Mtengo wa nthula ndi mtengo wodziyimira wokonda chinyezi wa banja lachi Arrian. Amakondedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi am'madzi kuti azikongoletsa kutsogolo. Kuchokera ku dzina la Chilatini - Hydrocotyle - mndandanda wa dzina lachi Russia - hydrocotyl - adadzuka.
Kufotokozera
Zomera zimapezeka kwambiri kumadera otentha komanso kotentha kum'mwera kwa Asia, ngakhale mitundu ina imapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia. Imakula m'madzi achilengedwe, ngakhale imatha kukhala panthaka yonyowa bwino. Oyimira ambiri amtunduwu ndiwosatha, koma mbewu zapachaka zimapezekanso.
Hydrocotyl samakula, koma molimba. Zoyala zowonda zopyapyala zimakutidwa ndi timiyendo totalika pafupifupi masentimita awiri kuchokera kwina. Kuchokera paliponse, masamba ozungulira 2-3 amapangidwa pamtunda wa petioles. Petiole imatha kutalika mpaka 20-30 cm. Mphukira ndi zobiriwira zowala, masamba masamba amafanana ndi maluwa amadzi. Danga la tsamba limatha kukhala 2 cm mpaka 4. Pansi pa rosette iliyonse yomwe ili ndi masamba, mizu yokhala ndi mafilimu imapangidwa, yomwe imamatirira nthaka mosavuta.
Kuwala kokwanira, pofika pakati pa chilimwe, maambulera ang'onoang'ono am'madzi amtunduwu amachokera pansi pa masamba. Maluwa ndi ang'onoang'ono, oyera chipale chofewa. Nthawi zina corolla imapeza kuwala pang'ono kwa zobiriwira, zofiirira, zapinki kapena zachikasu. Maluwa ooneka ngati mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu ndi nsonga yolunjika. Mapaipi okhala ngati mbewa amatuluka pang'ono pakati. Chipatso chomwe chimakhala ngati mbewu chimakhala ndi pentagonal ovoid mawonekedwe ndipo chimayalidwa pang'ono m'mbali, mpaka 5 mm kutalika.
Zosiyanasiyana
Odziwika kwambiri pakati pamadzi am'madzi amalandira khonde. Amakhala m'malo onyowa a Argentina ndi Mexico. Mbewuyi imasinthidwa kukhala madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso kukula kwa pansi pa madzi. Mukakhala mu aquarium, mosazindikira, imasinthasintha mwachangu kusintha kulikonse ndikuyamba kukula. Amatha kukwera pamwamba pa dothi masentimita 50. Kukula komwe kumayambira ndi gawo lozungulira paliponse kutalika kumakutidwa ndi masamba. Tsamba la nthula limamera mwachangu pansi pa mzere wamadzi ndikufalikira pamwamba pake. Kuti maluwa ena onse athe kulandira nyali zokwanira, zimayenera kudulidwamo. Kupanga malo abwino mu aquarium, amaikidwa kumbuyo kapena koyang'ana mbali. Magawo a madzi otsatirawa ndiabwino kwambiri:
- acidity: 6-8;
- Kutentha: + 18 ... + 28 ° C;
- Zowunikira: 0.5 W / L.
Chitsamba chamtengo amapezeka m'madzi atsopano kapena otentha ku Southeast Asia. Osatha amakopa mtundu wowala, wobiriwira wa neon. Chomera ndichofanana kwambiri, sichikwera m'mwamba, koma chimafalikira pansi. Tsinde mu mawonekedwe a ndevu zopyapyala zomwe zimakhala ndi ma internode zimamera pansi, masamba okha omwe amakhala ndi petioles kutalika (10 cm). Masamba ozungulira amakhala ochepa, masentimita 1-3, m'mphepete mwake. Kukula kwabwinobwino, madzi amayenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- acidity: 6.2-7.4;
- kuuma: 1-70;
- kutentha: + 20 ... + 27 ° C.
Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti azidyetsa nthawi zonse ndi mpweya woipa komanso kusintha osachepera 20% amadzi mu aquarium kamodzi pa sabata.
Mtengo wa nthula ukuwomba amakhala kumadera otentha komanso kotentha kwa South ndi North America. Kusinthidwa kumoyo pansi pamadzi ndi pamtunda. Masamba a masamba nthawi zambiri safika mainchesi atatu, ngakhale atakwezedwa pamlingo wautali wa 10 cm.
