Bacopa: kufotokoza kwa mbewu
Kawirikawiri timakongoletsa malo athu, masitepe kapena gazebos ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino monga mapiko, petunias, nasturtiums. Koma ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwonjezerapo chinthu chosavuta komanso chosasangalatsa. Maluwa omwe adangotumizidwa kuchokera ku Ulaya, omwe timadziwika ndi dzina lakuti "suter" (dzina lachilatini - Bacopa) ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonjezeramo!
Lingaliro la "Bacopa" limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa zana ya zomera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala kumadera otentha ndi ozizira. Amwenye akumidzi ndi Australia, Africa, America, India, Asia, ndi zilumba za Canary, koma posachedwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, monga chomera cholimidwa ndi munthu.
Nthawi ya maluwa mu chikhalidwe ichi imatha nthawi yayitali, ndipo maluwa a bakopa amawoneka okongola ngakhale mvula yayitali kapena nyengo zina zowonongeka, monga chomeracho chimatsukidwa ndi masamba osabvunda okha.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndizosachita manyazi, zomwe zimayesedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito pobzala mitengo, zokongoletsera zokongoletsera m'madzi, komanso kumapangidwe ka malo, kuphatikizapo kukongoletsa matabwa ndi madzi.
Mu mawonekedwe bakopa - Ichi ndi chomera cha bushy chomwe chimakhala ndi zimayendedwe yaitali, masamba obiriwira obiriwira bwino komanso okongola kwambiri, maluwa a buluu kapena pinki omwe ali pambali yonse ya mphukira. Maluwawo amachitika m'magulu angapo: amayamba kwambiri, ndiye kukula kwake kumachepetsanso mobwerezabwereza.
Mphukira ya bacopa ikhoza kugwa mofulumira kuchokera ku miphika yopachikidwa pamtunda. Zovuta zina zimayambika kokha chifukwa chakuti mbewuyo imapitirizabe kukongoletsa kokha chaka choyamba cha moyo, ndipo m'zaka zotsatira zimadutsa kwambiri, kotero kuti chitsamba chiyenera kusinthidwa pachaka. 
Mukudziwa? Kuphatikiza pa makhalidwe okongoletsera, Bacopa ali ndi ntchito yothandiza kwambiri: imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala, komanso mu cosmetology.
Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu yolima zomera Bacopa
Ambiri amakonda kuphika ndi maluwa oyera. Komabe, mayesero osankhidwa a zaka zaposachedwapa, omwe adachitika m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi, athandiza maonekedwe osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana: ndi mitundu yowonjezereka, mthunzi wawo wosintha, komanso mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa awiri, ndi zina zotero kale. Ndipo izi zikuchitika nthawi zonse!
Kuti musankhe bomba linalake, mumayenera kuchoka pamalo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi chomera komanso malo omwe mungathe kukwaniritsa. Choncho, ma hybrids omwe ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndi abwino kwambiri ndi amtengo wapatali kuposa mitundu yachikhalidwe.
Choncho, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito Bacopa pamagulu ofanana, ndi bwino kugula njira yosadzichepetsa, popeza mphukira imakhala ndi mphukira yayitali, yomwe idzawoneka bwino ngakhale ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
Ngati pali chilakolako chokongoletsera aquarium kapena dziwe pa malo, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito Karolinska mtundu sutra (Bacopa caroliniana) kapena Monnier (Bacopa monnieri) - Mbalamezi zimakhala zokwawa komanso zoyera, maluwa ofiira kapena a buluu omwe ali ochepa kwambiri. 
Kukongoletsa masitepe, zipinda ndi malo otseguka omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu "Blutopia" ndi maluwa okongola ndi "Snowtopia" - ndi zoyera.
Kuti tithandizeni kusankha, tiyeni tiime pa mitundu ingapo ya bacopa. Mwachitsanzo, "Bacopa ndi wokongola" (dzina lachilatini ndi Bacopa diffuses, komanso Vasora speciosa) ndi chitsamba chokongola kwambiri chokhala ndi mawonekedwe aatali ndi maluwa aakulu omwe ali ndi maluwa omwe ali oyera, a buluu kapena a pinki.
Mu mitundu monga Bacopa Snowflake ndi Cabana, maluwawo ndi aakulu, ndipo Bacopa cordata ali ndi thupi lokhala ndi mtima wambirimbiri, ali ndi mithunzi yofiira, yofiira kapena yofiira.
