Rose (rozhan, erysipelas, rouge) - chomera cha mtundu wa rosehip. Ambiri mwa mitundu ya rozhany adapezedwa chifukwa cha mobwerezabwereza mitandalala ndi nthawi yaitali kusankha. Kumtchire, maluwa akhoza kupezeka ngati mawonekedwe a tchire. Chomerachi chili ndi mitundu iwiri ya nthambi zosatha - mtundu wa chiberekero, kapena wachisanu, ndi mitundu isanu ya mphukira ya pachaka: kupanga, kukula, mafuta, syleptic komanso msanga. Maluwa amabwera mosiyanasiyana: chikasu, chofiira, choyera, ndi zina zotero. Maonekedwe awo amadalira zomera zosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kufika masentimita 18.
Nthawi yabwino yopita
Ngati mwasankha kudzala maluwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, muyenera kudziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungayamire. Kudzala msipu ndibwino chifukwa mungathe kuona kukula ndi kukula kwa duwa, ndikukonza zolakwika zomwe sizikuvomerezeka. Ngati mutabzala duwa pa kugwa, simudzakhalanso ndi mwayi wokonzanso chitukuko cha mbeu. Inde, ndipo mavuto adzawonjezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kulingalira moyenera nthawi yobzala, kuti duwa ikhale ndi nthawi yokhala pansi chisanu choyamba chisanu.
Ndikofunikira! Kumadera akummwera a dziko lathu, n'zotheka kudzala maluwa nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira, pamene kumpoto kokha kumakhala nthawi yabwino yobzala.
Nthaŵi yobzala m'chaka imadalira zomera zosiyanasiyana. Mafotolo ali ndi mizu yotsekedwa ndipo masamba akulu ayenera kubzalidwa pamene chisanu chidzatha. Kumpoto kwa Russia frosts akhoza kupitiriza mpaka m'ma June. Choncho, sikoyenera kudzala baka kale. Komabe, pakadali pano, duwa likhoza kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikusamalira bwino.
Musanabzala mfuti, ndibwino kudziwa nyengo kwa milungu iwiri yokha. Ngati kulibe chisanu, maluwawo amabzalidwa pansi. Ngati chimakhala chozizira chodzidzimutsa, chomerachi chiyenera kumangidwa ndi lutrasil.
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala maluwa ndi yotsekedwa mizu ndikumapeto kwa May, chifukwa maluwa ali ndi mizu yotseguka - kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April. Tsiku labwino lodzala maluwa limatenthedwa, ndipo nthawi yabwino kwambiri yamadzulo. Kubzala maluwa kumapeto kwa nthaka ayenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwabwino. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri apa n'chakuti dzuwa limatentha kwambiri. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha, ndiye kuti maluwawo akhoza kuphimbidwa ndi masamba a spruce mpaka atakhazikitsidwa pamalo atsopano.
Maluwa ngati matalala, matawuni, tlips, daffodils, alissum, phlox, primroses, laureate, cleoma, omwe anabzala pakati pa maluwa, alandire chakudya chowonjezereka podyetsa maluwa ndi kuwasakaniza ndi kompositi.
Kodi kusankha mbande
Ngati mukufuna tchire wokongola kuti tisamalire munda wanu kapena mtunda kwa zaka zambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha bwino pamene mukugula, ndikubzala maluwa molondola komanso pamene mukukula bwino mosamala.