Maofesi amisala otchuka amapezeka kumwera kwa Europe ndi Caucasus. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina chifukwa samathamangira pamwamba pamadzi. Mphukira zake zimakwera pansi pa malo osungira. Masamba ndi okulirapo, ofikira masentimita 6-8. Amakhala ofanana pansi ndipo amafanana ndi matebulo osalala pamiyendo yayitali. Petioles nthawi zambiri limakula ndi masentimita 15-18. Chomera chimakonda kutentha pang'ono kwam'madzi, koma sichimazizira nyengo yotentha.
Thistle sibtorpioides Ndiwokongoletsa kwambiri chifukwa cha masamba ake osema. Wokakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi wovuta komanso wovuta kulima. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi 15-40 masentimita kuchokera pansi. Phesi lachifundo limatha kuwira pansi kapena kuwuka m'mphepete mwa madzi. Timapepala tating'onoting'ono timatalika kwa petioles 11 cm. Dawo lawo ndi masentimita 0.5-2. Kuti chomera chizere mu mizu, ndikofunikira kuti chithandizire kuyatsa kowala ndikuthira manyowa ndi kaboni. Zofunikira zamadzi ndi izi:
- acidity: 6-8;
- kutentha: + 20 ... + 28 ° C.
Mtengo wa Thistle Asia kapena India ku Ayurveda amadziwika kuti "Gotu Kola" kapena "Brahmi". Ndi dziko losiyana siyana. Kutalika ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Masamba okhala ndi masamba awiri awiri masentimita 2-5 amapangidwira. Masamba ndiwotukuka, ovate, omwe amalumikizidwa ku tsinde ndi petioles masentimita 8-9. Pa iliyonse yamaluwa atatu amtundu wa pinki wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1-5 mm amawululidwa. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi mankhwala ake. Mu mankhwala akummawa, mphukira ndi masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala othana ndi kutupa, othandizira, othandizira mabala ndi mankhwala oyembekezera. Mankhwala ozikidwa panjira amathandizira kukonza kufalikira kwa ubongo ndipo amatengedwa ngati othandizira kwambiri muubongo.
Njira zolerera
Chifukwa cha mizu yomwe imapangidwa pamtundu uliwonse wa tsinde, thyristol ndiyosavuta kufalitsa ndikugawa. Ndikofunikira kudula tsamba limodzi ndi mizu imodzi kapena zingapo ndikuzibzala m'malo yatsopano. Ndi kuwala kokwanira komanso magawo abwino amadzi, kumuika sikudzapweteka konse.
Kusamalira mbewu
Nthambi imakonda dothi kapena dothi lamchenga. Kuchepetsa kuwunikira, ngakhale mitundu ina imalola pang'ono kuti ichotse. Potseguka, mbewu sizimazizira, ndiye kuti zina mwa zigawo zimakumbidwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira, kuziika m'matumba ndikuzisunga m'chipinda chotentha.
Mukakulitsidwa mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala gawo lamadzi. Izi zipatsa mmera mwayi wopezeka muzakudya zofunika. Muwowa, hydrocotyl imabzalidwa mumchenga wowuma wosakanizika ndi miyala yabwino. Chifukwa chake ndi kotheka kuti madziwo aziwonekera. Kuti mizu ikhale ndi chakudya chokwanira, matumba ang'onoang'ono, dothi, makala kapena zidutswa za peat zimayikidwa pansi pa mchenga.
Kuti mudziwe bwino za zomera za m'madzi, muyenera kuwongolera kukula kwa Wormwood ndi chepetsa munthawi yake. Zosefukira ndi kayendedwe kalikonse ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisagwere zonenepa.
Mitundu ina ndioyenera kukula mumphika wamba, ndikokwanira kupereka madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Mphika uyenera kusankhidwa dongo ndikudzaza ndi mafuta ochulukirapo.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Malo otchedwa pennywort adzakhala chokongoletsera chabwino osati chokhacho cha aquarium, komanso gawo la m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Ndikwabwino kuti mubzale mumabokosi akuya okhala ndi dothi lomwe madzi osefukira, omwe amatengedwa kunja kwa chilimwe. Mtengowo umakhala ngati mbeta ndipo umapereka udzu wowala pamphepete kapena pamadzi.
Mu aquarium, ma greens owala bwino amakopa chidwi ndipo nthawi yomweyo adzakhala malo odalirika a nsomba zazing'ono. Popeza masamba ambiri amakhala cholepheretsa kuunika, ndikofunikira kuti oyandikana ndi omwe azikhala ndi mitengo yokhala mumlengalenga.