Kusankha malo a mabomba
Posankha malo oti abwerere Bacopa, m'pofunika kuti apitirizepo kuti chomera chidzakula bwino popanda kutentha kwakukulu masana, koma kuwala kokwanira m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pofuna kuteteza suter ku dzuwa, mungagwiritse ntchito mthunzi wachilengedwe kuti zomera zapamwamba ziponye. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba imakhudza mosiyana ndi dzuwa. 
Kutentha
Bacopa imasinthidwa kuti zisinthe kutentha kwadzidzidzi, kotero zimatha kukula pamtunda kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Komabe, ziyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chisanu chachisanu cha chisanu chakhala chovuta kwambiri pa zomera.
Kuunikira
Suter ndi zomera zowonda, ndipo kukula kwa maluwa kumadalira kuchuluka kwake kwa dzuwa: mu penumbra, Bacopa adzamva bwino, koma izi zimapangitsa kuti maluwa aziwoneka bwino: nthambi zimatambasula kutalika, ndipo padzakhala maluwa ochepa kwambiri ngakhale nthawi zina mumthunzi wa bacopa sizimafalikira konse.
Chomera chomera
Bacopa sichisiyana ndi zofuna zake pa nthaka, koma zonsezi ndizoyenera nthaka kuti ikhale yochepa kwambiri (pH 6.5). Kuwonjezera apo, nthakayo iyenera kupindulitsidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi kukhala ndi ngalande zabwino.
Pofuna kulima chomera pamtunda, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera peat, komabe muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti Bacopa imakula bwino miphika ya maluwa, makamaka ngati mumasakaniza mchenga, humus ndi peat mu gawo la masamba.
Tikufika Bacopa
Bacopa yaitali mphukira angagwiritsidwe ntchito zonse zojambula ndi zosaoneka. Pachiyambi choyamba, amatha kupita kutsogolo ndi kulimbikitsidwa kuti khoma lipeze (mwachitsanzo, lokhazikika pamtunda wokhoma kapena mpanda) kapena ayi, yikani mphika ndi chomera kuti mphukira ikhale mwaulere. Kudyetsa kokwanira kumakuthandizani kuti mupange bwino chivundikiro chomera kuchokera ku bakopa.
Ngati sutere ikukula pamalo otseguka, kukwera kwake kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa masika a chisanu.
Mtunda pakati pa zomera ziyenera kusungidwa chifukwa cha kukula kwa chitsamba chimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mulimonsemo, kuti akhale womasuka, m'pofunika kuchoka pafupi ndi malo osachepera masentimita 10, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimathandiza kuwonjezera mtundawu.
Tekeni yamakono zosavuta. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa ndi nthaka yowonongeka ndi yonyowa, pambuyo pake madzi akudzaza kuti asawonongeke madzi.
Kuchokera kumwamba, chotsaliracho chimadulidwa pang'ono ndi dothi, ndiyeno chomeracho chimayikidwa bwino.
Kenaka, dzenje liyenera kudetsedwa ndi dziko lapansi komanso mopepuka kwambiri. Mutangomaliza kubzala, mbewuyo imathiriridwa mochuluka, ndipo pambuyo pake iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti nthaka nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa pokhala, monga momwe bacopa sichimathandizira nthaka youma ndi youma kwambiri.
Kusamalira Zomera
Bacopa ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, koma kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa ambiri ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, kutsatira malamulo ena ndi kofunikira basi.
Kuthirira mbewu
Kuthirira ndi mwina chinthu chachikulu chimene bacopa amafunikira. Mukangoyamba kubzala komanso nthawi yotentha, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa kawiri patsiku, popeweratu chinyezi pamatentha nyengo (nthawi yabwino yothira ndikumayambiriro ndi madzulo).
Ndimayamikira kwambiri, Bacopa nayenso amavomereza kukonzedwa kozitsitsimula, komwe kangapangidwe kawiri patsiku, ngakhale kuti chomeracho chikayamba kupanga masamba, mvula iyenera kuimitsidwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, Bacopa amalowa mu mpumulo, kutanthauza kuti panthawiyi chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ngati dothi lokha.
Feteleza ndi kuvala
Pakati pa kukula kwachangu (kasupe-autumn), bakopu iyenera kudyetsedwa katatu pamwezi ndi organic ndi mchere feteleza (kenako).
Kuchokera ku mchere wothirira mafuta, chofunika kuperekedwa kwa potashi ndi nayitrogeni, kuphatikizapo, chomera chimafuna manganese ndi magnesium kuti zikhale bwino. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa masamba kuphika kwambiri, ndipo zomera zokha - zamphamvu.
