Osteospermum - Iyi ndi maluwa okongola, okongola omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Ulaya kukongoletsa minda, mabedi a maluwa ndi makonde.
Chomeracho chimachokera ku Africa - Cape Province ku South Africa.
Maluwawo ali ofanana ndi chiwombankhanga kapena chiwombankhanga, chomwe chimatchedwa chiwombankhanga cha African, daisy wa ku Africa, daisy ya maso a buluu kapena chiwombankhanga cha Cape.
Osteospermum, yomwe nthawi yaitali inayamikiridwa ndi alimi a maluwa a ku Ulaya, ikuyamba kutchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Komabe, ngati mwasankha kukongoletsa khonde lanu kapena bedi lamaluwa chifukwa cha nsanje za odutsa, samverani zodabwitsa za Cape chamomile. Komanso, posiyanitsidwa ndi makhalidwe okongoletsera komanso kutalika kwa maluwa, mbewuyo ndi yopanda ulemu.
Mukudziwa? Mu chilengedwe, shrub iyi imakula kuchokera 15 cm mpaka 1 mamita. Kwa mkati floriculture, compact hybrids ndi yosavuta ndi iwiri maluwa ndi bred.
Kukula mbande za osteosperm
Kukula kwa osteospermum kumatheka m'njira ziwiri: mbewu ndi kumtenganitsa. Koma pali mitundu yomwe ingathe kufalikira ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mbewu. Kufika kwa osteosperm n'kotheka nthawi yomweyo pamalo otseguka kupita kumalo osatha. Koma panopa, pachimake chidzafika mochedwa kwambiri. Pofuna kuyang'ana maluwa oyambirira a osteospermum, ndi bwino kukula pa mbande. 
Nthawi yofesa mbewu za mbande
Kuti zomera ziphuke mu June, ndizofunika kufesa mbewu za mbande kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Maluwawo akhoza kukula ngati chaka chokha komanso ngati chomera chosatha, malingana ndi nyengo ndi nyengo. Osterosperum imafuna nyengo yofunda kuti imere, pafupifupi 5 ° C adzakhala otentha kwambiri pamene ingabzalidwe pa mbande. Pansi pa zinthu izi, mphukira yoyamba idzaonekera mkati mwa masiku khumi.
Chinthu chopangira mbeu
Dothi la kukwera kwa osteospermum liyenera kukhala lotayirira. Monga gawo lapansi, muyenera kutenga chitsulo chosakaniza ndi tsamba la masamba, humus ndi mchenga. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito chosawilitsidwa chosasunthika peat-mchenga osakaniza mofanana kufanana.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Mbewu za zomera ndi zazikulu ndipo zimadziwika ndi bwino kumera, kotero zimatha kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo miphika. Izi zidzapewa malo osankha, omwe angawononge mizu. Palibe chifukwa chodzala mbewu zingapo m'mphika umodzi, imodzi mwa iliyonse imakwana.
Anabzala mbewu, kuzikulitsa pansi pa 0,5 masentimita, kenako zophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Ndikofunikira! Chinsinsi chachikulu cha kumera bwino ndikubzala mbewu zouma. Palibe chifukwa chowongolera, ndi bwino kukulunga mwachidule mu nsalu yonyowa. Ngati nyembazo zimanyowa, ziphuphu zidzatha.
Zomwe mbewu zimamera
Zida zomwe zimakhala ndi mbande ziyenera kujambulidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi, kuziyika pamalo ozizira komanso kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi +20 ° C. Kukula mofulumira kwa mbande za osteospermum kuchokera ku mbeu kumatha kuwoneka bwino komanso kutentha kwake. Mu kutentha, imakula kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuika mbande pa khonde lozizira, losungunuka.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu idzakula mofulumira komanso bwino ngati, musanadzale, kuwononga chipolopolo chawo cholimba: kugawa pang'ono kapena kuluma, ngati mbewu ya mpendadzuwa.
Kusamalira mmera
Mbande amafuna nthawi zonse zolimbitsa kuthirira popanda waterlogging.
Ndikofunika kudyetsa kamodzi kamodzi, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, masabata awiri musanayambe kuyika pamalo otseguka.
Pakuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa abwino ofooka njira ya organic ndi mchere feteleza. Olima ovomerezeka amakangana kuti asakanize osteospermum ndi mitundu yanji yomwe imafunikira izo.
