhododendrons". Pokonzekera gawo lapansi ndi manja awo, nkofunika kusakaniza nthaka, peat, mchenga (1: 1: 1). Muzisakaniza, mukhoza kusakaniza gawo limodzi la nkhalango. Onetsetsani kuti muwonjezere ngalande.
Mukudziwa? Azalea, kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe ake okongoletsera, ali ndi zida zopindulitsa - zimatulutsa mpweya m'chipindacho kuchokera ku zinthu zovulaza monga xinene, ammonia.
Chophika kusankha ndi kubzala
Pamene kugula kale kudzala azaleas, m'pofunika kupereka mwapadera maluwa omwe sanayambe kutsegula, koma okonzeka kuphuka, masamba ndi ochepa maluwa. Nthaka mu mphika sayenera kukhala youma. Komanso pazomera sayenera kukhala wouma kapena masamba ophwanyika.
Ngati mukukonzekera kudzala azalea ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mbewu kapena cuttings, ndiye, popeza ili ndi mizu pamwamba pake, mphika wofanana ndi mbale idzakhala yoyenera.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji azalea indica?
Kuwonjezera pa kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi chofunika, chomera sichitenga khama lalikulu pamene tikukula. Zimakhulupirira kuti azalea indica ikufunira ulimi wothirira ndi kuika, koma akatswiri a momwe angasamalirire, monga lamulo, alembere: "Kusamalira zovuta zambiri."
Madzi okwanira azaleas indica
Monga mbadwa ya mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira, azalea amakonda nthawi zambiri madzi okwanira. Nkofunika kuti musayambe kuigwiritsa ntchito mwanjira imodzi kapena ina - kuti nthaka isaduke ndipo siyiyowa kwambiri. Makamaka mkhalidwe wa nthaka mu mphika uyenera kuyang'aniridwa pa nthawi ya maluwa.
M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, ngati chomera chiri m'chipinda chozizira, chiwerengero ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kwafupika. M'nyengo yozizira m'pofunikira kuthira madzi kawiri pa tsiku. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi zofunika kuti musinthe zina zam'mwamba ndi zotsika.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa ulimi wothirira ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka, mvula kapena kusungunuka. Ngati mumathirira madzi ndi matepi, ndiye kuti ayenera kutetezedwa kwa masiku angapo kapena owiritsa. Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha.Ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzimwa ndi madzi acidic. Zimapangidwa ndi kusungununkhira supuni 1 ya citric acid mu malita awiri a madzi. Ndi njirayi, zomera zimamwe madzi kamodzi pamwezi.
Ngati pazifukwa zina zowuma mwamphamvu kuchokera m'nthaka zachitika, ndiye kuti maluwawo ayenera kuikidwa mu poto ndi madzi kwa maola anayi. Pambuyo pake, bweretsani ku malo ake oyambirira. Zidzatheka kuyamba kuyamba kuthirira nthawi zonse masiku atatu.
Pakakhala madzi okwanira nthawi yambiri, m'pofunika kuthira madzi kuti asatayike ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Feteleza ndi kudyetsa maluwa
Manyowa azalea pa nyengo yokula kawiri pamwezi ndi mineral feteleza. Mukasankha masamba, ndi bwino kudyetsa maluwa ndi superphosphate (15 g / 10 l madzi), Kemira-Lux, Uniflor-Bud, ndi zina. Mu malo ogulitsa mungathe kugula feteleza wapadera Kwa Azaleas.
Zomera zowonongeka zitha kupangidwa ndi feteleza zomwe zili ndi nayitrogeni, monga "Uniflor-micro." Amagwiritsira ntchito azaleas ndi feteleza pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa "Zircon".
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito kuvala, tsatirani malangizo pa phukusi kuti musamavulaze mbewu.
Kudula ndi kukakamiza azaleas
Pakati pa maluwa, masamba onse amamera ndipo mabokosi ambewu ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga.
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa maluwa azaleas kusakanikirana ndi funso la momwe angasamalire chomera ayenera kuyandikira mosachepera moyenera. Ntchito yofunika pa nthawiyi idzawonetsedwa ndi kudulira ndi kukupsa.
Kuphimba duwa n'kofunika kuti uchite - kumathandiza kuti mukhale ndi maluwa obiriwira. Kupatsa maluwa mawonekedwe okonzekera bwino, mphukira zazing'ono zimatsuka, kusiya masamba 4-5. Scions okula kuchokera maluwa amachotsedwa. Komanso kuchotsani kwambiri ndi ofooka mphukira. Kudulira kumayambiriro oyambirira kungayambike mu March, kumapeto kwa - May.
