Areca amatanthauza mbewu za kanjedza. Tsopano pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mitundu yake, gawo lalikulu kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Asia, ku Australia ndi New Zealand.
Zilumba za Indian Ocean ndi Pacific Ocean ndizambiri mwa izo. Mtengowu umatchedwa areca ndi anthu achilengedwe aku Hindustan.
Kufotokozera
Nthawi zambiri thunthu la mbewu limakhala limodzi, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zingapo. Chisoti chachifumu, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi nthenga, chimawoneka chosangalatsa kwambiri, chomwe chimakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito kanjedza ngati zokongoletsera m'chipinda chilichonse.
Areca ikukula mwachangu. Zaka zisanu mutabzala, ichi ndi chomera chachikulire. Zochitika panyumba zimachepetsa kukula kwake, ndipo masamba akamakula m'nyumba sangaone. Mwachilengedwe, maluwa amphongo amakula, pomwe maluwa achikazi amakula.
Pambuyo umuna, zipatso ndi fupa limodzi zimawonekera. Kuthengo, kanjedza nthawi zambiri limamera ngati chitsamba.
Nyimbo yatsopano ya areca ndi chrysalidocarpus. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku chryseus wakale achi Greek - "golide", karpos - "zipatso", ndipo amachokera ku zipatso zachikasu za mbewu iyi.
Mitundu
| Zosiyanasiyana | Kufotokozera |
| Catechu (betel) | Mtengo wa mgwalangwa, wamkati, umatha kukula mpaka 3 m, ndipo mwachilengedwe mpaka mamitala 20. Masamba a Cirrus amafikira kutalika kwa 2 m. Chomerachi chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira dongosolo lamanjenje ndipo chimapereka mphamvu pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale sinali imodzi yamankhwala. |
| Areca chikasu (lutuskens) | Mitundu yaying'ono. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala 10 m, kunyumba - 2 mamita. Masamba ndi achikasu, ali ndi mawonekedwe opindika. |
| Atatu-asca | Ikakula m'nyumba, imafikira 3 m, masamba okhala ndi glossy, imanunkhira ngati ndimu, imakhala ndi thunthu loposa imodzi. |
Areca chisamaliro kunyumba
Kusamalira kunyumba ndikofunikira kuti zibwezeretsedwe zachilengedwe ngati mitengo ya kanjedza. Mtengowo umatha kujambulidwa ndipo umakonda chinyezi chambiri mchipindacho. Madzi othirira angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kuwonjezera kwa mandimu kapena kusungunuka. Monga feteleza ayenera kusakaniza feteleza wamaminolo ndi michere.
| Parameti | Chilimwe cha masika | Kugwa nthawi yachisanu |
| Kuwala | Patsani kuwala kosiyanitsidwa wamphamvu. Valani pazenera loyang'ana kumwera. Manyazi masana. Itha kuyikidwa pazenera lakumpoto, koma malinga ndi kuwunika kokwanira. | Konzaninso zenera lakumwera. Palibe kuyatsa kowonjezera kofunikira. |
| Chinyezi | Wobadwira m'malo otentha, amakonda chinyezi. Utsi ndi madzi osasakanizidwa komanso abwino. | Musamanunze areca ngati palibe batri pafupi. |
| Kutentha | + 25 ... +30 ° С, osati kuposa +35 ° С. | + 18 ... +23 ° С, koma osatsika kuposa + 16 ° С. Ventilate koma pewani kukonzekera. |
| Kuthirira | Kuchulukitsa, katatu pa sabata. | Zosowa kwambiri. Yanikani chinyezi panthaka pomwe kutentha kwambiri. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Nthawi yochita zambiri, kawiri pamwezi uliwonse. | Kamodzi pamwezi. |
Thirani, dothi
Ndikwabwino kusamutsa areca mu Epulo. Chomera chimakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika nacho, kotero, ngakhale mitengo yazipatso zazing'ono ziyenera kusunthidwa kamodzi kokha zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Akuluakulu okhala ndi chidebe chosankhidwa moyenera amatha kuwagulitsa pakatha zaka zinayi zilizonse.
Malamulo Othandizira:
- kupulumutsa dziko lapansi;
- sankhani poto molingana ndi kukula;
- osaloleza kuzama, dothi liyenera kukhalabe pamlingo womwewo.
Gawo laling'ono liyenera kusankhidwa losaloledwa kapena acidic. Nthaka imayenera kuyamba kuthirira madzi. Tisalole kuti dothi lizikhala ndi malo oterera.
Onjezani bwino panthaka ya kanjedza:
- turf nthaka;
- nthaka yamasamba;
- humus;
- mchenga wowuma.
Chiyerekezo ndi 4: 2: 1: 1.
Njira zolerera
Kubelekanso ndi nthawi yopanga komanso yopatsa mphamvu, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito njere kapena kugawikana.
Malangizo a kumera mbeu mbali imodzi ndi imodzi:
- Zabwino Kwambiri - mu Epulo-Meyi, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
- Zilowerereni kwa masiku angapo mu yankho la imodzi ya zotsalira zazomera (Epin).
- Thirani peat ndi perlite m'mikapu.
- Mbewu ziyenera kuyikidwa mu chofowoka, koma chomizika kale, chokhala gawo limodzi. Phimbani ndi polyethylene kapena galasi.
- Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2,5, ayamba kutuluka. Sungani mbande mumdima ndi kutentha.
- Pukuta ndi kupukusa dothi pafupipafupi.
- Pakakhala masamba okhazikika pamtunduwo, sinthani pansi chifukwa cha mitengo yayikulu ya kanjedza.