Bacopa Akuyendetsa
Bakopa wosadziwika ndi mphukira zochepa sizimawoneka zokongoletsa. Choncho, bwino bushiness ndi korona mapangidwe, chomera ayenera kuyamba kutsina mwamsanga pambuyo rooting, kubwereza njirayi pamene zikukula. Kuphwanyika kumachitika pa kukula kwa nthambi zazikulu ndi zotsalira.
Kuonjezerapo, kudulira Bacopa kukhala otsimikiza kuti achitepo pamene mphukira imayamba kukula motalika. Zikatero, kumtunda kapena m'munsi mwa nthambi kumakhala kosabalalika, ndipo chomeracho chidzatayika maonekedwe ake okongoletsera.
Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa mphukira poonetsetsa kuti maonekedwe okongola Bacopa sayenera kupitirira 65 cm.
Kutenga chomera
Mbewu isanayambe yabzalidwa m'malo osatha, nkofunika dive bakopu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndondomekoyi imachitika pambuyo pa mizu ya mbande ndi kukhazikitsa tsamba lachitatu labwino. Mitengo yaing'ono imaikidwa mu miphika yosiyana kapena mabokosi omwe ali nawo, koma pamapeto pake mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala osachepera 2 cm.
Kusankhana kwachiwiri kwa zomera kumachitika kale pamalo osatha - mumiphika kapena pamsewu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kufesa mbande m'nthaka n'kofunikira pa mfundo yonse, chifukwa pokhapokha pokhapokha mbewu idzalimbikitsidwanso bwino ndipo idzasintha kwambiri.
Pambuyo posankha (pambuyo pa sabata), mbande zikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza zomwezo ngati zomera zakulira, koma mchere wazitsulo uyenera kukhala wochepa kuposa nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pachisankho chachiwiri, feteleza ikuchitika popanda kusamala.
Musanabzala Bacopa pamtunda, mbande ziyenera nthawi zonse mkwiyo: Ngati kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbande kumachokera ku +22 ° C ndipamwamba, ndiye kuti nthawi ina musanadzale ndikofunikira kuti pang'onopang'ono mufike ku15 ° C, ndipo masiku angapo musanayambe kusunthira kumalo okonzera kuti mbande ilamulire "usiku" kutentha kotentha .
Zima Zimazizira
Monga tanenera poyamba, suter silingalole chisanu chochuluka, choncho, nyengo yachisanu bakopu ikhoza kupulumutsidwa mu chipinda chofunda. Komanso, ngati chomera patapita nthawi (pamaso pa chisanu choyamba chisanu) kusamukira ku nyengo yabwino ya kutentha, ikhoza kupitirirabe mpaka pachikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano.
Pambuyo pake, iyenera kudulidwa ndikusiyidwa mu chipinda chowala komanso chozizira (mwachitsanzo, pa khonde lotsekedwa) kufikira masika. Bacopa ndi yotentha kwambiri kuposa nyengo yachisanu.
Panthawi ino, suter ikupumula, pafupifupi sikumakula ndipo imafuna kuthirira pang'ono. Komabe, nthaka sayenera kuuma, ngati mpweya: ngati siwothira mokwanira, nthawi zonse chomeracho chiyenera kupopedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumachoka ku Bacopa m'nyengo yozizira, imayamba kuuma, kutsanulira masamba ake ndi kutambasula kutalika kwake, komanso kuwonjezera apo, pansi pake, zomerazo zimakhala ndi sosi ndi bowa komanso zowola.
Zaka zachiwiri zapopopu zimamera bwino, kotero kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kubwezeretsedwa mopitirira muyeso, kudula mitengo yachitsulo ndikuzibzala mosiyana kuti mupeze makope atsopano.
Njira zoberekera
Bakopa ndi chomera chomwe chimabzalidwa ndi mbewu kapena ziboda (zigawo).
Njira zamasamba
Bacopa grafting amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yolima mbewu, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kukula ndikubzala mbewu. Njirayi iyenera kuyambika kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, kapena kugwa, pamene mukufunikira kuchotsa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Kuphuka kwa maluwa odulidwa a cuttings kumapangidwa, kukulitsa iwo mu mchenga wamchenga kapena lotayirira nthaka. Poonjezera zotsatirazi, mukhoza kuyamba kuika zitsulo m'madzi ndi kuthira mu chidebe pokhapokha maonekedwe a mizu yoyamba (kawirikawiri izi zimachitika pafupi ndi sabata lachitatu).
Ngati phesi loyera "losazama", loti likhale lokwanira kuti likhazikike pansi, mitundu yambiri yodabwitsa imayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi kukula kwa inhibitor, komanso kutentha kwenikweni (kuphimba chidebe ndi filimu), mwinamwake chomeracho sichidzazulidwa.