Pakati pa akatswiri, amaonedwa kuti kutalika kwa mitundu ya zomera kumakhala koyenera kukanikizidwa pamwamba pa mphukira pa mmera, womwe umachitika kawiri. Izi zidzalola pang'ono kuchepetsa kutaya kwa mphukira, kupanga chitsamba chokongola ndikupereka mtundu wambiri.
Mbeu zovuta
Osteospermum imakhala yosasinthasintha, koma ngakhale izi, ndi zofunika kuchita kuumitsa kwa achinyamata zomera. Mapepala oyambirira atangowonekera pa mbande, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kanthawi kochepa, kutsegula zenera kapena khomo la khonde. Muyenera kuyamba kuyambira 10-15 mphindi, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera njirayi ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa +12 ° C.
Kubzala mbande za osteosperm pansi
Pamene chiopsezo cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha ndi kasupe chisanu chimatha, nthawi yoti mubzala mubwalo lotseguka imabwera m'malo opangira osteosperm.
Nthawi yobzala mbande
Mbewu zakula ndi zakula zimabzalidwa pamalo osatha kumapeto kwa May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June, malingana ndi chilengedwe ndi nyengo. 
Kusankha malo
Pakuti kubzala mbande amasankha malo otentha, otentha kwambiri, otsekedwa ndi mphepo yozizira ya mphepo. Kuunikira kwa dzuwa ndikofunikira kwa kukongola kwa maluwa, zomwe zidzakhala zochepa mumthunzi. Osteospermum iyenera kubzalidwa mu nthaka yosalala, yosasunthika, yachonde, yomwe ili bwino. Feteleza ndi bwino kupanga m'dzinja, chifukwa chomera sichimakonda kupitirira muyezo wa organic feteleza.
Kubzala mbande ndi mtunda pakati pa zomera
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka usankhe tsiku lotentha, lotentha. Zinyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dothi ladothi m'mitsuko yokonzedwa kale, ndiye kuti amawomba nthaka mozungulira ndikutsanulira madzi otentha. Osteosperm yabzalidwa, kupereka mbande ndi malo okwanira, pamtunda wa masentimita 30 mpaka 130, malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphatikiza kwa osteospermum ndi zomera zina
Osteospermum imakhala malo ofunika kwambiri kumapangidwe a malo komanso nyengo yachisanu yotchedwa balcony yojambula maluwa. Polima, zimayenda bwino ndi dzuwa, kukonda mitengo kapena zitsamba, monga gatsaniya, lobariya, bell, doroteanthus kapena felicia tender. 
Osteospermum imayang'ananso bwino ndi geraniums, geyhera, Verbena zosiyanasiyana Kujambula zofiira, rudbeckies, cosmeria ndi caliberraa. Mitengo yonse yokongoletsera ili ndi zofanana zofanana ndi kukula kwa mikhalidwe.
Kusamalira ndi kulima osteospermum
Osteospermum ndi maluwa okongola komanso osasamala, kufotokoza kwa agrotechnical miyeso ya kulima kwake ndi kusamalira kuli ndi mfundo zazikulu zingapo.
Kusamba madzi
Maluwa a osteospermum amafunikira madzi okwanira, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ouma, nyengo yotentha. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimasowa madzi ochepa, imayenera kuthiriridwa kuti zisawononge nthaka. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, duwa sililoleza dothi lonyowa kwambiri. Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka ndi kupalira.
Kudya zakudya
Ma daisy a ku Africa amafunika kudyetsedwa katatu pa nyengo, amachepetsa nthawi ya maluwa ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale wobiriwira komanso wochulukirapo. Kuvala koyamba kumapangidwa masiku 15-20 patatha masiku ochepa, kenako chimakhala chimodzi mwa nthawi ya mphukira, musanayambe maluwa. Kudyetsa kotsiriza kumapangidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Superphosphate ndi potaziyamu nitrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza molingana ndi malangizo. Komanso feteleza oyenerera okolola maluwa. 
Kudulira inflorescences
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo maluwa a mbewu ndikuonetsetsa kuti chitukukocho sichikudziwika bwino, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse muchotse maluwa a inflorescences. Zimasokoneza kukula kwa osteospermum, kuziphimba.