Malamulo oyambirira ogula
Mitundu yosasankhidwa yosasankhidwa, yomwe siyenerana ndi nyengo yathu ndi mtundu wa nthaka, ikhoza kufa msanga. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati malinga ndi njira zina zosankhira maluwa abwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti idzaphuka bwino kwa zaka zambiri. Kusankha mbande yoyenera, tsatirani mfundo zotsatirazi:
- Pa gawo loyambirira, muyenera kusankha zosiyanasiyana ndikufunsa wogulitsa za kukula kwa maluwa. Kenaka, muyenera kudziwa zonse zomwe zimasankhidwa (chiyambi ndi nthawi ya maluwa, kukula, kubwereza kwa maluwa, chitsamba, etc.);
- Mbande zingagulitsidwe ngati zitsamba zamezanitsidwa, ndi zawo. Ngati chitsamba chikuphatikizidwa, ndiye kuti uyenera kupeza mtundu wa greftti womwe umadziphatikizidwa. Musaiwale kufunsa za zaka za mbewu;
- Ndi bwino kugula mbande, zomwe zaka zawo sizidutsa zaka 2-3. Mitengo yotereyi, ngati ikulumikizidwa bwino, imakhazikika mizu panthaka yatsopano ndipo imakhala yovuta kupirira chisanu;
- Maluwa otsika pa mizu yawo omwe amakula pang'ono. Amatha kufa nthawi yoyamba chisanu (ngati maluwa alibe nthawi yokwanira kukula mizu). Koma ngati mutagula rosi pamidzi yanu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuopa, maluwa amenewa akhoza kusamalidwa bwinobwino, makamaka popeza ali ndi ubwino wambiri. Chomera chotero ndi chabwino chifukwa chakuti chilibe nthambi yambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mizu yolimba m'nthaka;
- Mukamagula mbande popanda mizu, muyenera kumvetsetsa msinkhu komanso kukula kwa zimayambira (zina ziyenera kukhala zolimba). Zotsalirazo zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso mawonekedwe atsopano. Ngati atakwinya, izi zikhoza kusonyeza matenda aliwonse a duwa;
- Ubwino wa mbande umasonyezedwanso m'zinthu zakunja: sayenera kukhala malo; mapesi, masamba ndi mizu ayenera kukhala bwino bwino; impso zisakhale mu kusintha kwa gawo la kukula;
- Mizu yosadulidwa ya mmera imayenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kuchepetsa 30 g zamkuwa sulphate mu chidebe cha madzi ndikuchepetsanso maluwawo kwa maola angapo).
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba maluwa anayamba kukula ku Roma wakale. M'ntchito za olemba Achiroma ine ndikukumbukira pafupifupi mitundu khumi ya maluwa.Amaluwa ambiri amagula mbande zomwe zili zooneka bwino. Koma kusankha maluwa sikuti kwapadera. Kuti chomera chikule kwa nthawi yaitali pa tsamba lanu, tsatirani malangizo onsewa.
Momwe mungapulumutsire mbande musanadzalemo
Nthawi zina, musanabzala mbande maluwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, amafunika nthawi yopulumutsa. Izi zimachitika nthawi imene msewu sunakhazikitse nyengo yabwino yobzala. Zitha kusungidwa m'firiji, pakhomo kapena m'chipale chofewa. 
Ngati rozhan ikupumula (nthawi yomwe duwa silinayambe kukula), ikhoza kuikidwa pakhomo la firiji. Pamwamba pa maluwa anaika phukusi ndi mabowo kapena pepala la Kraft. Pakadutsa masiku asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri, sapling ayenera kupopedwa ndi madzi. Pamene kutentha kwa firiji ndi 1 ... +3 ºС, nyemba zingasungidwe kwa miyezi 1.5-2.
Ngati maluwa atulukira kale, ndiye kuti amabzala m'miphika. Zida zabwino kwambiri zidzakhala zitsulo zamitali ziwiri. M'dziko lino, ananyamuka tchire akhoza kusungidwa pa khonde kwa nthawi yaitali. Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 0, ndipo ngati kugwa, ndi bwino kunyamula maluwa m'nyumba. Onetsetsani kuti mbande ziri mumthunzi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati kutentha kwa firiji kuli pafupi + 5 ... +6 ºС, ndiye kuti duwa lingapereke mphukira zakuda.
Zikatero, maluwawo amawonjezeredwa kukula. Musanabzala panthaka, ayenera kuumitsa. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, mutsegule mawindo pa khonde, ndipo kenako - kupanga miphika ya zomera pansi pa thambo. Koma njira iyi yopulumutsira mbande imakhala ndi zotsatirazi: maluwa angakhudzidwe ndi kangaude. Pofuna kupewa izi, chomeracho chiyenera kupopedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi. Musanafike pansi, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ambiri samadziwa momwe angapulumutsidwire maluwa komanso kuti adzalitse bwanji mvula isanayambe. Anthu amadabwa makamaka chifukwa chakuti mbande zingasungidwe mu chisanu.
Ngati maluwawo amera, ndiye kuti ziphuphu zotalika kwambiri ziyenera kuthyoledwa. Pofuna kusunga chomera chipale chofewa, chiyenera kuikidwa m'kabokosi kabokosi ndi kukonkhedwa ndi peat, kuikidwa pambali pa bwalo pomwe chisanu chidzakhala chotalika kwambiri. Bokosi lapamwamba lokhala ndi lutrasil ndi lowazidwa ndi chisanu.
Mukudziwa? Kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa kungachedwetsedwe ngati nthambi za pinini kapena spruce zikuikidwa pamwamba pa chisanu cha chisanu.