Kumera Bacopa cuttings akhoza kubzalidwa pamtunda kumapeto kwa kasupe, pamene dziko lapansi lidzatentha ndi chisanu sizidzadzidzimutsa. Ngati, mutatha kukwera, pakangokhala kozizira, zomera zing'onozing'ono zingaphimbidwe kuti zisawonongeke.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Mbeu yopanga mbewu ya bacopa iyenera kuyamba m'nyengo yozizira, pamene tsiku lowala limakhala likucheperachepera, ndipo zomera zimadzuka pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira dormancy. Sikoyenera kulowa mkati mwa mbeu, popeza ndi okwanira kuti muwapeze pang'onopang'ono, nthaka yothira ndi yochepa.
The momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa kumera si pansi pa +18 ° C, ngakhale mkulu mpweya chinyezi ndi zofunika kuti bwino. Kawirikawiri, kupanga zinthu zofunika, ndi bwino kukonzekera m'nyumba wowonjezera kutentha. Mphukira zoyamba zimawonekera pambuyo pa masiku khumi.
Anakumana wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala bakopu mu zosaoneka containers, chifukwa owonjezera kuwala imathandizira kumera.
Mukudziwa? Pali njira yosazolowereka yofesa mbewu za bakapa. Mbewu zonsezi zimayikidwa mu uvuni kwa maola anayi kutentha kwa 100 ° C, kenako zimaloledwa kuti ziziziziritsa ndikuziika pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimachokera pamwamba ndi chisanu. Pambuyo pake, zomangamanga zimadzazidwa ndi kanema kapena magalasi ndi poyera kuti amera pazenera.Mphukira yoyamba ikawonekera, iyenera kuthiridwa mosamala (makamaka poyambira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa) kuti asawononge mphukira zazing'ono. Ngati patatha masabata awiri bacoba sumawonekere, muyenera kubwereza njirayi kuyambira pachiyambi.
Bacopa sichimabala bwino pofesa mbewu, choncho njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa bwino ndi wamaluwa omwe ali ndi masewera (omwe ali ndi maonekedwe ambiri), choncho ndi kofunikira kupeza choyambirira kuti mupeze kanema yoyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Chidebe, chokula kuchokera ku mbewu, chimakhala ndi chinthu china chosasangalatsa: kawirikawiri amatha pachimake ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono kusiyana ndi chomera cha mayi, pomwe njira zofalitsa zamasamba siziwathandiza.
Mankhwala
Bacopa ali ndi mankhwala ambiri, makamaka, zinthu zomwe zili mu chomeracho zimakhala zotsutsa-kutupa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, machiritso, kupweteka, analgesic, kubwezeretsa, kuchepa, komanso antioxidant, diuretic ndi astringent effect.
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe awa a bacopa:
- kumateteza ndi kulimbikitsa makoma a m'mimba ndi mitsempha ya magazi, kusagwilitsila mowa ndi normalizes acidity, kumapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda, kumathandiza kuchepetsa makilogalamu;
- Zimakhudza mphamvu zamagetsi ndi pulasitiki m'maselo;
- zimathandizira kupanga collagen zofunika pakhungu, kuchepetsa ukalamba wa khungu;
- Amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso matenda omwe amapezeka m'mitsempha;
- Zili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kayendedwe kabwino ka mitsempha, makamaka: kumathandiza kukumbukira, kumachepetsa chitukuko cha matenda a Alzheimer, kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwambiri, kumayambitsa kusakaza kwa ubongo, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti mankhwala a Bacopa sanaphunzidwe pang'ono mwa anthu, chifukwa, kawirikawiri, zoyesayesazo zinachitidwa pa zinyama za ma laboratory. Kuonjezerapo, zimatchulidwa kuti kudya kwa Bacopa ndikofunika kwambiri pamene kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachokera.Palinso zotsatira zina pamene mutenga zakumwa. Makamaka, zotsatira zoyipa pa ntchito ya spermatozoa zakhala zikuwonetsedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kumwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi bacopa kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa munthu kuti avomere.
Sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa ndi ana osakwana zaka 16, amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso omwe akulera. Kuonjezera apo, simungathe kuphatikiza mabomba ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito matenda oopsa. Kuwopsya kwa mabopayi kungayambitsenso pamene itengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Bacopa ndi chomera chatsopano, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi okongola ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Mankhwala ake sanaphunzire pang'ono, koma makhalidwe okongoletsa ndi osakayikira.