Ndikofunikira! Mbali zonse za azaleas ndizoopsa, ngati zowonjezereka, zimatha kukhudza minofu, dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha, ndipo ikhoza kupha.Ngati simukuphwanyidwa ndi kudulira, ndiye kuti m'kupita kwanthawi chomeracho chidzakula kukhala chitsamba chosakanikirana ndipo chidzakula pachimake.
Azalea amapereka ndi kupanga kapangidwe ka curly. Monga lamulo, amaperekedwa mitundu iwiri ya mawonekedwe: mwa mawonekedwe a mtengo kapena chitsamba.
Malamulo a Azalea Indica Transplant
Azalea samangodandaula kwambiri za kusintha kwa thupi, choncho ndi kofunika kuti muchite njirayi pokhapokha ngati nthawi yomwe mphika umakhala wochepa kwambiri kwa mizu yambiri kapena pamene mizu yakhudza zowola.
Musadulire chomeracho mwachindunji mutatha kugula - chimafuna nthawi kuti musinthe. Maluwa aang'ono mpaka zaka zitatu akhoza kubzalidwa kamodzi pachaka, okalamba - kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri.
Pamene kuika sikungathe kuwononga mizu. Njira yabwino kwambiri ikugwirizanirana ndi Kuwonjezera kwa gawo lapansi latsopano. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuonetsetsa kuti mutu wa mizu uli pamwamba pa nthaka.
Palibe kuziika m'nyengo yozizira. Ndi bwino kuchita izi mutatha maluwa.
Kubereka Azalea Indica
Kufalitsa kwa Azalea kumachitika m'njira zinayi: mbewu, kudula, kugawanitsa chitsamba ndi kusinthanitsa. Njira yowonjezereka ndiyo jigging cuttings. Ngakhale njirayi sitingatchedwe kuti ndi yosavuta, chifukwa kuti kuyendetsa bwino bwino kumafuna kutentha.
Cuttings 8-10 cm masentimita amadulidwa mu kasupe kuchokera ku mphukira zomwe zinamangidwa mu July chaka chatha. Kukolola kokha kuchokera ku zomera zathanzi, osati kamodzi pachaka. The cuttings adadulidwa ndi mpeni pamwamba pa impso. Masamba otsika amachotsedwa. Kudula kumayikidwa mu chidebe ndi chinyezi chakuda, kukulirakulira ndi masentimita 5 5. Chidebecho chimapangidwa ndi kanthana, polyethylene, kapena kuyikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, komwe kumakhala kutentha kwambiri (80%), kutentha kotentha kwa +25 ºє ndi kuwala kosalekeza kumasungidwa. Cuttings nthawi zonse sprayed ndi kuwapatsa mpweya wabwino. Kuwombera bwino kumayembekezeredwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo pa mizu ikuwoneka, anyamatawa amaikidwa pamalo opitirira.
Kugawidwa mwa kugawa chitsamba kuli koyenera kwa zomera zitatu zokha.
Matenda ndi tizirombo za duwa
Indica azalea ndi chisamaliro chosayenera kunyumba akhoza kukhudza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Tizilombo tomwe timapweteka maluwa ndi mzere wa azalea, mealybug, whitefly, scrambler, kangaude, akhungu, thrips.
Palinso mitundu ina, azalea amayamba kudwala nthendayi, yomwe imakhala ndi powdery mildew, nkhungu yakuda, fusarium, dzimbiri, ndi zina.
Ngati mavuto anu akupezeka pa chomera chanu, m'pofunikira kuwathandiza ndi mankhwala. Komabe, ndikuyenera kuzindikira kuti ndi malingaliro onse pa kulima ndi kusamalira azalea, chiopsezo chotenga zilonda zilizonse kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizochepa.
Tinayesera kufotokozera zovuta zonse za momwe angasamalire maluwa a azalea. Inde, iye ali ndi zida zovuta, amafunira ndipo sangathe kukula mnyumba iliyonse osati wamkulu aliyense. Komabe, ngati mumapanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri, zimakondweretsa inu ndi maluwa ake kwa nthawi yozizira. Ndipotu, chomerachi ndi chiwindi chautali ndipo chimatha kukhala zaka 70.