Ngati musunga mbande mu chisanu, ndiye kuti sadzachita mantha. M'bokosi pansi pa chisanu, kutentha kudzakhala kozungulira 0ºС. Zoona, chipale chofewa chidzasungunuka kale kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, chomwe chikutanthauza kuti mbande iyenso iyenera kubzalidwa kale. Koma palibe cholakwika ndi icho.
Mmene mungamere maluwa m'munda
Kuyala kokongola kwa maluwa kunagulidwa masika - chikole cha maonekedwe a munda wamaluwa wokongola mumunda wanu. Chaka chilichonse mungasangalale ndi kukongola kwa maluwa a Rouge.
Kusankha malo
Roses - zomera zotentha kutentha, ndipo m'chilimwe amafunikira dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri ofika pamtunda adzatetezedwa ku mphepo ndi malo abwino. Mukhoza kubzala maluwa kummwera chakumwera kwa munda, chifukwa duwa limasangalala ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Kukula maluwa osiyanasiyana kunaloledwa kubzala m'malo amdima.
Werengani za zomera zoterezi, streptosolen, spathiphyllum, nightshade, scandus, shefler, sansevieriya, poinsettia, plumeria ndi philodendron.
Maluwa amodzi osasamala popanga dothi. Choncho, akhoza kubzalidwa pamtunda uliwonse komanso m'munda uliwonse. Koma nthawi zina amazika mizu pa dothi lopanda mchenga komanso loyera. Ndiponso, duwa silivomerezedwa kuti liyike kumalo kumene madzi akuyandikira pafupi.
Mukudziwa? Kusankhidwa kwa maluwa kumayambitsa pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1800.
Pitani kukonzekera
Chombo chiyenera kukumba mu kukula kwake kuti mizu ya chomera ikhale yaikulu. Ngati dothi liri lachonde, ndiye kukula kwake kwa dzenje ndiko 0.5 × 0.5 mamita. Ngati dothi liri loyera, ndiye kuti kuya kwa dzenje kumatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 0,6-0.7 mamita, ndipo m'lifupi simunasinthe.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuteteza mbande ku dzuwa lowala kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda nsalu zomwe zimakwirira maluwa.Musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kukonzekera mchere wosakaniza. Chikhoza kukhala ndi humus, manyowa ovunda ndi kompositi. Mapangidwe amenewa sayenera kugwirizana ndi mizu, choncho imayenera kutsanuliridwa mu dzenje ndipo imadetsedwa ndi dothi lochepa. Pambuyo pake, tsitsani 1-1.5 malita a madzi pamenepo ndipo dikirani mpaka mutenge. Ngati duwa liri ndi mizu yotsekedwa, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kumasula mizu kuchokera pansi. Ngati muzu uli waufulu, umfupikitsidwa ku 1/3 wa kutalika, ndipo umalowa muzu kukula stimulator kwa 1.5-2 maola.
Ndondomeko ndi malamulo oyendetsa
Musanabzala, mphukira ziyenera kudula molingana ndi malamulo otsatirawa:
- Mu hybrid tea ndi polyanthus maluwa, mphukira zimadulidwa kuti 2-3 masamba akhalebe pa aliyense wa iwo;
- Mu floribunda maluwa, masamba 3-4 ayenera kusiya;
- M'maluwa a paki, mphukira zimachepetsedwa ndi masentimita 10-15;
- Kuti chivundikiro chikhalepo, muyenera kusintha mizu (kudula magawo okha a mizu).
Mukudziwa? Kulongosola koyambirira kwa sayansi kwa roses kunali katswiri wa sayansi yakale wachi Greek, filosofi ndi sayansi ya Theophrastus.Pambuyo kudulira, mmera uli wokonzeka kubzala. Maluwa ayenera kubzalidwa kuti malo opatsirana katemera akhale 5-7 cm pansi. Ndikofunika kuchotsa sera kuchokera pamalo olowera, ngati alipo. Pambuyo pa mmerawo, uli ndi dothi, liyenera kuyanjana ndi kuthiriridwa. Izi zimachitidwa kuchotsa mavuvu ochulukirapo kuchokera pansi. Kotero, kukhudzana kwabwino kwa nthaka kumayambira. Kenaka, muyenera kutsuka mmera pa 10-15 masentimita mu msinkhu. Zithunzizi zingachotsedwe mu masabata awiri kapena atatu, pamene mbeuyo yakhazikika.
Ndipotu, njira yogula ndi kubzala maluwa ndi yophweka, ndipo pamapeto pake mudzalandira maluwa okongola m'munda umene udzakondwereni kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri.