Gawo:
- vumbulutsani mizu ya mbewu pukugwedeza pang'ono;
- gwirani madera owonongeka ndi choko kapena kaboni yodziyambitsa;
- sinthani mumphika watsopano wokonzedwa (malinga ndi kukula kwa mizu);
- perekani kutentha kwabwino komanso hydration yofunikira;
- pambuyo masiku 7 mpaka 12, pomwe mbewuyo ikasinthasintha, idyani ndi kuphatikizika kwa mchere, komwe ndende imayikidwa;
- Pakatha mwezi umodzi, ndikulirani mtengowo kukhala dothi wamba.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
| Vuto (zomwe zimachitika masamba) | Chifukwa | Kupewa komanso chithandizo |
| Zowala komanso zopindika. | Osakwanira potaziyamu. | Ganizirani mwayi wotere, kusankha feteleza. |
| Khalani olimba. Kukula kwa chomera kumachepetsedwa. | Pasakhale nitrogen yokwanira. | |
| Yambani kutembenukira chikaso. | Kupanda chinyezi. | Madzi mosamala, osachita mopitirira muyeso, koma osayamba. Yembekezani mpaka pamtunda wapamwamba. |
| Mawonekedwe owuma, owoneka bwino. | Kuwala kowonjezera. | Mthunzi, makamaka ngati mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono. Mitengo yachikulire yakale iyeneranso kutetezedwa masana kuchokera ku kuwala kowonjeza. |
| Fota ndi kuda. | Kutentha sikokwanira. | Chipindacho chizikhala chotentha. |
| Mapeto ake ndi owuma. | Chinyezi pang'ono. | Pukutira mbewuyo, makamaka pakatentha komanso pouma. |
| Mdima ndi kugwa. | Ukalamba | Ndikosatheka kupulumutsa kanjedza, liyenera kuchotsedwa ku mbewu zina zamkati. |
| Fizi, mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira. | Chinyezi chambiri. | Chitani ndi fungicide iliyonse, kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo. Kutsirira kuyima. |
Matenda
| Matendawa | Zizindikiro | Chithandizo |
| Zovunda | Malo amdima amtambo, pafupi ndi pansi pa mitundu ya nkhungu ya nkhuni, yomwe ili ndi fungo losasangalatsa. | Kumbani mu thanki, opanda mizu yowola komanso minofu yodwala. Finyani malo owonongeka ndi choko chophwanyika, chokhala makala. Ikani maola angapo panja. Kuyika dothi lina mumphika woyera ndikuwupatsa mphamvu ndi Glyocladine ndi Trichodemine. Thirani ndi yankho la Diskora, Baikal-EM, Alirin-B. |
| Penicillosis | Kuwala kowonekera kumawoneka pamasamba. Pambuyo pa masiku 10, mawonekedwe oyera oundana, amatayika mawonekedwe. | Madzi kamodzi pa tsiku. Masamba odulidwa amadulidwa. Patulani nkhuni ndi dothi ndi ma fugicides kwa miyezi itatu. |
| Zopatsa | Pali zopota zasiliva kapena za beige ndi zakuda zakuda. | Maola 2-3 kuti mupitilize kunyamula masamba (sopo wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena sopo ochapira). Kenako muzisamba ndi madzi ofunda. Chitani ndi Fitoferm, Mospilan, Actellik. Bwerezani sabata iliyonse. Ngati njira ziwiri kapena zitatu izi zalephera, sinthani dothi ndi mphika. |
Tizilombo
| Tizilombo | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyendetsera | Kupewa |
| Mealybug | Mabau onenepa ngati a wax. Kuthamanga kwa timadziti kuchokera ku areca ndi kufooka kwake. | Kuti muthandizidwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, Fitoferm, Arrivo, Actellic. Tsatirani malangizowo ndendende, chifukwa makonzedwe ake ali ndi zinthu zoopsa. | Yenderani mtengowo mu nthawi ndikuzindikira tizilombo. Chotsani pamanja kapena ndi nsalu yothira ndi njira yothira mowa ndi sopo. Pukutira mbewuyo ndi tincture ndi anyezi wosenda ndi kapu yamadzi otentha. Anyezi amalowetsa m'madzi otentha kwa ola limodzi. Ndiye kufinya tincture. |
| Chotchinga | Pa mbewu tubercles a bulauni mithunzi. Mabala amawoneka ndipo mbali zonse za mgwalangwa zimafa. | Mankhwala omwewo. Musanachotse tiziromboti, ikanikeni viniga, mafuta amoto, turpentine kapena palafini kuzipolopolo zawo. | |
| Whitefly | Masamba amagwada ndi kutembenukira chikasu. Plaque, wokumbukira shuga. | Chotsani kanjedza. Ikani malo osambira ndikutsuka. Kukonzedwa ndi Commander, Admiral, Iskra-Bio, Intra-Vir. | Kuti muthane ndi tizirombo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito misampha ya guluu. Patsani chinyezi chokwanira. |
| Spider mite | Petioles zimakulungidwa ndi kangaude. Mkati, malo oyera ndi oyera. Masamba amataya mawonekedwe awo ndikuwuma. | Chithandizo cha kanjedza ndi mowa uliwonse. Pambuyo pa mphindi 15-20, ikani pansi pa madzi ofunda. Utsi ndi madzi bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiyigwire kwa masiku atatu mchikwama chamagetsi. Ngati sizithandiza, kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 7-12, chitani kawiri kapena katatu ndi Omayta, Neorona, kukonzekera kwa Aktofita. | Dziwani kupezeka kwa tizilombo mu nthawi. |
Kutengera ndi malamulo osamalira a areca, kanjedza lidzakhala chokongoletsera chipinda chilichonse, chosungirako, veranda kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