Mmene mungapulumutsire osteospermum m'nyengo yozizira
Pofuna kulima osteospermum ngati chomera chosatha, m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kuisamutsira ku chipinda chowala, chozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchepetsedwa, mwinamwake maluwawo amwalira ngati chinyezi chikuposa. Kumalo otseguka, zomera zimatha nyengo yozizira kumadera akum'mwera, kumene kutentha sikugwera pansi pa madigiri 10 Celsius. Pankhaniyi, imangotetezedwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Osteospermum ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa chilala kuposa chikondi cha chinyezi. Pankhani ya kuyanika kwa nthaka, chomeracho chidzagwetsa masamba, chidzafota, koma nthaka ikangotenga mchere, imatsitsimutsa ndi kubwezeretsa. Madzi ochepa ndi owopsa kwambiri - mukhoza kutaya maluwa kwamuyaya.
Osteospermum kusinthanitsa
Njira yachiwiri yoberekera ya osteospermum ikuthandizanitsa, zomwe zimakulolani kuti mubweretse zizindikiro zonse zomwe mumakonda. Cuttings nthawi zambiri kukolola mu January-February, ngakhale n'zotheka kudula iwo kumapeto kwa dzinja - kumayambiriro kwa autumn. 
Cuttings kudula pambali kuchokera pamwamba pa chomera. Mapepala otsika amachotsedwa, ndikusiya ena apamwamba. Pofuna kubzala mizu, muyenera kuika timadzi timadzi m'madzi pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kenaka tifanireni bwino miphika yokonzedwa ndi mchere wothira humus, dziko, ndi mchenga.
Pambuyo pake, cuttings ndi sprayed, yokutidwa ndi kanema ndi kupereka rooting mpweya kutentha osachepera kuposa +20 ° C. Mizu ya osteosperm isanayambe kudulidwa amasungidwa mu nyengo yozizira mpaka masika. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa frosts cuttings obzalidwa m'malo osatha.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya osteospermum
Osteospermum ndi banja la Astrovye ndipo liri ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi mitundu - pachaka ndi yosatha. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi Ekton osteosperm. Ndi nthambi yabwino yosatha shrub ndi tsinde lalikulu lomwe limalimidwa m'madera ozizira. 
Odyetsa atenga mitundu iyi monga maziko kuti abweretse mitundu yatsopano yowakanizidwa, yotchuka kwambiri kwa iwo:
- Buttermilk - maluwa otumbululuka achikasu ndi masamba obiriwira;
- Silver Sparkler - white inflorescences, masamba obiriwira ndi white splashes;
- Congo - imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya osteospermum, yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa ofiira a pinki;
- Zulu - maluwa a mdima wonyezimira;
- Kumwamba ndi ayezi - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola ndi maluwa achilendo osadabwitsa;
- Volta - maluwa osiyanasiyana omwe amasintha mtundu wawo kuchokera ku lilac-pinki mpaka woyera;
- Bamba - komanso maluwa osiyanasiyana, maluwa omwe, mosiyana, amasintha kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka kufiira;
- Pemba - maluwa apaderadera, aang'ono omwe amapotozedwa mpaka theka;
- Sandy pinki - zomera, pinki pinki, malirime omwe ali ngati supuni;
- Nthanda yakuda - mwapang'ono kuposa mamita mita mamita, maluwawa ali ndi mapiri osazolowereka, halos bango limene liri loyera pamwamba ndi pansi liri labuluu, ndipo lirime lililonse likulumikizidwa limodzi.
Okonza malo ndi olima maluwa amaluwa nthawi zambiri amalima mitundu yochepa ya osteospermum mu bedi la maluwa. Chofunika kwambiri pazokha ndi mtundu wa Eklon osteosperm ndi tchire chokula. Izi zimaphatikizapo mndandanda wotchuka wa Peshn, womwe umakhala ndi mtundu wambiri komanso tchire (mpaka 30 cm). Maluwa amenewa ndi ofanana kwambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu aziganiza mofanana ndi kubzala ndikukula bwino. Makamaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi supuni: Masamba a Gnome ndi Lace la Pink. 
Mtundu wina wamba wa chomera ichi ndi osteosperm. Izi, mofanana ndi Eclona, ndizo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe inayambira maziko a mitundu yatsopano yatsopano. Mitundu yotchedwa inflorescences ya mitundu iyi ndi mchere, imatha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi: yoyera, pinki, yofiira, violet, buluu. Mitundu yodabwitsa ya mitundu iyi - Lady Leytrim - maluwa oyera; Mpweya wotsekemera wonyezimira, ukuwunikira kumunsi; ndi moto wa Bengal - maluwa osazolowereka, okhala ndi mbali pambali kutsogolo yoyera, komanso mozungulira - buluu.
